Номер 16.8, страница 96 - гдз по алгебре 10 класс учебник Абылкасымова, Жумагулова

Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Абылкасымова А. Е., Жумагулова З. А.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Мектеп

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-07-1142-6

Утверждено Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Глава 5. Производная. Параграф 16. Производная сложной функции - номер 16.8, страница 96.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
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  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
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    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1048
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алгебра"
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                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1053
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5459
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                          #original: array:6 [
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1055
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                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1057
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                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "name" => "Казахстан"
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                              "field_nominative_case" => null
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
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                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
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                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "name" => "Алматы"
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                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
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                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
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                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
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                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
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                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
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                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 10 класса общественно-гуманитарного направления общеобразовательных школ"
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                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752146622"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
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                      ]
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                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/abylkasymova-uchebnik"
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    ]
                  ]
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                    "id" => 4293
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064}
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                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067}
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                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 10 класса общественно-гуманитарного направления общеобразовательных школ"
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                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_10/Abylkasymova-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752146622"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
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                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/abylkasymova-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075}
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076
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            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "77"
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            0 => "*"
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1113
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          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1113571
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Производная"
            "field_branch_order" => "5"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "77"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
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            "field_branch_covers" => []
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
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            "id" => 1113571
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Производная"
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            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114}
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1117
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1113576
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_branch_order" => "16"
            "field_url" => null
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1118
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
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                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
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                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_branch_covers" => []
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
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            "field_url" => null
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          ]
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          #visible: []
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1095
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1290842
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1094
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 4958
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1093
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{12}{x - \sqrt{x}} - (x - 6)^2$.</p><p>Область определения функции находится из условий: $x \ge 0$ (из-за $\sqrt{x}$) и $x - \sqrt{x} \neq 0$. Решая второе условие, получаем $\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1) \neq 0$, что дает $x \neq 0$ и $x \neq 1$. Таким образом, область определения: $x \in (0, 1) \cup (1, +\infty)$.</p><p>Для нахождения точек экстремума необходимо найти производную функции и приравнять ее к нулю. Для упрощения дифференцирования преобразуем первое слагаемое, разложив его на простейшие дроби. Введем замену $t = \sqrt{x}$.</p><p>$\frac{12}{x - \sqrt{x}} = \frac{12}{t^2 - t} = \frac{12}{t(t-1)}$.</p><p>Представим дробь в виде суммы: $\frac{12}{t(t-1)} = \frac{A}{t-1} + \frac{B}{t}$.</p><p>Для нахождения коэффициентов $A$ и $B$ приведем к общему знаменателю: $12 = At + B(t-1)$.</p><p>Подставив $t=1$, получим $12 = A \cdot 1 \Rightarrow A = 12$.</p><p>Подставив $t=0$, получим $12 = B \cdot (-1) \Rightarrow B = -12$.</p><p>Таким образом, исходная функция имеет вид: $f(x) = \frac{12}{\sqrt{x}-1} - \frac{12}{\sqrt{x}} - (x-6)^2$.</p><p>Теперь найдем производную $f'(x)$:</p><p>$f'(x) = \left(\frac{12}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)' - \left(\frac{12}{\sqrt{x}}\right)' - \left((x-6)^2\right)'$</p><p>$f'(x) = 12 \cdot (-1)(\sqrt{x}-1)^{-2} \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} - 12 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)x^{-3/2} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>$f'(x) = -\frac{6}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} + \frac{6}{x\sqrt{x}} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>Приведем первые два слагаемых к общему знаменателю $x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2$:</p><p>$f'(x) = \frac{-6x + 6(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = \frac{-6x + 6(x-2\sqrt{x}+1)}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>$f'(x) = \frac{-6x + 6x - 12\sqrt{x} + 6}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = \frac{6(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>Приравняем производную к нулю для нахождения критических точек: $f'(x) = 0$.</p><p>$\frac{6(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = 0$</p><p>$\frac{3(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} = x-6$</p><p>Данное трансцендентное уравнение не имеет простых аналитических решений. Его корни, которые и являются точками экстремума, могут быть найдены лишь численными методами.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Точки экстремума функции являются решениями уравнения $\frac{3(1 - 2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} = x-6$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{10}{x + \sqrt{x}} + (\sqrt{x} - 1)^3$.</p><p>Область определения функции: $x + \sqrt{x} \neq 0$ и $x \ge 0$. Условие $x+\sqrt{x} = \sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1) \neq 0$ при $x \ge 0$ эквивалентно $x \neq 0$. Таким образом, область определения: $x \in (0, +\infty)$.</p><p>Для упрощения найдем производную, используя замену $t = \sqrt{x}$, где $t &gt; 0$. Тогда $x=t^2$ и $f(x) = F(t) = \frac{10}{t^2 + t} + (t-1)^3$.</p><p>Разложим первое слагаемое на простейшие дроби: $\frac{10}{t(t+1)} = \frac{A}{t} + \frac{B}{t+1}$.</p><p>Приводя к общему знаменателю, получаем $10 = A(t+1) + Bt$.</p><p>При $t=0$, $A=10$. При $t=-1$, $B=-10$.</p><p>Итак, $F(t) = \frac{10}{t} - \frac{10}{t+1} + (t-1)^3$.</p><p>Найдем производную $f'(x)$ по правилу производной сложной функции: $f'(x) = \frac{dF}{dt} \cdot \frac{dt}{dx}$.</p><p>$\frac{dt}{dx} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} = \frac{1}{2t}$.</p><p>$\frac{dF}{dt} = \left(\frac{10}{t}\right)' - \left(\frac{10}{t+1}\right)' + \left((t-1)^3\right)' = -\frac{10}{t^2} + \frac{10}{(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2$.</p><p>Точки экстремума функции $f(x)$ соответствуют $f'(x) = 0$. Поскольку $\frac{dt}{dx} = \frac{1}{2t} &gt; 0$ на области определения, то $f'(x)=0$ тогда и только тогда, когда $\frac{dF}{dt}=0$.</p><p>$-\frac{10}{t^2} + \frac{10}{(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$10\left(\frac{1}{(t+1)^2} - \frac{1}{t^2}\right) + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$10\frac{t^2 - (t+1)^2}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$10\frac{t^2 - (t^2+2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$\frac{-10(2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$3(t-1)^2 = \frac{10(2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2}$</p><p>$3t^2(t-1)^2(t+1)^2 = 10(2t+1)$</p><p>$3(t(t-1)(t+1))^2 = 20t+10$</p><p>$3(t(t^2-1))^2 = 20t+10 \Rightarrow 3(t^3-t)^2 = 20t+10$</p><p>$3(t^6-2t^4+t^2) = 20t+10$</p><p>$3t^6-6t^4+3t^2-20t-10=0$</p><p>Получено полиномиальное уравнение шестой степени относительно $t$. Это уравнение не решается аналитически в общем виде. Его положительные корни могут быть найдены численными методами.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Точки экстремума функции $x=t^2$ определяются положительными корнями $t$ уравнения $3t^6-6t^4+3t^2-20t-10=0$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{12}{x - \sqrt{x}} - (x - 6)^2$.</p><p>Область определения функции находится из условий: $x \ge 0$ (из-за $\sqrt{x}$) и $x - \sqrt{x} \neq 0$. Решая второе условие, получаем $\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1) \neq 0$, что дает $x \neq 0$ и $x \neq 1$. Таким образом, область определения: $x \in (0, 1) \cup (1, +\infty)$.</p><p>Для нахождения точек экстремума необходимо найти производную функции и приравнять ее к нулю. Для упрощения дифференцирования преобразуем первое слагаемое, разложив его на простейшие дроби. Введем замену $t = \sqrt{x}$.</p><p>$\frac{12}{x - \sqrt{x}} = \frac{12}{t^2 - t} = \frac{12}{t(t-1)}$.</p><p>Представим дробь в виде суммы: $\frac{12}{t(t-1)} = \frac{A}{t-1} + \frac{B}{t}$.</p><p>Для нахождения коэффициентов $A$ и $B$ приведем к общему знаменателю: $12 = At + B(t-1)$.</p><p>Подставив $t=1$, получим $12 = A \cdot 1 \Rightarrow A = 12$.</p><p>Подставив $t=0$, получим $12 = B \cdot (-1) \Rightarrow B = -12$.</p><p>Таким образом, исходная функция имеет вид: $f(x) = \frac{12}{\sqrt{x}-1} - \frac{12}{\sqrt{x}} - (x-6)^2$.</p><p>Теперь найдем производную $f'(x)$:</p><p>$f'(x) = \left(\frac{12}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)' - \left(\frac{12}{\sqrt{x}}\right)' - \left((x-6)^2\right)'$</p><p>$f'(x) = 12 \cdot (-1)(\sqrt{x}-1)^{-2} \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} - 12 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)x^{-3/2} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>$f'(x) = -\frac{6}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} + \frac{6}{x\sqrt{x}} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>Приведем первые два слагаемых к общему знаменателю $x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2$:</p><p>$f'(x) = \frac{-6x + 6(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = \frac{-6x + 6(x-2\sqrt{x}+1)}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>$f'(x) = \frac{-6x + 6x - 12\sqrt{x} + 6}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = \frac{6(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6)$</p><p>Приравняем производную к нулю для нахождения критических точек: $f'(x) = 0$.</p><p>$\frac{6(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = 0$</p><p>$\frac{3(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} = x-6$</p><p>Данное трансцендентное уравнение не имеет простых аналитических решений. Его корни, которые и являются точками экстремума, могут быть найдены лишь численными методами.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Точки экстремума функции являются решениями уравнения $\frac{3(1 - 2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} = x-6$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{10}{x + \sqrt{x}} + (\sqrt{x} - 1)^3$.</p><p>Область определения функции: $x + \sqrt{x} \neq 0$ и $x \ge 0$. Условие $x+\sqrt{x} = \sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1) \neq 0$ при $x \ge 0$ эквивалентно $x \neq 0$. Таким образом, область определения: $x \in (0, +\infty)$.</p><p>Для упрощения найдем производную, используя замену $t = \sqrt{x}$, где $t &gt; 0$. Тогда $x=t^2$ и $f(x) = F(t) = \frac{10}{t^2 + t} + (t-1)^3$.</p><p>Разложим первое слагаемое на простейшие дроби: $\frac{10}{t(t+1)} = \frac{A}{t} + \frac{B}{t+1}$.</p><p>Приводя к общему знаменателю, получаем $10 = A(t+1) + Bt$.</p><p>При $t=0$, $A=10$. При $t=-1$, $B=-10$.</p><p>Итак, $F(t) = \frac{10}{t} - \frac{10}{t+1} + (t-1)^3$.</p><p>Найдем производную $f'(x)$ по правилу производной сложной функции: $f'(x) = \frac{dF}{dt} \cdot \frac{dt}{dx}$.</p><p>$\frac{dt}{dx} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} = \frac{1}{2t}$.</p><p>$\frac{dF}{dt} = \left(\frac{10}{t}\right)' - \left(\frac{10}{t+1}\right)' + \left((t-1)^3\right)' = -\frac{10}{t^2} + \frac{10}{(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2$.</p><p>Точки экстремума функции $f(x)$ соответствуют $f'(x) = 0$. Поскольку $\frac{dt}{dx} = \frac{1}{2t} &gt; 0$ на области определения, то $f'(x)=0$ тогда и только тогда, когда $\frac{dF}{dt}=0$.</p><p>$-\frac{10}{t^2} + \frac{10}{(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$10\left(\frac{1}{(t+1)^2} - \frac{1}{t^2}\right) + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$10\frac{t^2 - (t+1)^2}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$10\frac{t^2 - (t^2+2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$\frac{-10(2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$</p><p>$3(t-1)^2 = \frac{10(2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2}$</p><p>$3t^2(t-1)^2(t+1)^2 = 10(2t+1)$</p><p>$3(t(t-1)(t+1))^2 = 20t+10$</p><p>$3(t(t^2-1))^2 = 20t+10 \Rightarrow 3(t^3-t)^2 = 20t+10$</p><p>$3(t^6-2t^4+t^2) = 20t+10$</p><p>$3t^6-6t^4+3t^2-20t-10=0$</p><p>Получено полиномиальное уравнение шестой степени относительно $t$. Это уравнение не решается аналитически в общем виде. Его положительные корни могут быть найдены численными методами.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Точки экстремума функции $x=t^2$ определяются положительными корнями $t$ уравнения $3t^6-6t^4+3t^2-20t-10=0$.</p>"
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№16.8 (с. 96)
Условие. №16.8 (с. 96)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019, страница 96, номер 16.8, Условие

16.8. a) $f(x) = \frac{12}{x-\sqrt{x}} - (x-6)^2$;

б) $f(x) = \frac{10}{x+\sqrt{x}} + (\sqrt{x}-1)^3$.

Решение. №16.8 (с. 96)
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019, страница 96, номер 16.8, Решение
Решение 2. №16.8 (с. 96)

а)

Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{12}{x - \sqrt{x}} - (x - 6)^2$.

Область определения функции находится из условий: $x \ge 0$ (из-за $\sqrt{x}$) и $x - \sqrt{x} \neq 0$. Решая второе условие, получаем $\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1) \neq 0$, что дает $x \neq 0$ и $x \neq 1$. Таким образом, область определения: $x \in (0, 1) \cup (1, +\infty)$.

Для нахождения точек экстремума необходимо найти производную функции и приравнять ее к нулю. Для упрощения дифференцирования преобразуем первое слагаемое, разложив его на простейшие дроби. Введем замену $t = \sqrt{x}$.

$\frac{12}{x - \sqrt{x}} = \frac{12}{t^2 - t} = \frac{12}{t(t-1)}$.

Представим дробь в виде суммы: $\frac{12}{t(t-1)} = \frac{A}{t-1} + \frac{B}{t}$.

Для нахождения коэффициентов $A$ и $B$ приведем к общему знаменателю: $12 = At + B(t-1)$.

Подставив $t=1$, получим $12 = A \cdot 1 \Rightarrow A = 12$.

Подставив $t=0$, получим $12 = B \cdot (-1) \Rightarrow B = -12$.

Таким образом, исходная функция имеет вид: $f(x) = \frac{12}{\sqrt{x}-1} - \frac{12}{\sqrt{x}} - (x-6)^2$.

Теперь найдем производную $f'(x)$:

$f'(x) = \left(\frac{12}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)' - \left(\frac{12}{\sqrt{x}}\right)' - \left((x-6)^2\right)'$

$f'(x) = 12 \cdot (-1)(\sqrt{x}-1)^{-2} \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} - 12 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)x^{-3/2} - 2(x-6)$

$f'(x) = -\frac{6}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} + \frac{6}{x\sqrt{x}} - 2(x-6)$

Приведем первые два слагаемых к общему знаменателю $x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2$:

$f'(x) = \frac{-6x + 6(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = \frac{-6x + 6(x-2\sqrt{x}+1)}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6)$

$f'(x) = \frac{-6x + 6x - 12\sqrt{x} + 6}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = \frac{6(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6)$

Приравняем производную к нулю для нахождения критических точек: $f'(x) = 0$.

$\frac{6(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} - 2(x-6) = 0$

$\frac{3(1-2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} = x-6$

Данное трансцендентное уравнение не имеет простых аналитических решений. Его корни, которые и являются точками экстремума, могут быть найдены лишь численными методами.

Ответ: Точки экстремума функции являются решениями уравнения $\frac{3(1 - 2\sqrt{x})}{x\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)^2} = x-6$.

б)

Рассмотрим функцию $f(x) = \frac{10}{x + \sqrt{x}} + (\sqrt{x} - 1)^3$.

Область определения функции: $x + \sqrt{x} \neq 0$ и $x \ge 0$. Условие $x+\sqrt{x} = \sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}+1) \neq 0$ при $x \ge 0$ эквивалентно $x \neq 0$. Таким образом, область определения: $x \in (0, +\infty)$.

Для упрощения найдем производную, используя замену $t = \sqrt{x}$, где $t > 0$. Тогда $x=t^2$ и $f(x) = F(t) = \frac{10}{t^2 + t} + (t-1)^3$.

Разложим первое слагаемое на простейшие дроби: $\frac{10}{t(t+1)} = \frac{A}{t} + \frac{B}{t+1}$.

Приводя к общему знаменателю, получаем $10 = A(t+1) + Bt$.

При $t=0$, $A=10$. При $t=-1$, $B=-10$.

Итак, $F(t) = \frac{10}{t} - \frac{10}{t+1} + (t-1)^3$.

Найдем производную $f'(x)$ по правилу производной сложной функции: $f'(x) = \frac{dF}{dt} \cdot \frac{dt}{dx}$.

$\frac{dt}{dx} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}} = \frac{1}{2t}$.

$\frac{dF}{dt} = \left(\frac{10}{t}\right)' - \left(\frac{10}{t+1}\right)' + \left((t-1)^3\right)' = -\frac{10}{t^2} + \frac{10}{(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2$.

Точки экстремума функции $f(x)$ соответствуют $f'(x) = 0$. Поскольку $\frac{dt}{dx} = \frac{1}{2t} > 0$ на области определения, то $f'(x)=0$ тогда и только тогда, когда $\frac{dF}{dt}=0$.

$-\frac{10}{t^2} + \frac{10}{(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$

$10\left(\frac{1}{(t+1)^2} - \frac{1}{t^2}\right) + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$

$10\frac{t^2 - (t+1)^2}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$

$10\frac{t^2 - (t^2+2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$

$\frac{-10(2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2} + 3(t-1)^2 = 0$

$3(t-1)^2 = \frac{10(2t+1)}{t^2(t+1)^2}$

$3t^2(t-1)^2(t+1)^2 = 10(2t+1)$

$3(t(t-1)(t+1))^2 = 20t+10$

$3(t(t^2-1))^2 = 20t+10 \Rightarrow 3(t^3-t)^2 = 20t+10$

$3(t^6-2t^4+t^2) = 20t+10$

$3t^6-6t^4+3t^2-20t-10=0$

Получено полиномиальное уравнение шестой степени относительно $t$. Это уравнение не решается аналитически в общем виде. Его положительные корни могут быть найдены численными методами.

Ответ: Точки экстремума функции $x=t^2$ определяются положительными корнями $t$ уравнения $3t^6-6t^4+3t^2-20t-10=0$.

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