Упр 4, страница 132, часть 1 - гдз по алгебре 10 класс учебник Пак, Ардакулы

Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Пак Олег Владимирович, Ардакулы Дархан, Ескендирова Елена Викторовна, издательство Алматыкітап баспасы, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Пак О. В., Ардакулы Д., Ескендирова Е. В.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Алматыкітап баспасы

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Часть: 1

ISBN: 978-601-01-3958-9

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Часть 1. Глава 3. Тригонометрические уравнения и неравенства. Параграф 1. Простейшие тригонометрические уравнения. 1.2. Уравнения вида cosx=a. Задачи - страница 132.

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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1123
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                          #table: "terms"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:12 [
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Пак"
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                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Олег"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1128
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
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                          #withCount: []
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "field_name" => "Дархан"
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                          #hidden: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
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                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Term {#1129
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                            "field_name" => "Елена"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                      #items: []
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                          #table: "terms"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1134
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
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        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1148
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                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
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                    0 => "*"
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            "field_page_start" => "122"
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151
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        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1154
          #connection: "mysql"
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            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1155
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #attributes: array:7 [
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1165
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            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158}
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        }
        3 => App\Models\Branch {#1159
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119387
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_branch_order" => null
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            "field_page_start" => "132"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162
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              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1174
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_branch_order" => "1"
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                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                  ]
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                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
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            "id" => 1119387
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "1.2. Уравнения вида cosx=a"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156}
            "field_page_start" => "132"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175}
          ]
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          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        4 => App\Models\Branch {#1163
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119388
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Задачи"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "132"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1119}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1183
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1119387
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "1.2. Уравнения вида cosx=a"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_page_start" => "132"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
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                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1119387
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "1.2. Уравнения вида cosx=a"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185}
                    "field_page_start" => "132"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
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                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119388
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Задачи"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160}
            "field_page_start" => "132"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
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            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1096
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1300537
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1095
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 4962
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 4962
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1119822"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<strong>Упражнение 4</strong><p>В предыдущем пункте мы полностью и подробно изучили уравнения вида $sin x = a$. Результатом стала таблица формул, в которой рассмотрены все возможные значения $a$. Попробуйте самостоятельно получить аналогичную таблицу для уравнений вида $cos x = a$.</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "4-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1686"
                "height" => 446
                "path" => "/media/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/0-3-1upr/4-1.webp?ts=1753534637"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 1300537
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1119822"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<strong>Упражнение 4</strong><p>В предыдущем пункте мы полностью и подробно изучили уравнения вида $sin x = a$. Результатом стала таблица формул, в которой рассмотрены все возможные значения $a$. Попробуйте самостоятельно получить аналогичную таблицу для уравнений вида $cos x = a$.</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "4-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1686"
                "height" => 446
                "path" => "/media/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/0-3-1upr/4-1.webp?ts=1753534637"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1088
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 1551573
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1089
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5659
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2 (rus)"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5659
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2 (rus)"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1119822"
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Упр 4 (с. 132)
Условие. Упр 4 (с. 132)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Пак Олег Владимирович, Ардакулы Дархан, Ескендирова Елена Викторовна, издательство Алматыкітап баспасы, Алматы, 2019, Часть 1, страница 132, Условие
Упражнение 4

В предыдущем пункте мы полностью и подробно изучили уравнения вида $sin x = a$. Результатом стала таблица формул, в которой рассмотрены все возможные значения $a$. Попробуйте самостоятельно получить аналогичную таблицу для уравнений вида $cos x = a$.

Решение 2 (rus). Упр 4 (с. 132)

Для составления таблицы решений уравнения вида $cos(x) = a$, необходимо проанализировать его в зависимости от значения параметра $a$.

Основное свойство функции косинус заключается в том, что её область значений — это отрезок $[-1; 1]$. Это означает, что для любого угла $x$ выполняется неравенство $-1 \le cos(x) \le 1$.

Случай 1: $|a| > 1$

Если модуль параметра $a$ больше единицы (то есть $a > 1$ или $a < -1$), уравнение $cos(x) = a$ не имеет решений в действительных числах, так как значение косинуса не может выходить за пределы отрезка $[-1; 1]$.

Ответ: $x \in \emptyset$ (корней нет).

Случай 2: $|a| \le 1$ (Общая формула)

Если параметр $a$ принадлежит отрезку $[-1; 1]$, уравнение имеет решения. Для их нахождения используется понятие арккосинуса. Арккосинус числа $a$ ($arccos(a)$) — это угол из отрезка $[0; \pi]$, косинус которого равен $a$.

На единичной окружности прямой, соответствующей значению косинуса $a$, отвечают два симметричных относительно оси абсцисс угла: $arccos(a)$ и $-arccos(a)$. Учитывая, что косинус является периодической функцией с периодом $2\pi$, все решения уравнения можно найти, прибавив к этим двум углам $2\pi n$, где $n$ — любое целое число.

Таким образом, общая формула для корней уравнения имеет следующий вид.

Ответ: $x = \pm arccos(a) + 2\pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$.

Частные случаи

Для некоторых значений $a$ общую формулу можно представить в более простом виде. Эти случаи часто встречаются в задачах.

Уравнение $cos(x) = 1$

Используя общую формулу: $x = \pm arccos(1) + 2\pi n$. Поскольку $arccos(1) = 0$, получаем $x = \pm 0 + 2\pi n$.

Ответ: $x = 2\pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$.

Уравнение $cos(x) = -1$

Используя общую формулу: $x = \pm arccos(-1) + 2\pi n$. Поскольку $arccos(-1) = \pi$, получаем $x = \pm \pi + 2\pi n$. Обе серии корней ($x = \pi + 2\pi n$ и $x = -\pi + 2\pi n$) описывают одни и те же точки, поэтому их можно объединить.

Ответ: $x = \pi + 2\pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$.

Уравнение $cos(x) = 0$

Используя общую формулу: $x = \pm arccos(0) + 2\pi n$. Поскольку $arccos(0) = \frac{\pi}{2}$, получаем $x = \pm \frac{\pi}{2} + 2\pi n$. Эти две серии точек на единичной окружности расположены на расстоянии $\pi$ друг от друга, поэтому их можно объединить в одну более компактную формулу.

Ответ: $x = \frac{\pi}{2} + \pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$.

Итоговая таблица формул для решения уравнения $cos(x) = a$ выглядит следующим образом.

Значение $a$ Корни уравнения $cos(x) = a$
$|a| > 1$ Корней нет ($x \in \emptyset$)
$a \in [-1, 1]$ $x = \pm arccos(a) + 2\pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$ (общая формула)
$a = 1$ $x = 2\pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$
$a = -1$ $x = \pi + 2\pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$
$a = 0$ $x = \frac{\pi}{2} + \pi n, n \in \mathbb{Z}$

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