Номер 18, страница 112, часть 2 - гдз по алгебре 10 класс учебник Пак, Ардакулы

Авторы: Пак О. В., Ардакулы Д., Ескендирова Е. В.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Алматыкітап баспасы

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Часть: 2

ISBN: 978-601-01-3958-9

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

Часть 2. Глава 6. Применение производной. Параграф 4. Задачи на нахождение экстремумов. Задачи - номер 18, страница 112.

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                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 10 класса общеобразовательной школы общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
                    "field_priority" => "6"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-01-3958-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/algebra/baspasy-pak-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119426
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073}
            "field_page_start" => "5"
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            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074}
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1104
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119442
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Применение производной"
            "field_branch_order" => "6"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1106
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "76"
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            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1108
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4295
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
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                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 10 класса общеобразовательной школы общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
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                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
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                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
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                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2}
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                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
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                  ]
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                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2}
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                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
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                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
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                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
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                    "field_tasks_count" => "1063"
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                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_10/baspasy-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-01-3958-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
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                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2}
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                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2}
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                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
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                    "field_metatags_description" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1137
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "5"
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                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1119426
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => null
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "5"
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                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
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                    "field_navigation_title" => null
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119442
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Применение производной"
            "field_branch_order" => "6"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105}
            "field_page_start" => "76"
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            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107}
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          ]
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1142
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1119450
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Задачи на нахождение экстремумов"
            "field_branch_order" => "4"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1144
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #touches: []
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "105"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
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            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1146
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4295
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2}
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                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2}
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        3 => App\Models\Branch {#1185
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong>Обозначим начальные массы растворов в первом и втором сосудах как $m_{1и} = 10$ кг и $m_{2и} = 15$ кг соответственно. Пусть $s_1$ и $s_2$ — это массы соли в каждом сосуде, которые остаются неизменными в процессе испарения. Начальная концентрация в первом сосуде равна $C_{1и} = s_1/m_{1и}$, а во втором $C_{2и} = s_2/m_{2и}$.<br>После испарения воды конечные массы растворов стали $m_{1к}$ и $m_{2к}$, а конечные концентрации — $C_{1к} = s_1/m_{1к}$ и $C_{2к} = s_2/m_{2к}$.<br>По условию задачи, $C_{1к} = p \cdot C_{1и}$ и $C_{2к} = q \cdot C_{2и}$. Отсюда мы можем выразить конечные массы через начальные:<br>$s_1/m_{1к} = p \cdot (s_1/m_{1и}) \implies m_{1к} = m_{1и}/p = 10/p$.<br>$s_2/m_{2к} = q \cdot (s_2/m_{2и}) \implies m_{2к} = m_{2и}/q = 15/q$.<br>Суммарная масса растворов после испарения составляет $M = m_{1к} + m_{2к} = 10/p + 15/q$.<br>Нам дано, что $pq=6$, откуда можно выразить $q = 6/p$. Подставим это в формулу для суммарной массы:<br>$M(p) = 10/p + 15/(6/p) = 10/p + 15p/6 = 10/p + 2.5p$.<br>Поскольку концентрация увеличилась, то $p > 1$ и $q > 1$. Из $q=6/p > 1$ следует, что $p < 6$. Таким образом, мы ищем наименьшее значение функции $M(p)$ на интервале $p \in (1, 6)$.<br>Для нахождения минимума функции найдем ее производную по $p$:<br>$M'(p) = (10/p + 2.5p)' = -10/p^2 + 2.5$.<br>Приравняем производную к нулю: $-10/p^2 + 2.5 = 0 \implies 2.5 = 10/p^2 \implies p^2 = 10/2.5 = 4$.<br>Так как $p>1$, то $p=2$. Это значение попадает в наш интервал $(1, 6)$.<br>Чтобы убедиться, что это точка минимума, найдем вторую производную: $M''(p) = (-10p^{-2})' = 20p^{-3} = 20/p^3$. При $p=2$, $M''(2) = 20/8 > 0$, что подтверждает, что при $p=2$ функция достигает своего минимума.<br>Вычислим это минимальное значение:<br>$M_{min} = M(2) = 10/2 + 2.5 \cdot 2 = 5 + 5 = 10$ кг.<br>Ответ: 10 кг.</p><p><strong>б)</strong>Эта задача является обобщением пункта а). Пусть начальные массы равны $m_1$ и $m_2$, и известно, что $pq=c$.<br>Аналогично предыдущему пункту, конечные массы растворов равны $m_{1к} = m_1/p$ и $m_{2к} = m_2/q$.<br>Суммарная конечная масса $M = m_1/p + m_2/q$. Используя соотношение $q=c/p$, получаем функцию суммарной массы от одной переменной $p$:<br>$M(p) = m_1/p + m_2/(c/p) = m_1/p + \frac{m_2}{c}p$.<br>Из условия, что концентрации увеличиваются, следует $p \ge 1$ и $q \ge 1$. Из $q = c/p \ge 1$ получаем $p \le c$. Таким образом, необходимо найти наименьшее значение функции $M(p)$ на отрезке $[1, c]$.<br>Найдем производную функции $M(p)$:<br>$M'(p) = -m_1/p^2 + m_2/c$.<br>Приравняв производную к нулю, найдем стационарную точку: $m_2/c = m_1/p^2 \implies p^2 = \frac{m_1 c}{m_2} \implies p_0 = \sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}}$.<br>Вторая производная $M''(p) = 2m_1/p^3$ положительна для $p>0$ (так как $m_1, c > 0$), следовательно, $p_0$ является точкой минимума функции $M(p)$ на всей области определения $p>0$.<br>Наименьшее значение функции на отрезке $[1, c]$ зависит от того, где находится точка $p_0$ по отношению к этому отрезку. Рассмотрим три случая:<br>1. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится на отрезке $[1, c]$, то есть $1 \le \sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} \le c$. Это условие эквивалентно $\frac{m_2}{c} \le m_1 \le m_2 c$. В этом случае наименьшее значение функции на отрезке совпадает с ее значением в точке минимума:<br>$M_{min} = M(p_0) = m_1/\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} + \frac{m_2}{c}\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} = \sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}} + \sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}}$.<br>2. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится левее отрезка $[1, c]$, то есть $\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} < 1$, что эквивалентно $m_1 < \frac{m_2}{c}$. В этом случае функция $M(p)$ возрастает на всем отрезке $[1, c]$, и ее наименьшее значение достигается на левой границе, при $p=1$.<br>$M_{min} = M(1) = m_1/1 + m_2/c = m_1 + m_2/c$.<br>3. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится правее отрезка $[1, c]$, то есть $\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} > c$, что эквивалентно $m_1 > m_2 c$. В этом случае функция $M(p)$ убывает на всем отрезке $[1, c]$, и ее наименьшее значение достигается на правой границе, при $p=c$.<br>$M_{min} = M(c) = m_1/c + \frac{m_2}{c} \cdot c = m_1/c + m_2$.<br>Ответ: Наименьшая суммарная масса растворов равна:<br>$2\sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}}$, если $\frac{m_2}{c} \le m_1 \le m_2 c$;<br>$m_1 + \frac{m_2}{c}$, если $m_1 < \frac{m_2}{c}$;<br>$\frac{m_1}{c} + m_2$, если $m_1 > m_2 c$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong>Обозначим начальные массы растворов в первом и втором сосудах как $m_{1и} = 10$ кг и $m_{2и} = 15$ кг соответственно. Пусть $s_1$ и $s_2$ — это массы соли в каждом сосуде, которые остаются неизменными в процессе испарения. Начальная концентрация в первом сосуде равна $C_{1и} = s_1/m_{1и}$, а во втором $C_{2и} = s_2/m_{2и}$.<br>После испарения воды конечные массы растворов стали $m_{1к}$ и $m_{2к}$, а конечные концентрации — $C_{1к} = s_1/m_{1к}$ и $C_{2к} = s_2/m_{2к}$.<br>По условию задачи, $C_{1к} = p \cdot C_{1и}$ и $C_{2к} = q \cdot C_{2и}$. Отсюда мы можем выразить конечные массы через начальные:<br>$s_1/m_{1к} = p \cdot (s_1/m_{1и}) \implies m_{1к} = m_{1и}/p = 10/p$.<br>$s_2/m_{2к} = q \cdot (s_2/m_{2и}) \implies m_{2к} = m_{2и}/q = 15/q$.<br>Суммарная масса растворов после испарения составляет $M = m_{1к} + m_{2к} = 10/p + 15/q$.<br>Нам дано, что $pq=6$, откуда можно выразить $q = 6/p$. Подставим это в формулу для суммарной массы:<br>$M(p) = 10/p + 15/(6/p) = 10/p + 15p/6 = 10/p + 2.5p$.<br>Поскольку концентрация увеличилась, то $p > 1$ и $q > 1$. Из $q=6/p > 1$ следует, что $p < 6$. Таким образом, мы ищем наименьшее значение функции $M(p)$ на интервале $p \in (1, 6)$.<br>Для нахождения минимума функции найдем ее производную по $p$:<br>$M'(p) = (10/p + 2.5p)' = -10/p^2 + 2.5$.<br>Приравняем производную к нулю: $-10/p^2 + 2.5 = 0 \implies 2.5 = 10/p^2 \implies p^2 = 10/2.5 = 4$.<br>Так как $p>1$, то $p=2$. Это значение попадает в наш интервал $(1, 6)$.<br>Чтобы убедиться, что это точка минимума, найдем вторую производную: $M''(p) = (-10p^{-2})' = 20p^{-3} = 20/p^3$. При $p=2$, $M''(2) = 20/8 > 0$, что подтверждает, что при $p=2$ функция достигает своего минимума.<br>Вычислим это минимальное значение:<br>$M_{min} = M(2) = 10/2 + 2.5 \cdot 2 = 5 + 5 = 10$ кг.<br>Ответ: 10 кг.</p><p><strong>б)</strong>Эта задача является обобщением пункта а). Пусть начальные массы равны $m_1$ и $m_2$, и известно, что $pq=c$.<br>Аналогично предыдущему пункту, конечные массы растворов равны $m_{1к} = m_1/p$ и $m_{2к} = m_2/q$.<br>Суммарная конечная масса $M = m_1/p + m_2/q$. Используя соотношение $q=c/p$, получаем функцию суммарной массы от одной переменной $p$:<br>$M(p) = m_1/p + m_2/(c/p) = m_1/p + \frac{m_2}{c}p$.<br>Из условия, что концентрации увеличиваются, следует $p \ge 1$ и $q \ge 1$. Из $q = c/p \ge 1$ получаем $p \le c$. Таким образом, необходимо найти наименьшее значение функции $M(p)$ на отрезке $[1, c]$.<br>Найдем производную функции $M(p)$:<br>$M'(p) = -m_1/p^2 + m_2/c$.<br>Приравняв производную к нулю, найдем стационарную точку: $m_2/c = m_1/p^2 \implies p^2 = \frac{m_1 c}{m_2} \implies p_0 = \sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}}$.<br>Вторая производная $M''(p) = 2m_1/p^3$ положительна для $p>0$ (так как $m_1, c > 0$), следовательно, $p_0$ является точкой минимума функции $M(p)$ на всей области определения $p>0$.<br>Наименьшее значение функции на отрезке $[1, c]$ зависит от того, где находится точка $p_0$ по отношению к этому отрезку. Рассмотрим три случая:<br>1. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится на отрезке $[1, c]$, то есть $1 \le \sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} \le c$. Это условие эквивалентно $\frac{m_2}{c} \le m_1 \le m_2 c$. В этом случае наименьшее значение функции на отрезке совпадает с ее значением в точке минимума:<br>$M_{min} = M(p_0) = m_1/\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} + \frac{m_2}{c}\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} = \sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}} + \sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}}$.<br>2. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится левее отрезка $[1, c]$, то есть $\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} < 1$, что эквивалентно $m_1 < \frac{m_2}{c}$. В этом случае функция $M(p)$ возрастает на всем отрезке $[1, c]$, и ее наименьшее значение достигается на левой границе, при $p=1$.<br>$M_{min} = M(1) = m_1/1 + m_2/c = m_1 + m_2/c$.<br>3. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится правее отрезка $[1, c]$, то есть $\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} > c$, что эквивалентно $m_1 > m_2 c$. В этом случае функция $M(p)$ убывает на всем отрезке $[1, c]$, и ее наименьшее значение достигается на правой границе, при $p=c$.<br>$M_{min} = M(c) = m_1/c + \frac{m_2}{c} \cdot c = m_1/c + m_2$.<br>Ответ: Наименьшая суммарная масса растворов равна:<br>$2\sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}}$, если $\frac{m_2}{c} \le m_1 \le m_2 c$;<br>$m_1 + \frac{m_2}{c}$, если $m_1 < \frac{m_2}{c}$;<br>$\frac{m_1}{c} + m_2$, если $m_1 > m_2 c$.</p>"
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№18 (с. 112)
Условие. №18 (с. 112)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Пак Олег Владимирович, Ардакулы Дархан, Ескендирова Елена Викторовна, издательство Алматыкітап баспасы, Алматы, 2019, Часть 2, страница 112, номер 18, Условие

18. (4) a) В двух различных сосудах находятся растворы соли, причем в первом находится 10 кг, а во втором 15 кг. При испарении воды содержание соли в первом сосуде увеличилось в $p$ раз, а во втором в $q$ раз. Известно, что $pq=6$. Какая наименьшая суммарная масса растворов могла остаться в обоих сосудах?

(4) б) решить задачу пункта а) при условии, что в первом сосуде находится первоначально $m_1$ кг, во втором $m_2$ кг, $pq=c$, где $m_1$, $m_2$ и $c$ – данные положительные числа, $y=x^2$.

Решение 2 (rus). №18 (с. 112)

а)Обозначим начальные массы растворов в первом и втором сосудах как $m_{1и} = 10$ кг и $m_{2и} = 15$ кг соответственно. Пусть $s_1$ и $s_2$ — это массы соли в каждом сосуде, которые остаются неизменными в процессе испарения. Начальная концентрация в первом сосуде равна $C_{1и} = s_1/m_{1и}$, а во втором $C_{2и} = s_2/m_{2и}$.
После испарения воды конечные массы растворов стали $m_{1к}$ и $m_{2к}$, а конечные концентрации — $C_{1к} = s_1/m_{1к}$ и $C_{2к} = s_2/m_{2к}$.
По условию задачи, $C_{1к} = p \cdot C_{1и}$ и $C_{2к} = q \cdot C_{2и}$. Отсюда мы можем выразить конечные массы через начальные:
$s_1/m_{1к} = p \cdot (s_1/m_{1и}) \implies m_{1к} = m_{1и}/p = 10/p$.
$s_2/m_{2к} = q \cdot (s_2/m_{2и}) \implies m_{2к} = m_{2и}/q = 15/q$.
Суммарная масса растворов после испарения составляет $M = m_{1к} + m_{2к} = 10/p + 15/q$.
Нам дано, что $pq=6$, откуда можно выразить $q = 6/p$. Подставим это в формулу для суммарной массы:
$M(p) = 10/p + 15/(6/p) = 10/p + 15p/6 = 10/p + 2.5p$.
Поскольку концентрация увеличилась, то $p > 1$ и $q > 1$. Из $q=6/p > 1$ следует, что $p < 6$. Таким образом, мы ищем наименьшее значение функции $M(p)$ на интервале $p \in (1, 6)$.
Для нахождения минимума функции найдем ее производную по $p$:
$M'(p) = (10/p + 2.5p)' = -10/p^2 + 2.5$.
Приравняем производную к нулю: $-10/p^2 + 2.5 = 0 \implies 2.5 = 10/p^2 \implies p^2 = 10/2.5 = 4$.
Так как $p>1$, то $p=2$. Это значение попадает в наш интервал $(1, 6)$.
Чтобы убедиться, что это точка минимума, найдем вторую производную: $M''(p) = (-10p^{-2})' = 20p^{-3} = 20/p^3$. При $p=2$, $M''(2) = 20/8 > 0$, что подтверждает, что при $p=2$ функция достигает своего минимума.
Вычислим это минимальное значение:
$M_{min} = M(2) = 10/2 + 2.5 \cdot 2 = 5 + 5 = 10$ кг.
Ответ: 10 кг.

б)Эта задача является обобщением пункта а). Пусть начальные массы равны $m_1$ и $m_2$, и известно, что $pq=c$.
Аналогично предыдущему пункту, конечные массы растворов равны $m_{1к} = m_1/p$ и $m_{2к} = m_2/q$.
Суммарная конечная масса $M = m_1/p + m_2/q$. Используя соотношение $q=c/p$, получаем функцию суммарной массы от одной переменной $p$:
$M(p) = m_1/p + m_2/(c/p) = m_1/p + \frac{m_2}{c}p$.
Из условия, что концентрации увеличиваются, следует $p \ge 1$ и $q \ge 1$. Из $q = c/p \ge 1$ получаем $p \le c$. Таким образом, необходимо найти наименьшее значение функции $M(p)$ на отрезке $[1, c]$.
Найдем производную функции $M(p)$:
$M'(p) = -m_1/p^2 + m_2/c$.
Приравняв производную к нулю, найдем стационарную точку: $m_2/c = m_1/p^2 \implies p^2 = \frac{m_1 c}{m_2} \implies p_0 = \sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}}$.
Вторая производная $M''(p) = 2m_1/p^3$ положительна для $p>0$ (так как $m_1, c > 0$), следовательно, $p_0$ является точкой минимума функции $M(p)$ на всей области определения $p>0$.
Наименьшее значение функции на отрезке $[1, c]$ зависит от того, где находится точка $p_0$ по отношению к этому отрезку. Рассмотрим три случая:
1. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится на отрезке $[1, c]$, то есть $1 \le \sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} \le c$. Это условие эквивалентно $\frac{m_2}{c} \le m_1 \le m_2 c$. В этом случае наименьшее значение функции на отрезке совпадает с ее значением в точке минимума:
$M_{min} = M(p_0) = m_1/\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} + \frac{m_2}{c}\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} = \sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}} + \sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}}$.
2. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится левее отрезка $[1, c]$, то есть $\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} < 1$, что эквивалентно $m_1 < \frac{m_2}{c}$. В этом случае функция $M(p)$ возрастает на всем отрезке $[1, c]$, и ее наименьшее значение достигается на левой границе, при $p=1$.
$M_{min} = M(1) = m_1/1 + m_2/c = m_1 + m_2/c$.
3. Точка минимума $p_0$ находится правее отрезка $[1, c]$, то есть $\sqrt{\frac{m_1 c}{m_2}} > c$, что эквивалентно $m_1 > m_2 c$. В этом случае функция $M(p)$ убывает на всем отрезке $[1, c]$, и ее наименьшее значение достигается на правой границе, при $p=c$.
$M_{min} = M(c) = m_1/c + \frac{m_2}{c} \cdot c = m_1/c + m_2$.
Ответ: Наименьшая суммарная масса растворов равна:
$2\sqrt{\frac{m_1 m_2}{c}}$, если $\frac{m_2}{c} \le m_1 \le m_2 c$;
$m_1 + \frac{m_2}{c}$, если $m_1 < \frac{m_2}{c}$;
$\frac{m_1}{c} + m_2$, если $m_1 > m_2 c$.

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