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Номер 15.1, страница 112 - гдз по физике 10-11 класс задачник Гельфгат, Генденштейн
Авторы: Гельфгат И. М., Генденштейн Л. Э., Кирик Л. А.
Тип: Задачник
Издательство: Илекса
Год издания: 2008 - 2026
Уровень обучения: профильный
Цвет обложки: красный лупа, парень едет на велосипеде
ISBN: 978-5-89237-252-7
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Молекулярная физика и термодинамика. Молекулярная физика. 15. Уравнение состояния идеального газа. Упражнения - номер 15.1, страница 112.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319558 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "112" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik/15-1" "field_display_title" => "15.1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика и термодинамика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5460 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "11" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5460 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "11" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5158 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Илекса" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ileksa" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5158 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Илекса" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "ileksa" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4102 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Гельфгат" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Илья" "field_patronymic" => "Маркович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4102 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Гельфгат" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Илья" "field_patronymic" => "Маркович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null …6 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1050 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1054 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756049816" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756049816" "alt" => "" "width" => "1566" "height" => "2412" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 494 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756049816" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756049816" "alt" => "" "width" => "1566" "height" => "2412" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 494 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика и термодинамика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика и термодинамика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика и термодинамика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика и термодинамика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319310 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика и термодинамика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1170 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "15. Уравнение состояния идеального газа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "112" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1173 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1205 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_page_start" => "104" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "15. Уравнение состояния идеального газа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171} "field_page_start" => "112" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Branch {#1213 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319316 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Упражнения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "112" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1216 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5400 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "лупа, парень едет на велосипеде" "field_publication_year" => "2008" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "459" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-252-7" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gelfgat-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1248 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1319315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "15. Уравнение состояния идеального газа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 …2} "field_page_start" => "112" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319315 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "15. Уравнение состояния идеального газа" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 …2} "field_page_start" => "112" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1319316 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Упражнения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "field_page_start" => "112" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1292 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1493780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1294 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5430 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5430 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1319558" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>15.1.</strong> Герметично закрытый сосуд полностью заполнен водой.</p><p>Каким стало бы давление $\text{p}$ внутри сосуда, если бы силы взаимодействия между молекулами воды исчезли? Температура в сосуде постоянна: $t = 27^\circ \text{C}$.</p><p>☑ $p = 140 \text{ МПа}$</p><p><strong><em>Решение.</em></strong> После исчезновения сил взаимодействия между молекулами вода превратилась бы в идеальный газ с той же плотностью $\rho = 1000 \text{ кг/м}^3$. Из уравнения Менделеева–Клапейрона следует, что $p = \rho RT/M$. Отсюда получаем, что $p = 1,4 \cdot 10^8 \text{ Па} = 1400 \text{ атм}$. Здесь $T = 300 \text{ К}$, $\text{M}$ — молярная масса воды, $\text{R}$ — универсальная газовая постоянная. Огромная величина полученного ответа показывает, сколь велики силы молекулярного «сцепления» в жидкостях и твердых телах.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1428" "height" => 843 "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/0-15/1-1.webp?ts=1756251063" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1493780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1319558" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>15.1.</strong> Герметично закрытый сосуд полностью заполнен водой.</p><p>Каким стало бы давление $\text{p}$ внутри сосуда, если бы силы взаимодействия между молекулами воды исчезли? Температура в сосуде постоянна: $t = 27^\circ \text{C}$.</p><p>☑ $p = 140 \text{ МПа}$</p><p><strong><em>Решение.</em></strong> После исчезновения сил взаимодействия между молекулами вода превратилась бы в идеальный газ с той же плотностью $\rho = 1000 \text{ кг/м}^3$. Из уравнения Менделеева–Клапейрона следует, что $p = \rho RT/M$. Отсюда получаем, что $p = 1,4 \cdot 10^8 \text{ Па} = 1400 \text{ атм}$. Здесь $T = 300 \text{ К}$, $\text{M}$ — молярная масса воды, $\text{R}$ — универсальная газовая постоянная. Огромная величина полученного ответа показывает, сколь велики силы молекулярного «сцепления» в жидкостях и твердых телах.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1428" "height" => 843 "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gelfgat-z/0-15/1-1.webp?ts=1756251063" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1300 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1691337 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1302 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1319558" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>15.1.</strong> <strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Вещество - вода ($H_2O$)<br>Температура $t = 27$ °C<br>Плотность воды $\rho = 1000$ кг/м³<br>Молярная масса воды $M(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 18$ г/моль<br>Универсальная газовая постоянная $R \approx 8.314$ Дж/(моль·К)</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$T = t + 273 = 27 + 273 = 300$ К<br>$M = 18 \text{ г/моль} = 0.018$ кг/моль</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$p$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Согласно условию задачи, силы взаимодействия между молекулами воды исчезают. Вещество, в котором можно пренебречь силами взаимодействия между молекулами и их собственным объемом, является идеальным газом. Таким образом, мы можем рассматривать воду в сосуде как идеальный газ.</p><p>Поскольку сосуд герметично закрыт и полностью заполнен, объем, занимаемый водой, остается постоянным. Это означает, что наш гипотетический "водяной газ" имеет ту же плотность, что и жидкая вода, то есть $\rho = 1000$ кг/м³.</p><p>Для нахождения давления идеального газа воспользуемся уравнением состояния идеального газа, или уравнением Менделеева–Клапейрона: $pV = \nu RT$, где $p$ – давление, $V$ – объем, $\nu$ – количество вещества, $R$ – универсальная газовая постоянная, $T$ – абсолютная температура.</p><p>Количество вещества $\nu$ можно выразить через массу вещества $m$ и его молярную массу $M$: $\nu = \frac{m}{M}$</p><p>Подставим это выражение в уравнение состояния: $pV = \frac{m}{M}RT$</p><p>Разделим обе части уравнения на объем $V$: $p = \frac{m}{V} \cdot \frac{RT}{M}$</p><p>Так как отношение массы к объему $\frac{m}{V}$ есть плотность $\rho$, получаем формулу для давления: $p = \frac{\rho RT}{M}$</p><p>Теперь подставим числовые значения в систему СИ: $p = \frac{1000 \text{ кг/м³} \cdot 8.314 \text{ Дж/(моль·К)} \cdot 300 \text{ К}}{0.018 \text{ кг/моль}}$</p><p>$p = \frac{2494200}{0.018} \text{ Па} \approx 138566667 \text{ Па}$</p><p>Переведем давление в мегапаскали (МПа), зная, что $1 \text{ МПа} = 10^6 \text{ Па}$: $p \approx \frac{138566667}{10^6} \text{ МПа} \approx 138.6 \text{ МПа}$</p><p>Округляя полученный результат, получаем значение, указанное в ответе к задаче. Небольшое расхождение может быть связано с использованием округленных значений констант при составлении задачи (например, $R \approx 8.4$ Дж/(моль·К)). Огромная величина полученного давления показывает, насколько велики силы молекулярного сцепления в жидкостях, которые "удерживают" молекулы вместе и противодействуют этому колоссальному давлению.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $p \approx 140$ МПа.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1691337 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1319558" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>15.1.</strong> <strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Вещество - вода ($H_2O$)<br>Температура $t = 27$ °C<br>Плотность воды $\rho = 1000$ кг/м³<br>Молярная масса воды $M(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 18$ г/моль<br>Универсальная газовая постоянная $R \approx 8.314$ Дж/(моль·К)</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$T = t + 273 = 27 + 273 = 300$ К<br>$M = 18 \text{ г/моль} = 0.018$ кг/моль</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$p$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Согласно условию задачи, силы взаимодействия между молекулами воды исчезают. Вещество, в котором можно пренебречь силами взаимодействия между молекулами и их собственным объемом, является идеальным газом. Таким образом, мы можем рассматривать воду в сосуде как идеальный газ.</p><p>Поскольку сосуд герметично закрыт и полностью заполнен, объем, занимаемый водой, остается постоянным. Это означает, что наш гипотетический "водяной газ" имеет ту же плотность, что и жидкая вода, то есть $\rho = 1000$ кг/м³.</p><p>Для нахождения давления идеального газа воспользуемся уравнением состояния идеального газа, или уравнением Менделеева–Клапейрона: $pV = \nu RT$, где $p$ – давление, $V$ – объем, $\nu$ – количество вещества, $R$ – универсальная газовая постоянная, $T$ – абсолютная температура.</p><p>Количество вещества $\nu$ можно выразить через массу вещества $m$ и его молярную массу $M$: $\nu = \frac{m}{M}$</p><p>Подставим это выражение в уравнение состояния: $pV = \frac{m}{M}RT$</p><p>Разделим обе части уравнения на объем $V$: $p = \frac{m}{V} \cdot \frac{RT}{M}$</p><p>Так как отношение массы к объему $\frac{m}{V}$ есть плотность $\rho$, получаем формулу для давления: $p = \frac{\rho RT}{M}$</p><p>Теперь подставим числовые значения в систему СИ: $p = \frac{1000 \text{ кг/м³} \cdot 8.314 \text{ Дж/(моль·К)} \cdot 300 \text{ К}}{0.018 \text{ кг/моль}}$</p><p>$p = \frac{2494200}{0.018} \text{ Па} \approx 138566667 \text{ Па}$</p><p>Переведем давление в мегапаскали (МПа), зная, что $1 \text{ МПа} = 10^6 \text{ Па}$: $p \approx \frac{138566667}{10^6} \text{ МПа} \approx 138.6 \text{ МПа}$</p><p>Округляя полученный результат, получаем значение, указанное в ответе к задаче. Небольшое расхождение может быть связано с использованием округленных значений констант при составлении задачи (например, $R \approx 8.4$ Дж/(моль·К)). Огромная величина полученного давления показывает, насколько велики силы молекулярного сцепления в жидкостях, которые "удерживают" молекулы вместе и противодействуют этому колоссальному давлению.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $p \approx 140$ МПа.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1319559" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1319557" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1322 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" 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№15.1 (с. 112)
Условие. №15.1 (с. 112)
скриншот условия
15.1. Герметично закрытый сосуд полностью заполнен водой.
Каким стало бы давление $\text{p}$ внутри сосуда, если бы силы взаимодействия между молекулами воды исчезли? Температура в сосуде постоянна: $t = 27^\circ \text{C}$.
☑ $p = 140 \text{ МПа}$
Решение. После исчезновения сил взаимодействия между молекулами вода превратилась бы в идеальный газ с той же плотностью $\rho = 1000 \text{ кг/м}^3$. Из уравнения Менделеева–Клапейрона следует, что $p = \rho RT/M$. Отсюда получаем, что $p = 1,4 \cdot 10^8 \text{ Па} = 1400 \text{ атм}$. Здесь $T = 300 \text{ К}$, $\text{M}$ — молярная масса воды, $\text{R}$ — универсальная газовая постоянная. Огромная величина полученного ответа показывает, сколь велики силы молекулярного «сцепления» в жидкостях и твердых телах.
Решение. №15.1 (с. 112)
15.1. Дано:
Вещество - вода ($H_2O$)
Температура $t = 27$ °C
Плотность воды $\rho = 1000$ кг/м³
Молярная масса воды $M(\text{H}_2\text{O}) = 18$ г/моль
Универсальная газовая постоянная $R \approx 8.314$ Дж/(моль·К)
Перевод в систему СИ:
$T = t + 273 = 27 + 273 = 300$ К
$M = 18 \text{ г/моль} = 0.018$ кг/моль
Найти:
$p$ - ?
Решение:
Согласно условию задачи, силы взаимодействия между молекулами воды исчезают. Вещество, в котором можно пренебречь силами взаимодействия между молекулами и их собственным объемом, является идеальным газом. Таким образом, мы можем рассматривать воду в сосуде как идеальный газ.
Поскольку сосуд герметично закрыт и полностью заполнен, объем, занимаемый водой, остается постоянным. Это означает, что наш гипотетический "водяной газ" имеет ту же плотность, что и жидкая вода, то есть $\rho = 1000$ кг/м³.
Для нахождения давления идеального газа воспользуемся уравнением состояния идеального газа, или уравнением Менделеева–Клапейрона: $pV = \nu RT$, где $p$ – давление, $V$ – объем, $\nu$ – количество вещества, $R$ – универсальная газовая постоянная, $T$ – абсолютная температура.
Количество вещества $\nu$ можно выразить через массу вещества $m$ и его молярную массу $M$: $\nu = \frac{m}{M}$
Подставим это выражение в уравнение состояния: $pV = \frac{m}{M}RT$
Разделим обе части уравнения на объем $V$: $p = \frac{m}{V} \cdot \frac{RT}{M}$
Так как отношение массы к объему $\frac{m}{V}$ есть плотность $\rho$, получаем формулу для давления: $p = \frac{\rho RT}{M}$
Теперь подставим числовые значения в систему СИ: $p = \frac{1000 \text{ кг/м³} \cdot 8.314 \text{ Дж/(моль·К)} \cdot 300 \text{ К}}{0.018 \text{ кг/моль}}$
$p = \frac{2494200}{0.018} \text{ Па} \approx 138566667 \text{ Па}$
Переведем давление в мегапаскали (МПа), зная, что $1 \text{ МПа} = 10^6 \text{ Па}$: $p \approx \frac{138566667}{10^6} \text{ МПа} \approx 138.6 \text{ МПа}$
Округляя полученный результат, получаем значение, указанное в ответе к задаче. Небольшое расхождение может быть связано с использованием округленных значений констант при составлении задачи (например, $R \approx 8.4$ Дж/(моль·К)). Огромная величина полученного давления показывает, насколько велики силы молекулярного сцепления в жидкостях, которые "удерживают" молекулы вместе и противодействуют этому колоссальному давлению.
Ответ: $p \approx 140$ МПа.
Другие задания:
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