Номер 2, страница 90 - гдз по физике 10 класс учебник часть 1 Генденштейн, Дик

Физика, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Генденштейн Лев Элевич, Дик Юрий Иванович, издательство Мнемозина, Москва, 2009

Авторы: Генденштейн Л. Э., Дик Ю. И.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Мнемозина

Год издания: 2009 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый

Часть: 1, 2

ISBN: 978-5-346-03674-6

Механика. Глава 2. Динамика. Параграф 11. Всемирное тяготение - номер 2, страница 90.

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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1104
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1404508
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Динамика"
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1106
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1108
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1937
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "7"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2009"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "740"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1937
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "7"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2009"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "740"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1138
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1404500
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Механика"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "9"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1404500
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Механика"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "9"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1404508
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Динамика"
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105}
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1142
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1404514
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Всемирное тяготение"
            "field_branch_order" => "11"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1144
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "85"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1146
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1937
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "7"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2009"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "740"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1937
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2}
                    "field_publication_number" => "7"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2009"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "740"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> С одинаковой ли силой притягивает Земля лежащий камень и падающий? Если да, то почему первый камень покоится, а второй движется с ускорением?</p>"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> С одинаковой ли силой притягивает Земля лежащий камень и падающий? Если да, то почему первый камень покоится, а второй движется с ускорением?</p>"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Да, при условии, что массы камней одинаковы, Земля притягивает лежащий камень и падающий камень с абсолютно одинаковой силой. Эта сила, называемая силой тяжести, определяется по формуле $F_т = mg$, где $\text{m}$ — масса камня, а $\text{g}$ — ускорение свободного падения. Величина этой силы зависит только от массы объекта и его положения относительно Земли, но не от того, покоится он или движется.</p><p>Различие в их состоянии движения объясняется вторым законом Ньютона ($\vec{F}_{равн} = m\vec{a}$), который связывает ускорение тела с <strong>равнодействующей</strong> всех приложенных к нему сил, а не с какой-то одной силой.</p><p>В случае <strong>лежащего камня</strong> на него действуют две силы: сила тяжести $\vec{F}_т$, направленная вертикально вниз, и сила реакции опоры (земли) $\vec{N}$, направленная вертикально вверх. Эти силы равны по модулю и противоположны по направлению. Их векторная сумма, то есть равнодействующая сила, равна нулю: $\vec{F}_{равн} = \vec{F}_т + \vec{N} = 0$. Поскольку равнодействующая сила равна нулю, то и ускорение камня равно нулю, поэтому он покоится.</p><p>В случае <strong>падающего камня</strong> (если пренебречь сопротивлением воздуха) на него действует только одна сила — сила тяжести $\vec{F}_т$. Так как она ничем не скомпенсирована, она и является равнодействующей силой: $\vec{F}_{равн} = \vec{F}_т$. Поскольку на камень действует ненулевая равнодействующая сила, он движется с ускорением $\vec{a} = \frac{\vec{F}_{равн}}{m} = \vec{g}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Да, Земля притягивает оба камня с одинаковой силой. Лежащий камень покоится, потому что действующая на него сила тяжести скомпенсирована равной ей по величине и противоположной по направлению силой реакции опоры, в результате чего равнодействующая сила равна нулю. Падающий камень движется с ускорением, так как действующая на него сила тяжести не скомпенсирована, и она является ненулевой равнодействующей силой.</p>"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Да, при условии, что массы камней одинаковы, Земля притягивает лежащий камень и падающий камень с абсолютно одинаковой силой. Эта сила, называемая силой тяжести, определяется по формуле $F_т = mg$, где $\text{m}$ — масса камня, а $\text{g}$ — ускорение свободного падения. Величина этой силы зависит только от массы объекта и его положения относительно Земли, но не от того, покоится он или движется.</p><p>Различие в их состоянии движения объясняется вторым законом Ньютона ($\vec{F}_{равн} = m\vec{a}$), который связывает ускорение тела с <strong>равнодействующей</strong> всех приложенных к нему сил, а не с какой-то одной силой.</p><p>В случае <strong>лежащего камня</strong> на него действуют две силы: сила тяжести $\vec{F}_т$, направленная вертикально вниз, и сила реакции опоры (земли) $\vec{N}$, направленная вертикально вверх. Эти силы равны по модулю и противоположны по направлению. Их векторная сумма, то есть равнодействующая сила, равна нулю: $\vec{F}_{равн} = \vec{F}_т + \vec{N} = 0$. Поскольку равнодействующая сила равна нулю, то и ускорение камня равно нулю, поэтому он покоится.</p><p>В случае <strong>падающего камня</strong> (если пренебречь сопротивлением воздуха) на него действует только одна сила — сила тяжести $\vec{F}_т$. Так как она ничем не скомпенсирована, она и является равнодействующей силой: $\vec{F}_{равн} = \vec{F}_т$. Поскольку на камень действует ненулевая равнодействующая сила, он движется с ускорением $\vec{a} = \frac{\vec{F}_{равн}}{m} = \vec{g}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Да, Земля притягивает оба камня с одинаковой силой. Лежащий камень покоится, потому что действующая на него сила тяжести скомпенсирована равной ей по величине и противоположной по направлению силой реакции опоры, в результате чего равнодействующая сила равна нулю. Падающий камень движется с ускорением, так как действующая на него сила тяжести не скомпенсирована, и она является ненулевой равнодействующей силой.</p>"
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6493
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Физика"
                    "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                    "field_translit" => "fizika"
                  ]
                  #original: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6493
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Физика"
                    "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                    "field_translit" => "fizika"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1220
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5459
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "10"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_translit" => "desjatyj"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5459
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "10"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_translit" => "desjatyj"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1221
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5155
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Мнемозина"
                    "field_cases" => null
                    "field_translit" => "mnemozina"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5155
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Мнемозина"
                    "field_cases" => null
                    "field_translit" => "mnemozina"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1240
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 4104
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Генденштейн"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                     …6
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [ …12]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Term {#1241
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
                  #original: array:12 [ …12]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1245
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                  #original: array:10 [ …10]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1247
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1249
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1253
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_publication_number" => "7"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1256
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2009"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => "1, 2"
            "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => null
            "field_reserve_field" => null
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "740"
            "field_priority" => null
            "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1637"
                "height" => "2568"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => "0"
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 381
              "subject" => 556
              "class_subject" => 494
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:50 [
            "id" => 1937
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216}
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224}
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218}
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219}
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243}
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244}
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246}
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248}
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250}
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251}
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252}
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254}
            "field_publication_number" => "7"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255}
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257}
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2009"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => "1, 2"
            "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => null
            "field_reserve_field" => null
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "740"
            "field_priority" => null
            "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1637"
                "height" => "2568"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => "0"
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258}
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259}
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260}
            "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 381
              "subject" => 556
              "class_subject" => 494
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1268
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1405406
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "90"
            "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009/page-90"
            "field_display_title" => "90"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "90"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1222}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1281
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1405407"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1405405"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1508
              #items: array:10 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#1524
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#1531
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Task {#1543
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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№2 (с. 90)
Условие. №2 (с. 90)
скриншот условия
Физика, 10 класс Учебник, авторы: Генденштейн Лев Элевич, Дик Юрий Иванович, издательство Мнемозина, Москва, 2009, страница 90, номер 2, Условие

2. С одинаковой ли силой притягивает Земля лежащий камень и падающий? Если да, то почему первый камень покоится, а второй движется с ускорением?

Решение. №2 (с. 90)

Решение

Да, при условии, что массы камней одинаковы, Земля притягивает лежащий камень и падающий камень с абсолютно одинаковой силой. Эта сила, называемая силой тяжести, определяется по формуле $F_т = mg$, где $\text{m}$ — масса камня, а $\text{g}$ — ускорение свободного падения. Величина этой силы зависит только от массы объекта и его положения относительно Земли, но не от того, покоится он или движется.

Различие в их состоянии движения объясняется вторым законом Ньютона ($\vec{F}_{равн} = m\vec{a}$), который связывает ускорение тела с равнодействующей всех приложенных к нему сил, а не с какой-то одной силой.

В случае лежащего камня на него действуют две силы: сила тяжести $\vec{F}_т$, направленная вертикально вниз, и сила реакции опоры (земли) $\vec{N}$, направленная вертикально вверх. Эти силы равны по модулю и противоположны по направлению. Их векторная сумма, то есть равнодействующая сила, равна нулю: $\vec{F}_{равн} = \vec{F}_т + \vec{N} = 0$. Поскольку равнодействующая сила равна нулю, то и ускорение камня равно нулю, поэтому он покоится.

В случае падающего камня (если пренебречь сопротивлением воздуха) на него действует только одна сила — сила тяжести $\vec{F}_т$. Так как она ничем не скомпенсирована, она и является равнодействующей силой: $\vec{F}_{равн} = \vec{F}_т$. Поскольку на камень действует ненулевая равнодействующая сила, он движется с ускорением $\vec{a} = \frac{\vec{F}_{равн}}{m} = \vec{g}$.

Ответ: Да, Земля притягивает оба камня с одинаковой силой. Лежащий камень покоится, потому что действующая на него сила тяжести скомпенсирована равной ей по величине и противоположной по направлению силой реакции опоры, в результате чего равнодействующая сила равна нулю. Падающий камень движется с ускорением, так как действующая на него сила тяжести не скомпенсирована, и она является ненулевой равнодействующей силой.

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