gdz.top
Номер 3, страница 340 - гдз по физике 10 класс учебник часть 1 Генденштейн, Дик
Авторы: Генденштейн Л. Э., Дик Ю. И.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Мнемозина
Год издания: 2009 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Часть: 1, 2
ISBN: 978-5-346-03674-6
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Электростатика. Глава 8. Свойства электрического поля. Параграф 41. Электроёмкость. Энергия электрического поля - номер 3, страница 340.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1405191 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "340" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009/41-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1404549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "290" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1404549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "290" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1404549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "290" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1404549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_page_start" => "290" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1404554 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Свойства электрического поля" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "309" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1108 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1404549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_page_start" => "290" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1404549 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_page_start" => "290" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1404554 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Свойства электрического поля" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "field_page_start" => "309" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1142 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1404558 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электроёмкость. Энергия электрического поля" "field_branch_order" => "41" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1144 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "336" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1146 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1176 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1404554 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Свойства электрического поля" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_page_start" => "309" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1404554 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Свойства электрического поля" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_page_start" => "309" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1404558 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электроёмкость. Энергия электрического поля" "field_branch_order" => "41" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_page_start" => "336" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1204 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1649766 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1205 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5864 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5864 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405191" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Расскажите о конденсаторе и его использовании.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1133" "height" => 116 "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/0-41/3-1.webp?ts=1758101302" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1649766 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405191" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Расскажите о конденсаторе и его использовании.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1133" "height" => 116 "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/0-41/3-1.webp?ts=1758101302" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1211 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1698128 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1212 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6171 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6171 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405191" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Конденсатор: устройство и принцип действия</strong></p><p>Конденсатор — это пассивный электронный компонент, предназначенный для накопления электрического заряда и энергии электрического поля. В простейшем виде он состоит из двух проводящих пластин (называемых обкладками), разделённых слоем диэлектрика — вещества, которое не проводит электрический ток (например, воздух, бумага, керамика, слюда). При подключении конденсатора к источнику напряжения на его обкладках накапливаются равные по модулю и противоположные по знаку заряды. Между обкладками возникает электрическое поле, в котором и запасается энергия.</p><p><strong>Основные характеристики конденсатора</strong></p><p>Главной характеристикой конденсатора является его <em>электроёмкость</em> (или просто ёмкость). Ёмкость — это физическая величина, равная отношению заряда $\text{q}$, накопленного на одной из обкладок, к разности потенциалов (напряжению) $\text{U}$ между обкладками:</p><p>$C = q/U$</p><p>Единицей измерения ёмкости в системе СИ является фарад (Ф). На практике чаще используют дольные единицы: микрофарад (мкФ, $10^{-6}$ Ф), нанофарад (нФ, $10^{-9}$ Ф) и пикофарад (пФ, $10^{-12}$ Ф).</p><p>Ёмкость плоского конденсатора зависит от его геометрических размеров и свойств диэлектрика. Она вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$C = (\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon S) / d$</p><p>где $\text{S}$ — площадь каждой обкладки, $\text{d}$ — расстояние между ними, $\varepsilon_0$ — электрическая постоянная, а $\varepsilon$ — диэлектрическая проницаемость материала между обкладками.</p><p>Энергия, запасённая в электрическом поле заряженного конденсатора, определяется по формуле:</p><p>$W = (C U^2) / 2 = (q U) / 2 = q^2 / (2C)$</p><p><strong>Использование конденсаторов</strong></p><p>Благодаря своей способности накапливать и быстро отдавать заряд, конденсаторы находят широчайшее применение в электронике и электротехнике:</p><ul><li><strong>Фильтры в источниках питания:</strong> Конденсаторы используются для сглаживания пульсаций выпрямленного напряжения, превращая переменный ток в постоянный.</li><li><strong>Накопление энергии:</strong> В фотовспышках, дефибрилляторах, лазерных установках конденсаторы заряжаются в течение длительного времени, а затем мгновенно разряжаются, создавая мощный импульс.</li><li><strong>Колебательные контуры:</strong> В сочетании с катушками индуктивности (LC-контуры) конденсаторы используются для настройки радиоприёмников и передатчиков на определённую частоту.</li><li><strong>Цепи связи и развязки:</strong> Конденсаторы могут пропускать переменный ток, но блокировать постоянный. Это свойство используется для разделения каскадов усилителей (разделительные конденсаторы) или для подавления высокочастотных помех в цепях питания (развязывающие/блокировочные конденсаторы).</li><li><strong>Временизадающие цепи:</strong> В паре с резисторами (RC-цепи) конденсаторы определяют временные интервалы в таймерах, генераторах импульсов и других схемах.</li><li><strong>Запуск электродвигателей:</strong> В однофазных асинхронных двигателях конденсаторы создают сдвиг фаз, необходимый для формирования вращающегося магнитного поля и запуска двигателя.</li><li><strong>Компенсация реактивной мощности:</strong> В промышленных электросетях конденсаторные батареи используются для повышения коэффициента мощности, что снижает потери электроэнергии.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Конденсатор — это электронный компонент, состоящий из двух проводников, разделённых диэлектриком, и служащий для накопления электрического заряда и энергии. Его основная характеристика — ёмкость, измеряемая в фарадах. Конденсаторы широко применяются в различных областях электроники и электротехники для фильтрации напряжений, накопления энергии, в колебательных контурах для настройки на частоту, в качестве разделительных элементов в цепях, для запуска электродвигателей и в других целях.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1698128 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405191" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Конденсатор: устройство и принцип действия</strong></p><p>Конденсатор — это пассивный электронный компонент, предназначенный для накопления электрического заряда и энергии электрического поля. В простейшем виде он состоит из двух проводящих пластин (называемых обкладками), разделённых слоем диэлектрика — вещества, которое не проводит электрический ток (например, воздух, бумага, керамика, слюда). При подключении конденсатора к источнику напряжения на его обкладках накапливаются равные по модулю и противоположные по знаку заряды. Между обкладками возникает электрическое поле, в котором и запасается энергия.</p><p><strong>Основные характеристики конденсатора</strong></p><p>Главной характеристикой конденсатора является его <em>электроёмкость</em> (или просто ёмкость). Ёмкость — это физическая величина, равная отношению заряда $\text{q}$, накопленного на одной из обкладок, к разности потенциалов (напряжению) $\text{U}$ между обкладками:</p><p>$C = q/U$</p><p>Единицей измерения ёмкости в системе СИ является фарад (Ф). На практике чаще используют дольные единицы: микрофарад (мкФ, $10^{-6}$ Ф), нанофарад (нФ, $10^{-9}$ Ф) и пикофарад (пФ, $10^{-12}$ Ф).</p><p>Ёмкость плоского конденсатора зависит от его геометрических размеров и свойств диэлектрика. Она вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$C = (\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon S) / d$</p><p>где $\text{S}$ — площадь каждой обкладки, $\text{d}$ — расстояние между ними, $\varepsilon_0$ — электрическая постоянная, а $\varepsilon$ — диэлектрическая проницаемость материала между обкладками.</p><p>Энергия, запасённая в электрическом поле заряженного конденсатора, определяется по формуле:</p><p>$W = (C U^2) / 2 = (q U) / 2 = q^2 / (2C)$</p><p><strong>Использование конденсаторов</strong></p><p>Благодаря своей способности накапливать и быстро отдавать заряд, конденсаторы находят широчайшее применение в электронике и электротехнике:</p><ul><li><strong>Фильтры в источниках питания:</strong> Конденсаторы используются для сглаживания пульсаций выпрямленного напряжения, превращая переменный ток в постоянный.</li><li><strong>Накопление энергии:</strong> В фотовспышках, дефибрилляторах, лазерных установках конденсаторы заряжаются в течение длительного времени, а затем мгновенно разряжаются, создавая мощный импульс.</li><li><strong>Колебательные контуры:</strong> В сочетании с катушками индуктивности (LC-контуры) конденсаторы используются для настройки радиоприёмников и передатчиков на определённую частоту.</li><li><strong>Цепи связи и развязки:</strong> Конденсаторы могут пропускать переменный ток, но блокировать постоянный. Это свойство используется для разделения каскадов усилителей (разделительные конденсаторы) или для подавления высокочастотных помех в цепях питания (развязывающие/блокировочные конденсаторы).</li><li><strong>Временизадающие цепи:</strong> В паре с резисторами (RC-цепи) конденсаторы определяют временные интервалы в таймерах, генераторах импульсов и других схемах.</li><li><strong>Запуск электродвигателей:</strong> В однофазных асинхронных двигателях конденсаторы создают сдвиг фаз, необходимый для формирования вращающегося магнитного поля и запуска двигателя.</li><li><strong>Компенсация реактивной мощности:</strong> В промышленных электросетях конденсаторные батареи используются для повышения коэффициента мощности, что снижает потери электроэнергии.</li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Конденсатор — это электронный компонент, состоящий из двух проводников, разделённых диэлектриком, и служащий для накопления электрического заряда и энергии. Его основная характеристика — ёмкость, измеряемая в фарадах. Конденсаторы широко применяются в различных областях электроники и электротехники для фильтрации напряжений, накопления энергии, в колебательных контурах для настройки на частоту, в качестве разделительных элементов в цепях, для запуска электродвигателей и в других целях.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405192" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405190" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1201 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1187 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1193 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1191 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5155 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5155 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Мнемозина" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "mnemozina" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1190 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1195 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дик" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Иванович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дик" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Иванович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1199 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1200 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1219 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1224 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1227 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317" "alt" => "" "width" => "1637" "height" => "2568" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 494 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1937 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225} "field_publication_number" => "7" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2009" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "740" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-346-03674-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_10/gendenshtejn-u-09/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1757890317" "alt" => "" "width" => "1637" "height" => "2568" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231} "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 494 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1239 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1405656 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "340" "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009/page-340" "field_display_title" => "340" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "340" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1201} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1252 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1650222 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1650222 …5 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405657" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405655" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1450 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1462 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1467 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1472 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1475 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1490 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1503 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1405656 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "340" "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009/page-340" "field_display_title" => "340" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "340" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405657" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405655" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1450} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1405191 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "340" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik-2009/41-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405192" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405190" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1405656" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№3 (с. 340)
Условие. №3 (с. 340)
скриншот условия
3. Расскажите о конденсаторе и его использовании.
Решение. №3 (с. 340)
Конденсатор: устройство и принцип действия
Конденсатор — это пассивный электронный компонент, предназначенный для накопления электрического заряда и энергии электрического поля. В простейшем виде он состоит из двух проводящих пластин (называемых обкладками), разделённых слоем диэлектрика — вещества, которое не проводит электрический ток (например, воздух, бумага, керамика, слюда). При подключении конденсатора к источнику напряжения на его обкладках накапливаются равные по модулю и противоположные по знаку заряды. Между обкладками возникает электрическое поле, в котором и запасается энергия.
Основные характеристики конденсатора
Главной характеристикой конденсатора является его электроёмкость (или просто ёмкость). Ёмкость — это физическая величина, равная отношению заряда $\text{q}$, накопленного на одной из обкладок, к разности потенциалов (напряжению) $\text{U}$ между обкладками:
$C = q/U$
Единицей измерения ёмкости в системе СИ является фарад (Ф). На практике чаще используют дольные единицы: микрофарад (мкФ, $10^{-6}$ Ф), нанофарад (нФ, $10^{-9}$ Ф) и пикофарад (пФ, $10^{-12}$ Ф).
Ёмкость плоского конденсатора зависит от его геометрических размеров и свойств диэлектрика. Она вычисляется по формуле:
$C = (\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon S) / d$
где $\text{S}$ — площадь каждой обкладки, $\text{d}$ — расстояние между ними, $\varepsilon_0$ — электрическая постоянная, а $\varepsilon$ — диэлектрическая проницаемость материала между обкладками.
Энергия, запасённая в электрическом поле заряженного конденсатора, определяется по формуле:
$W = (C U^2) / 2 = (q U) / 2 = q^2 / (2C)$
Использование конденсаторов
Благодаря своей способности накапливать и быстро отдавать заряд, конденсаторы находят широчайшее применение в электронике и электротехнике:
- Фильтры в источниках питания: Конденсаторы используются для сглаживания пульсаций выпрямленного напряжения, превращая переменный ток в постоянный.
- Накопление энергии: В фотовспышках, дефибрилляторах, лазерных установках конденсаторы заряжаются в течение длительного времени, а затем мгновенно разряжаются, создавая мощный импульс.
- Колебательные контуры: В сочетании с катушками индуктивности (LC-контуры) конденсаторы используются для настройки радиоприёмников и передатчиков на определённую частоту.
- Цепи связи и развязки: Конденсаторы могут пропускать переменный ток, но блокировать постоянный. Это свойство используется для разделения каскадов усилителей (разделительные конденсаторы) или для подавления высокочастотных помех в цепях питания (развязывающие/блокировочные конденсаторы).
- Временизадающие цепи: В паре с резисторами (RC-цепи) конденсаторы определяют временные интервалы в таймерах, генераторах импульсов и других схемах.
- Запуск электродвигателей: В однофазных асинхронных двигателях конденсаторы создают сдвиг фаз, необходимый для формирования вращающегося магнитного поля и запуска двигателя.
- Компенсация реактивной мощности: В промышленных электросетях конденсаторные батареи используются для повышения коэффициента мощности, что снижает потери электроэнергии.
Ответ: Конденсатор — это электронный компонент, состоящий из двух проводников, разделённых диэлектриком, и служащий для накопления электрического заряда и энергии. Его основная характеристика — ёмкость, измеряемая в фарадах. Конденсаторы широко применяются в различных областях электроники и электротехники для фильтрации напряжений, накопления энергии, в колебательных контурах для настройки на частоту, в качестве разделительных элементов в цепях, для запуска электродвигателей и в других целях.
Другие задания:
Помогло решение? Оставьте отзыв в комментариях ниже.
Присоединяйтесь к Телеграм-группе @top_gdz
ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по физике за 10 класс, для упражнения номер 3 расположенного на странице 340 к учебнику 2009 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по физике к упражнению №3 (с. 340), авторов: Генденштейн (Лев Элевич), Дик (Юрий Иванович), базовый уровень обучения учебного пособия издательства Мнемозина.