Номер 355, страница 52, часть 1 - гдз по физике 10-11 класс сборник задач Парфентьева

Авторы: Парфентьева Н. А.

Тип: Сборник задач

Серия: классический курс

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2007 - 2026

Часть: 1

Цвет обложки: фиолетовый

ISBN: 978-5-09-092936-3

Часть 1. 10 класс. Молекулярная физика. Тепловые явления. Основы молекулярно-кинетической теории. Основные положения молекулярно-кинетической теории. Молекулы - номер 355, страница 52.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
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                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
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                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1173
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1175
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5418
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Парфентьева"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Наталия"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Андреевна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Парфентьевой"
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5418
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Парфентьева"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Наталия"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Андреевна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Парфентьевой"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1178
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6598
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Сборник задач"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "sbornik zadach"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6598
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Сборник задач"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "sbornik zadach"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1180
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1182
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1184
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4718
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "классический курс"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "klassicheskiy kurs"
                          ]
                          #original: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4718
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "классический курс"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "klassicheskiy kurs"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1188
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (старый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => null
                            "field_end_year" => "2022"
                            "field_start_year" => "2019"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos-old"
                            "field_type" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                             …9
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "13"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1190
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2007"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1110"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/parfenteva-sz/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-092936-3"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_10/parfenteva-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756251235"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_10/parfenteva-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756251235"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1588"
                        "height" => "2426"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/parfenteva-sbornik-zadach"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1196
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 494
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 3751
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187}
                    "field_publication_number" => "13"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2007"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1110"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_10/parfenteva-sz/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-092936-3"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_10/parfenteva-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756251235"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_10/parfenteva-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1756251235"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1588"
                        "height" => "2426"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194}
                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/fizika/parfenteva-sbornik-zadach"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 381
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 494
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319883
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167}
            "field_page_start" => "5"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1198
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319884
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "10 класс"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "5"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1166}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319884
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "10 класс"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200}
            "field_page_start" => "5"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1203
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319925
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика. Тепловые явления"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "51"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1166}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1206
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1319884
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "10 класс"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "5"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1319884
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "10 класс"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "5"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319925
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика. Тепловые явления"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204}
            "field_page_start" => "51"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        3 => App\Models\Branch {#1246
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319926
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Основы молекулярно-кинетической теории"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "51"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1166}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1257
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1319925
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика. Тепловые явления"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "51"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1319925
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Молекулярная физика. Тепловые явления"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "51"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319926
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Основы молекулярно-кинетической теории"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247}
            "field_page_start" => "51"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        4 => App\Models\Branch {#1251
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319927
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Основные положения молекулярно-кинетической теории. Молекулы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "51"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1166}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1266
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1319926
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Основы молекулярно-кинетической теории"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "51"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1319926
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Основы молекулярно-кинетической теории"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "51"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1319927
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Основные положения молекулярно-кинетической теории. Молекулы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250}
            "field_page_start" => "51"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1140
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1496516
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1139
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5460
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            "text" => "<p><strong>355.</strong> [289] Кольцо массой 10 г изготовлено из сплава золота и серебра. Сколько атомов золота и серебра содержится в этом кольце, если серебра в нём по массе в 4 раза больше, чем золота?</p>"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p><strong>355.</strong> [289] Кольцо массой 10 г изготовлено из сплава золота и серебра. Сколько атомов золота и серебра содержится в этом кольце, если серебра в нём по массе в 4 раза больше, чем золота?</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Масса кольца, $m_{кольца}$ = 10 г<br>Соотношение масс, $m_{серебра} = 4 \cdot m_{золота}$<br>Постоянная Авогадро, $N_A \approx 6.02 \cdot 10^{23}$ моль$^{-1}$<br>Молярная масса золота (Au), $M_{Au} \approx 197$ г/моль<br>Молярная масса серебра (Ag), $M_{Ag} \approx 108$ г/моль</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$m_{кольца} = 0.01$ кг<br>$M_{Au} \approx 0.197$ кг/моль<br>$M_{Ag} \approx 0.108$ кг/моль</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Число атомов золота, $N_{Au}$ - ?<br>Число атомов серебра, $N_{Ag}$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Найдем массу золота и серебра в кольце.</p><p>Пусть масса золота в сплаве равна $m_{Au}$, а масса серебра $m_{Ag}$. Общая масса кольца складывается из массы золота и серебра:</p><p>$m_{кольца} = m_{Au} + m_{Ag}$</p><p>По условию задачи, масса серебра в 4 раза больше массы золота:</p><p>$m_{Ag} = 4 \cdot m_{Au}$</p><p>Подставим второе уравнение в первое:</p><p>$m_{кольца} = m_{Au} + 4 \cdot m_{Au} = 5 \cdot m_{Au}$</p><p>Отсюда можем найти массу золота:</p><p>$m_{Au} = \frac{m_{кольца}}{5} = \frac{10 \text{ г}}{5} = 2 \text{ г}$</p><p>Теперь найдем массу серебра:</p><p>$m_{Ag} = 4 \cdot m_{Au} = 4 \cdot 2 \text{ г} = 8 \text{ г}$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Рассчитаем количество атомов золота ($N_{Au}$) и серебра ($N_{Ag}$).</p><p>Количество атомов $\text{N}$ можно найти по формуле:</p><p>$N = \nu \cdot N_A = \frac{m}{M} \cdot N_A$</p><p>где $\nu$ - количество вещества (в молях), $\text{m}$ - масса вещества, $\text{M}$ - молярная масса вещества, $N_A$ - число Авогадро.</p><p>Вычислим количество атомов золота:</p><p>$N_{Au} = \frac{m_{Au}}{M_{Au}} \cdot N_A = \frac{2 \text{ г}}{197 \text{ г/моль}} \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \text{ моль}^{-1} \approx 0.01015 \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \approx 6.11 \cdot 10^{21}$ атомов.</p><p>Вычислим количество атомов серебра:</p><p>$N_{Ag} = \frac{m_{Ag}}{M_{Ag}} \cdot N_A = \frac{8 \text{ г}}{108 \text{ г/моль}} \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \text{ моль}^{-1} \approx 0.07407 \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \approx 4.46 \cdot 10^{22}$ атомов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> в кольце содержится примерно $6.11 \cdot 10^{21}$ атомов золота и $4.46 \cdot 10^{22}$ атомов серебра.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Масса кольца, $m_{кольца}$ = 10 г<br>Соотношение масс, $m_{серебра} = 4 \cdot m_{золота}$<br>Постоянная Авогадро, $N_A \approx 6.02 \cdot 10^{23}$ моль$^{-1}$<br>Молярная масса золота (Au), $M_{Au} \approx 197$ г/моль<br>Молярная масса серебра (Ag), $M_{Ag} \approx 108$ г/моль</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$m_{кольца} = 0.01$ кг<br>$M_{Au} \approx 0.197$ кг/моль<br>$M_{Ag} \approx 0.108$ кг/моль</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Число атомов золота, $N_{Au}$ - ?<br>Число атомов серебра, $N_{Ag}$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Найдем массу золота и серебра в кольце.</p><p>Пусть масса золота в сплаве равна $m_{Au}$, а масса серебра $m_{Ag}$. Общая масса кольца складывается из массы золота и серебра:</p><p>$m_{кольца} = m_{Au} + m_{Ag}$</p><p>По условию задачи, масса серебра в 4 раза больше массы золота:</p><p>$m_{Ag} = 4 \cdot m_{Au}$</p><p>Подставим второе уравнение в первое:</p><p>$m_{кольца} = m_{Au} + 4 \cdot m_{Au} = 5 \cdot m_{Au}$</p><p>Отсюда можем найти массу золота:</p><p>$m_{Au} = \frac{m_{кольца}}{5} = \frac{10 \text{ г}}{5} = 2 \text{ г}$</p><p>Теперь найдем массу серебра:</p><p>$m_{Ag} = 4 \cdot m_{Au} = 4 \cdot 2 \text{ г} = 8 \text{ г}$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Рассчитаем количество атомов золота ($N_{Au}$) и серебра ($N_{Ag}$).</p><p>Количество атомов $\text{N}$ можно найти по формуле:</p><p>$N = \nu \cdot N_A = \frac{m}{M} \cdot N_A$</p><p>где $\nu$ - количество вещества (в молях), $\text{m}$ - масса вещества, $\text{M}$ - молярная масса вещества, $N_A$ - число Авогадро.</p><p>Вычислим количество атомов золота:</p><p>$N_{Au} = \frac{m_{Au}}{M_{Au}} \cdot N_A = \frac{2 \text{ г}}{197 \text{ г/моль}} \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \text{ моль}^{-1} \approx 0.01015 \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \approx 6.11 \cdot 10^{21}$ атомов.</p><p>Вычислим количество атомов серебра:</p><p>$N_{Ag} = \frac{m_{Ag}}{M_{Ag}} \cdot N_A = \frac{8 \text{ г}}{108 \text{ г/моль}} \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \text{ моль}^{-1} \approx 0.07407 \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \approx 4.46 \cdot 10^{22}$ атомов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> в кольце содержится примерно $6.11 \cdot 10^{21}$ атомов золота и $4.46 \cdot 10^{22}$ атомов серебра.</p>"
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№355 (с. 52)
Условие. №355 (с. 52)
скриншот условия
Физика, 10-11 класс Сборник задач, автор: Парфентьева Наталия Андреевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2007, Часть 1, страница 52, номер 355, Условие

355. [289] Кольцо массой 10 г изготовлено из сплава золота и серебра. Сколько атомов золота и серебра содержится в этом кольце, если серебра в нём по массе в 4 раза больше, чем золота?

Решение. №355 (с. 52)

Дано:

Масса кольца, $m_{кольца}$ = 10 г
Соотношение масс, $m_{серебра} = 4 \cdot m_{золота}$
Постоянная Авогадро, $N_A \approx 6.02 \cdot 10^{23}$ моль$^{-1}$
Молярная масса золота (Au), $M_{Au} \approx 197$ г/моль
Молярная масса серебра (Ag), $M_{Ag} \approx 108$ г/моль

Перевод в систему СИ:
$m_{кольца} = 0.01$ кг
$M_{Au} \approx 0.197$ кг/моль
$M_{Ag} \approx 0.108$ кг/моль

Найти:

Число атомов золота, $N_{Au}$ - ?
Число атомов серебра, $N_{Ag}$ - ?

Решение:

1. Найдем массу золота и серебра в кольце.

Пусть масса золота в сплаве равна $m_{Au}$, а масса серебра $m_{Ag}$. Общая масса кольца складывается из массы золота и серебра:

$m_{кольца} = m_{Au} + m_{Ag}$

По условию задачи, масса серебра в 4 раза больше массы золота:

$m_{Ag} = 4 \cdot m_{Au}$

Подставим второе уравнение в первое:

$m_{кольца} = m_{Au} + 4 \cdot m_{Au} = 5 \cdot m_{Au}$

Отсюда можем найти массу золота:

$m_{Au} = \frac{m_{кольца}}{5} = \frac{10 \text{ г}}{5} = 2 \text{ г}$

Теперь найдем массу серебра:

$m_{Ag} = 4 \cdot m_{Au} = 4 \cdot 2 \text{ г} = 8 \text{ г}$

2. Рассчитаем количество атомов золота ($N_{Au}$) и серебра ($N_{Ag}$).

Количество атомов $\text{N}$ можно найти по формуле:

$N = \nu \cdot N_A = \frac{m}{M} \cdot N_A$

где $\nu$ - количество вещества (в молях), $\text{m}$ - масса вещества, $\text{M}$ - молярная масса вещества, $N_A$ - число Авогадро.

Вычислим количество атомов золота:

$N_{Au} = \frac{m_{Au}}{M_{Au}} \cdot N_A = \frac{2 \text{ г}}{197 \text{ г/моль}} \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \text{ моль}^{-1} \approx 0.01015 \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \approx 6.11 \cdot 10^{21}$ атомов.

Вычислим количество атомов серебра:

$N_{Ag} = \frac{m_{Ag}}{M_{Ag}} \cdot N_A = \frac{8 \text{ г}}{108 \text{ г/моль}} \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \text{ моль}^{-1} \approx 0.07407 \cdot 6.02 \cdot 10^{23} \approx 4.46 \cdot 10^{22}$ атомов.

Ответ: в кольце содержится примерно $6.11 \cdot 10^{21}$ атомов золота и $4.46 \cdot 10^{22}$ атомов серебра.

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