Номер 257, страница 77 - гдз по геометрии 10-11 класс учебник Атанасян, Бутузов

Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета

Авторы: Атанасян Л. С., Бутузов В. Ф., Кадомцев С. Б., Позняк Э. Г., Киселёва Л. С.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый и углублённый

Цвет обложки: коричневый с ромбами

ISBN: 978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия

Глава 3. Многогранники. Параграф 2. Пирамида - номер 257, страница 77.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
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  #perPage: 15
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  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 744672
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
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    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/atanasjan-uchebnik/00-257"
    "field_display_title" => "257"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
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            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
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              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
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              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
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        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045
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          #table: "branches"
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049
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                            "id" => 6477
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Геометрия"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                             …4
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [ …10]
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1053
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1054
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1056
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          +timestamps: true
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                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057
                      #items: array:5 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
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                          #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
                          #original: array:12 [ …12]
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1059
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Term {#1060
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                        }
                        3 => App\Models\Term {#1061
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                        }
                        4 => App\Models\Term {#1062
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
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                        }
                      ]
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                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063
                      #items: []
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                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1067
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1069
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071
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                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => "с ромбами"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => "Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия"
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1147"
                    "field_priority" => "12"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-103606-0 (2023)"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
                        "height" => "1661"
                      ]
                    ]
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                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079
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                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/atanasjan-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1083
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                          #table: "terms"
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                          #keyType: "int"
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                        }
                      ]
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                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
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                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051}
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                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063}
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068}
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                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074}
                    "field_publication_number" => "11"
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                    "field_cover_description" => "с ромбами"
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                    "field_part" => ""
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                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => "Математика: алгебра и начала математического анализа, геометрия"
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1147"
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                      0 => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
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                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/geometrija_10/atanasjan-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1739363242"
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                    "field_url" => "/10-klass/geometrija/atanasjan-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082}
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
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          ]
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            "id" => 744380
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_display_title" => "Многогранники"
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            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "63"
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084}
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 744380
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Многогранники"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "63"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 744380
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Многогранники"
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            "field_url" => null
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            "field_branch_covers" => []
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
          ]
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 744382
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1134
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 744382
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
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          ]
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1109
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            "id" => 938906
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1106
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2}
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
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                  ]
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                    "id" => 2315
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            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "744672"
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            "text" => "<p> <b>257.</b> Высота правильной треугольной пирамиды равна <i>h</i>, а двугранный угол при стороне основания равен 45°. Найдите площадь поверхности пирамиды. </p>"
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              ]
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          ]
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              "refs" => "744672"
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        1 => App\Models\Element {#1122
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        2 => App\Models\Element {#1100
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        5 => App\Models\Element {#1143
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "text" => "<p>Площадь полной поверхности пирамиды ($S_{полн}$) равна сумме площади основания ($S_{осн}$) и площади боковой поверхности ($S_{бок}$):</p><p>$S_{полн} = S_{осн} + S_{бок}$</p><p>1. <strong>Найдем элементы пирамиды через высоту h.</strong></p><p>Пусть дана правильная треугольная пирамида SABC, где ABC – равносторонний треугольник в основании, а S – вершина. SO – высота пирамиды, $SO = h$.</p><p>Двугранный угол при стороне основания – это угол между боковой гранью и плоскостью основания. Проведем апофему SM (высоту боковой грани SBC), где M – середина стороны BC. Тогда OM – проекция SM на плоскость основания. Так как пирамида правильная, OM является радиусом вписанной в основание окружности и $OM \perp BC$.</p><p>Линейным углом двугранного угла при ребре BC является угол $\angle SMO$. По условию, $\angle SMO = 45^\circ$.</p><p>Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник $\triangle SOM$ (угол $\angle SOM = 90^\circ$).</p><p>Поскольку один из острых углов равен $45^\circ$, то $\triangle SOM$ является равнобедренным прямоугольным треугольником. Следовательно, его катеты равны: $OM = SO = h$.</p><p>OM – это радиус вписанной в равносторонний треугольник ABC окружности. Пусть сторона основания равна $a$. Формула для радиуса вписанной окружности в равносторонний треугольник: $r = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}}$.</p><p>Так как $OM = r = h$, получаем: $h = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}}$.</p><p>Отсюда выразим сторону основания $a$: $a = 2\sqrt{3}h$.</p><p>Теперь найдем апофему SM, которая является гипотенузой в $\triangle SOM$. По теореме Пифагора:</p><p>$SM^2 = SO^2 + OM^2 = h^2 + h^2 = 2h^2$</p><p>Апофема $SM = \sqrt{2h^2} = h\sqrt{2}$.</p><p>2. <strong>Вычислим площадь основания.</strong></p><p>Основанием является равносторонний треугольник со стороной $a = 2\sqrt{3}h$. Его площадь вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$S_{осн} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(2\sqrt{3}h)^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(4 \cdot 3 \cdot h^2)\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{12h^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = 3h^2\sqrt{3}$.</p><p>3. <strong>Вычислим площадь боковой поверхности.</strong></p><p>Площадь боковой поверхности равна половине произведения периметра основания на апофему.</p><p>Периметр основания $P = 3a = 3 \cdot 2\sqrt{3}h = 6\sqrt{3}h$.</p><p>Апофема $SM = h\sqrt{2}$.</p><p>$S_{бок} = \frac{1}{2} P \cdot SM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6\sqrt{3}h \cdot h\sqrt{2} = 3h^2\sqrt{3 \cdot 2} = 3h^2\sqrt{6}$.</p><p>4. <strong>Вычислим полную площадь поверхности.</strong></p><p>$S_{полн} = S_{осн} + S_{бок} = 3h^2\sqrt{3} + 3h^2\sqrt{6}$.</p><p>Вынесем общий множитель за скобки для более компактной записи:</p><p>$S_{полн} = 3h^2\sqrt{3}(1 + \sqrt{2})$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $3h^2\sqrt{3}(1 + \sqrt{2})$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Площадь полной поверхности пирамиды ($S_{полн}$) равна сумме площади основания ($S_{осн}$) и площади боковой поверхности ($S_{бок}$):</p><p>$S_{полн} = S_{осн} + S_{бок}$</p><p>1. <strong>Найдем элементы пирамиды через высоту h.</strong></p><p>Пусть дана правильная треугольная пирамида SABC, где ABC – равносторонний треугольник в основании, а S – вершина. SO – высота пирамиды, $SO = h$.</p><p>Двугранный угол при стороне основания – это угол между боковой гранью и плоскостью основания. Проведем апофему SM (высоту боковой грани SBC), где M – середина стороны BC. Тогда OM – проекция SM на плоскость основания. Так как пирамида правильная, OM является радиусом вписанной в основание окружности и $OM \perp BC$.</p><p>Линейным углом двугранного угла при ребре BC является угол $\angle SMO$. По условию, $\angle SMO = 45^\circ$.</p><p>Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник $\triangle SOM$ (угол $\angle SOM = 90^\circ$).</p><p>Поскольку один из острых углов равен $45^\circ$, то $\triangle SOM$ является равнобедренным прямоугольным треугольником. Следовательно, его катеты равны: $OM = SO = h$.</p><p>OM – это радиус вписанной в равносторонний треугольник ABC окружности. Пусть сторона основания равна $a$. Формула для радиуса вписанной окружности в равносторонний треугольник: $r = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}}$.</p><p>Так как $OM = r = h$, получаем: $h = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}}$.</p><p>Отсюда выразим сторону основания $a$: $a = 2\sqrt{3}h$.</p><p>Теперь найдем апофему SM, которая является гипотенузой в $\triangle SOM$. По теореме Пифагора:</p><p>$SM^2 = SO^2 + OM^2 = h^2 + h^2 = 2h^2$</p><p>Апофема $SM = \sqrt{2h^2} = h\sqrt{2}$.</p><p>2. <strong>Вычислим площадь основания.</strong></p><p>Основанием является равносторонний треугольник со стороной $a = 2\sqrt{3}h$. Его площадь вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$S_{осн} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(2\sqrt{3}h)^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(4 \cdot 3 \cdot h^2)\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{12h^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = 3h^2\sqrt{3}$.</p><p>3. <strong>Вычислим площадь боковой поверхности.</strong></p><p>Площадь боковой поверхности равна половине произведения периметра основания на апофему.</p><p>Периметр основания $P = 3a = 3 \cdot 2\sqrt{3}h = 6\sqrt{3}h$.</p><p>Апофема $SM = h\sqrt{2}$.</p><p>$S_{бок} = \frac{1}{2} P \cdot SM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6\sqrt{3}h \cdot h\sqrt{2} = 3h^2\sqrt{3 \cdot 2} = 3h^2\sqrt{6}$.</p><p>4. <strong>Вычислим полную площадь поверхности.</strong></p><p>$S_{полн} = S_{осн} + S_{бок} = 3h^2\sqrt{3} + 3h^2\sqrt{6}$.</p><p>Вынесем общий множитель за скобки для более компактной записи:</p><p>$S_{полн} = 3h^2\sqrt{3}(1 + \sqrt{2})$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $3h^2\sqrt{3}(1 + \sqrt{2})$.</p>"
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№257 (с. 77)
Условие. №257 (с. 77)
скриншот условия
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 77, номер 257, Условие

257. Высота правильной треугольной пирамиды равна h, а двугранный угол при стороне основания равен 45°. Найдите площадь поверхности пирамиды.

Решение 2. №257 (с. 77)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 77, номер 257, Решение 2
Решение 3. №257 (с. 77)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 77, номер 257, Решение 3
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 77, номер 257, Решение 3 (продолжение 2)
Решение 4. №257 (с. 77)
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 77, номер 257, Решение 4
Геометрия, 10-11 класс Учебник, авторы: Атанасян Левон Сергеевич, Бутузов Валентин Фёдорович, Кадомцев Сергей Борисович, Позняк Эдуард Генрихович, Киселёва Людмила Сергеевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, коричневого цвета, страница 77, номер 257, Решение 4 (продолжение 2)
Решение 5. №257 (с. 77)
Решение 6. №257 (с. 77)

Площадь полной поверхности пирамиды ($S_{полн}$) равна сумме площади основания ($S_{осн}$) и площади боковой поверхности ($S_{бок}$):

$S_{полн} = S_{осн} + S_{бок}$

1. Найдем элементы пирамиды через высоту h.

Пусть дана правильная треугольная пирамида SABC, где ABC – равносторонний треугольник в основании, а S – вершина. SO – высота пирамиды, $SO = h$.

Двугранный угол при стороне основания – это угол между боковой гранью и плоскостью основания. Проведем апофему SM (высоту боковой грани SBC), где M – середина стороны BC. Тогда OM – проекция SM на плоскость основания. Так как пирамида правильная, OM является радиусом вписанной в основание окружности и $OM \perp BC$.

Линейным углом двугранного угла при ребре BC является угол $\angle SMO$. По условию, $\angle SMO = 45^\circ$.

Рассмотрим прямоугольный треугольник $\triangle SOM$ (угол $\angle SOM = 90^\circ$).

Поскольку один из острых углов равен $45^\circ$, то $\triangle SOM$ является равнобедренным прямоугольным треугольником. Следовательно, его катеты равны: $OM = SO = h$.

OM – это радиус вписанной в равносторонний треугольник ABC окружности. Пусть сторона основания равна $a$. Формула для радиуса вписанной окружности в равносторонний треугольник: $r = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}}$.

Так как $OM = r = h$, получаем: $h = \frac{a}{2\sqrt{3}}$.

Отсюда выразим сторону основания $a$: $a = 2\sqrt{3}h$.

Теперь найдем апофему SM, которая является гипотенузой в $\triangle SOM$. По теореме Пифагора:

$SM^2 = SO^2 + OM^2 = h^2 + h^2 = 2h^2$

Апофема $SM = \sqrt{2h^2} = h\sqrt{2}$.

2. Вычислим площадь основания.

Основанием является равносторонний треугольник со стороной $a = 2\sqrt{3}h$. Его площадь вычисляется по формуле:

$S_{осн} = \frac{a^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(2\sqrt{3}h)^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{(4 \cdot 3 \cdot h^2)\sqrt{3}}{4} = \frac{12h^2\sqrt{3}}{4} = 3h^2\sqrt{3}$.

3. Вычислим площадь боковой поверхности.

Площадь боковой поверхности равна половине произведения периметра основания на апофему.

Периметр основания $P = 3a = 3 \cdot 2\sqrt{3}h = 6\sqrt{3}h$.

Апофема $SM = h\sqrt{2}$.

$S_{бок} = \frac{1}{2} P \cdot SM = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 6\sqrt{3}h \cdot h\sqrt{2} = 3h^2\sqrt{3 \cdot 2} = 3h^2\sqrt{6}$.

4. Вычислим полную площадь поверхности.

$S_{полн} = S_{осн} + S_{бок} = 3h^2\sqrt{3} + 3h^2\sqrt{6}$.

Вынесем общий множитель за скобки для более компактной записи:

$S_{полн} = 3h^2\sqrt{3}(1 + \sqrt{2})$.

Ответ: $3h^2\sqrt{3}(1 + \sqrt{2})$.

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