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Номер 2, страница 53 - гдз по химии 10 класс учебник Еремин, Кузьменко
Авторы: Еремин В. В., Кузьменко Н. Е., Теренин В. И., Дроздов А. А., Лунин В. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
Цвет обложки: белый, зелёный с радугой
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Глава 1. Повторение и углубление знаний. Параграф 7. Классификация химических реакций. Окислительно-восстановительные реакции - номер 2, страница 53.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662853 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "53" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/07-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1077 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662705 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Классификация химических реакций. Окислительно-восстановительные реакции" "field_branch_order" => "7" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "45" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662705 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Классификация химических реакций. Окислительно-восстановительные реакции" "field_branch_order" => "7" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_page_start" => "45" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1210 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 818279 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1211 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662853" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Определите степени окисления элементов по формулам следующих веществ: $N_2O$, $N_2$, $NH_3$, $NO_2$, $HNO_3$, $KNO_3$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $Ca$, $CaH_2$, $CaO$, $CaCO_3$, $H_2$, $H_2O$, $CO_2$, $CF_4$.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "849" "height" => 131 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-07/2-1.webp?ts=1738779461" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 818279 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662853" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Определите степени окисления элементов по формулам следующих веществ: $N_2O$, $N_2$, $NH_3$, $NO_2$, $HNO_3$, $KNO_3$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $Ca$, $CaH_2$, $CaO$, $CaCO_3$, $H_2$, $H_2O$, $CO_2$, $CF_4$.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "849" "height" => 131 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-07/2-1.webp?ts=1738779461" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 818422 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1218 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662853" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2038" "height" => 568 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-07/2-1.webp?ts=1738779510" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 818422 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662853" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2038" "height" => 568 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-07/2-1.webp?ts=1738779510" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1225 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1515261 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1226 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662853" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>N₂O:</strong> В большинстве оксидов степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула электронейтральна, поэтому сумма степеней окисления всех атомов в ней равна 0. Обозначим степень окисления азота (N) как $x$. Составим и решим уравнение: $2 \cdot x + (-2) = 0$, следовательно, $2x = 2$, и $x = +1$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{N_2}\overset{-2}{O}$</p><p><strong>N₂:</strong> Азот (N₂) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления любого элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{0}{N_2}$</p><p><strong>NH₃:</strong> Степень окисления водорода (H) в соединениях с неметаллами обычно равна +1. Молекула аммиака в целом нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 3 \cdot (+1) = 0$, откуда $x = -3$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{-3}{N}\overset{+1}{H_3}$</p><p><strong>NO₂:</strong> Степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула электронейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 2 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+4}{N}\overset{-2}{O_2}$</p><p><strong>HNO₃:</strong> Степень окисления водорода (H) равна +1, а кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула азотной кислоты электронейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+1) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $1 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +5$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{H}\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3}$</p><p><strong>KNO₃:</strong> Калий (K) — щелочной металл, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда +1. Степень окисления кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+1) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $1 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +5$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{K}\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3}$</p><p><strong>Ca(NO₃)₂:</strong> Кальций (Ca) — щелочноземельный металл, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда +2. Степень окисления кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула нитрата кальция нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+2) + 2 \cdot (x + 3 \cdot (-2)) = 0$, откуда $2 + 2x - 12 = 0$, $2x = 10$, и $x = +5$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}(\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3})_2$</p><p><strong>Ca:</strong> Кальций (Ca) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{0}{Ca}$</p><p><strong>CaH₂:</strong> Это гидрид металла. В гидридах степень окисления водорода (H) равна -1. Кальций (Ca) имеет постоянную степень окисления +2. Проверка: $(+2) + 2 \cdot (-1) = 0$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{-1}{H_2}$</p><p><strong>CaO:</strong> Кальций (Ca) имеет степень окисления +2, а кислород (O) — -2. Сумма степеней окисления: $(+2) + (-2) = 0$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{-2}{O}$</p><p><strong>CaCO₃:</strong> Степень окисления кальция (Ca) +2, кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула карбоната кальция нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $(+2) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $2 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-2}{O_3}$</p><p><strong>H₂:</strong> Водород (H₂) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{0}{H_2}$</p><p><strong>H₂O:</strong> Степень окисления водорода (H) +1, а кислорода (O) — -2. Проверка: $2 \cdot (+1) + (-2) = 0$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{H_2}\overset{-2}{O}$</p><p><strong>CO₂:</strong> Степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 2 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-2}{O_2}$</p><p><strong>CF₄:</strong> Фтор (F) — самый электроотрицательный элемент, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда равна -1. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 4 \cdot (-1) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-1}{F_4}$</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1515261 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662853" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>N₂O:</strong> В большинстве оксидов степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула электронейтральна, поэтому сумма степеней окисления всех атомов в ней равна 0. Обозначим степень окисления азота (N) как $x$. Составим и решим уравнение: $2 \cdot x + (-2) = 0$, следовательно, $2x = 2$, и $x = +1$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{N_2}\overset{-2}{O}$</p><p><strong>N₂:</strong> Азот (N₂) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления любого элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{0}{N_2}$</p><p><strong>NH₃:</strong> Степень окисления водорода (H) в соединениях с неметаллами обычно равна +1. Молекула аммиака в целом нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 3 \cdot (+1) = 0$, откуда $x = -3$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{-3}{N}\overset{+1}{H_3}$</p><p><strong>NO₂:</strong> Степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула электронейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 2 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+4}{N}\overset{-2}{O_2}$</p><p><strong>HNO₃:</strong> Степень окисления водорода (H) равна +1, а кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула азотной кислоты электронейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+1) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $1 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +5$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{H}\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3}$</p><p><strong>KNO₃:</strong> Калий (K) — щелочной металл, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда +1. Степень окисления кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+1) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $1 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +5$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{K}\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3}$</p><p><strong>Ca(NO₃)₂:</strong> Кальций (Ca) — щелочноземельный металл, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда +2. Степень окисления кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула нитрата кальция нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+2) + 2 \cdot (x + 3 \cdot (-2)) = 0$, откуда $2 + 2x - 12 = 0$, $2x = 10$, и $x = +5$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}(\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3})_2$</p><p><strong>Ca:</strong> Кальций (Ca) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{0}{Ca}$</p><p><strong>CaH₂:</strong> Это гидрид металла. В гидридах степень окисления водорода (H) равна -1. Кальций (Ca) имеет постоянную степень окисления +2. Проверка: $(+2) + 2 \cdot (-1) = 0$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{-1}{H_2}$</p><p><strong>CaO:</strong> Кальций (Ca) имеет степень окисления +2, а кислород (O) — -2. Сумма степеней окисления: $(+2) + (-2) = 0$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{-2}{O}$</p><p><strong>CaCO₃:</strong> Степень окисления кальция (Ca) +2, кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула карбоната кальция нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $(+2) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $2 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-2}{O_3}$</p><p><strong>H₂:</strong> Водород (H₂) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{0}{H_2}$</p><p><strong>H₂O:</strong> Степень окисления водорода (H) +1, а кислорода (O) — -2. Проверка: $2 \cdot (+1) + (-2) = 0$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+1}{H_2}\overset{-2}{O}$</p><p><strong>CO₂:</strong> Степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 2 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-2}{O_2}$</p><p><strong>CF₄:</strong> Фтор (F) — самый электроотрицательный элемент, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда равна -1. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 4 \cdot (-1) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> $\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-1}{F_4}$</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662854" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662852" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1207 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null 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[] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1234 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1236 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1237 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null …3 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1240 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1242 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1244 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1248 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1250 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1252 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1237} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1258 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1259 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1266 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 925949 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "53" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-53" "field_display_title" => "53" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "53" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1207} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1279 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925950" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925948" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1504 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1514 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1520 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1523 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1541 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 925949 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "53" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-53" "field_display_title" => "53" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "53" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925950" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925948" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1504} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662853 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "53" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/07-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662854" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662852" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925949" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2 (с. 53)
Условие. №2 (с. 53)
скриншот условия
2. Определите степени окисления элементов по формулам следующих веществ: $N_2O$, $N_2$, $NH_3$, $NO_2$, $HNO_3$, $KNO_3$, $Ca(NO_3)_2$, $Ca$, $CaH_2$, $CaO$, $CaCO_3$, $H_2$, $H_2O$, $CO_2$, $CF_4$.
Решение. №2 (с. 53)
Решение 2. №2 (с. 53)
N₂O: В большинстве оксидов степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула электронейтральна, поэтому сумма степеней окисления всех атомов в ней равна 0. Обозначим степень окисления азота (N) как $x$. Составим и решим уравнение: $2 \cdot x + (-2) = 0$, следовательно, $2x = 2$, и $x = +1$.
Ответ: $\overset{+1}{N_2}\overset{-2}{O}$
N₂: Азот (N₂) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления любого элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.
Ответ: $\overset{0}{N_2}$
NH₃: Степень окисления водорода (H) в соединениях с неметаллами обычно равна +1. Молекула аммиака в целом нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 3 \cdot (+1) = 0$, откуда $x = -3$.
Ответ: $\overset{-3}{N}\overset{+1}{H_3}$
NO₂: Степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула электронейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 2 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.
Ответ: $\overset{+4}{N}\overset{-2}{O_2}$
HNO₃: Степень окисления водорода (H) равна +1, а кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула азотной кислоты электронейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+1) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $1 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +5$.
Ответ: $\overset{+1}{H}\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3}$
KNO₃: Калий (K) — щелочной металл, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда +1. Степень окисления кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+1) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $1 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +5$.
Ответ: $\overset{+1}{K}\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3}$
Ca(NO₃)₂: Кальций (Ca) — щелочноземельный металл, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда +2. Степень окисления кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула нитрата кальция нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления азота (N) будет $x$. Тогда $(+2) + 2 \cdot (x + 3 \cdot (-2)) = 0$, откуда $2 + 2x - 12 = 0$, $2x = 10$, и $x = +5$.
Ответ: $\overset{+2}{Ca}(\overset{+5}{N}\overset{-2}{O_3})_2$
Ca: Кальций (Ca) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.
Ответ: $\overset{0}{Ca}$
CaH₂: Это гидрид металла. В гидридах степень окисления водорода (H) равна -1. Кальций (Ca) имеет постоянную степень окисления +2. Проверка: $(+2) + 2 \cdot (-1) = 0$.
Ответ: $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{-1}{H_2}$
CaO: Кальций (Ca) имеет степень окисления +2, а кислород (O) — -2. Сумма степеней окисления: $(+2) + (-2) = 0$.
Ответ: $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{-2}{O}$
CaCO₃: Степень окисления кальция (Ca) +2, кислорода (O) — -2. Молекула карбоната кальция нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $(+2) + x + 3 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $2 + x - 6 = 0$, и $x = +4$.
Ответ: $\overset{+2}{Ca}\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-2}{O_3}$
H₂: Водород (H₂) — это простое вещество. Степень окисления элемента в простом веществе всегда равна нулю.
Ответ: $\overset{0}{H_2}$
H₂O: Степень окисления водорода (H) +1, а кислорода (O) — -2. Проверка: $2 \cdot (+1) + (-2) = 0$.
Ответ: $\overset{+1}{H_2}\overset{-2}{O}$
CO₂: Степень окисления кислорода (O) равна -2. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 2 \cdot (-2) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.
Ответ: $\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-2}{O_2}$
CF₄: Фтор (F) — самый электроотрицательный элемент, его степень окисления в соединениях всегда равна -1. Молекула нейтральна. Пусть степень окисления углерода (C) будет $x$. Тогда $x + 4 \cdot (-1) = 0$, откуда $x - 4 = 0$, и $x = +4$.
Ответ: $\overset{+4}{C}\overset{-1}{F_4}$
Другие задания:
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