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Номер 1, страница 58 - гдз по химии 10 класс учебник Еремин, Кузьменко
Авторы: Еремин В. В., Кузьменко Н. Е., Теренин В. И., Дроздов А. А., Лунин В. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
Цвет обложки: белый, зелёный с радугой
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Глава 1. Повторение и углубление знаний. Параграф 8. Важнейшие классы неорганических веществ. Реакции ионного обмена - номер 1, страница 58.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662864 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/08-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4330 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Еремин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Вадим" "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4330 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Еремин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Вадим" "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4876 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кузьменко" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Егорович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4876 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кузьменко" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Егорович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1050 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1052 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1056 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических веществ. Реакции ионного обмена" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "54" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических веществ. Реакции ионного обмена" "field_branch_order" => "8" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_page_start" => "54" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 818300 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1118 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662864" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Объясните смысл терминов «оксид», «гидроксид», «соль». Какие гидроксиды называют кислотами, а какие — основаниями?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "860" "height" => 106 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-08/1-1.webp?ts=1738779461" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 818300 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662864" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Объясните смысл терминов «оксид», «гидроксид», «соль». Какие гидроксиды называют кислотами, а какие — основаниями?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "860" "height" => 106 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-08/1-1.webp?ts=1738779461" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 818447 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662864" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2042" "height" => 757 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-08/1-1.webp?ts=1738779510" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2038" "height" => 265 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-08/1-2.webp?ts=1738779510" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 818447 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662864" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2042" "height" => 757 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-08/1-1.webp?ts=1738779510" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2038" "height" => 265 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-08/1-2.webp?ts=1738779510" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1132 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1515271 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1134 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662864" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Объясните смысл терминов «оксид», «гидроксид», «соль».</strong></p><p><strong>Оксид</strong> – это сложное вещество, состоящее из двух химических элементов, одним из которых является кислород в степени окисления -2. Общая формула оксидов – $Э_xO_y$, где Э – химический элемент. Оксиды классифицируют на солеобразующие (которые делятся на кислотные, основные и амфотерные) и несолеобразующие.<br><i>Примеры:</i> оксид углерода(IV) $CO_2$ (кислотный), оксид кальция $CaO$ (основный), оксид цинка $ZnO$ (амфотерный), оксид азота(II) $NO$ (несолеобразующий).</p><p><strong>Гидроксид</strong> – это класс сложных неорганических веществ, в состав молекул которых входит одна или несколько гидроксогрупп (–OH), связанных с атомом другого элемента (металла или неметалла). В зависимости от того, с каким элементом связана гидроксогруппа, и от его степени окисления, гидроксиды могут проявлять кислотные, основные или амфотерные свойства. К гидроксидам относятся основания, кислородсодержащие кислоты и амфотерные гидроксиды.<br><i>Примеры:</i> гидроксид натрия $NaOH$ (основание), серная кислота $H_2SO_4$ (кислота), гидроксид алюминия $Al(OH)_3$ (амфотерный гидроксид).</p><p><strong>Соль</strong> – это сложное вещество, которое в водном растворе диссоциирует на катионы металла (или более сложный катион, например, аммония $NH_4^+$) и анионы кислотного остатка. Соли являются продуктами реакции нейтрализации между кислотой и основанием, то есть продуктами полного или частичного замещения атомов водорода в молекуле кислоты на атомы металла, или гидроксогрупп в молекуле основания на кислотные остатки.<br><i>Примеры:</i> хлорид натрия $NaCl$, сульфат меди(II) $CuSO_4$, гидрокарбонат натрия $NaHCO_3$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Оксиды – это бинарные соединения элементов с кислородом ($Э_xO_y$). Гидроксиды – это соединения, содержащие одну или несколько гидроксогрупп (–OH). Соли – это ионные соединения, состоящие из катионов металла (или аммония) и анионов кислотного остатка.</p><p><strong>Какие гидроксиды называют кислотами, а какие – основаниями?</strong></p><p>Разделение гидроксидов на кислоты и основания основано на их способности диссоциировать в водных растворах с образованием ионов водорода $H^+$ или гидроксид-ионов $OH^-$.</p><p><strong>Кислотами</strong> (точнее, кислородсодержащими кислотами) называют гидроксиды, образованные неметаллами, а также металлами в высоких степенях окисления (например, $+5, +6, +7$). В молекулах таких гидроксидов связь между неметаллом и кислородом ($Э–O$) прочнее, чем связь между кислородом и водородом ($O–H$). Поэтому при электролитической диссоциации в воде отщепляется катион водорода ($H^+$).<br><i>Пример:</i> Азотная кислота $HNO_3$ (структурно $N(O)_2(OH)$) диссоциирует в воде:<br>$HNO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + NO_3^-$</p><p><strong>Основаниями</strong> называют гидроксиды, образованные, как правило, металлами в невысоких степенях окисления (чаще всего $+1$ и $+2$). В молекулах оснований связь между металлом и кислородом ($Ме–O$) менее прочная, чем связь $O–H$. Поэтому при диссоциации в воде разрывается связь $Ме–O$ и отщепляется гидроксид-ион ($OH^-$). Растворимые в воде основания называют щелочами.<br><i>Пример:</i> Гидроксид кальция $Ca(OH)_2$ диссоциирует в воде:<br>$Ca(OH)_2 \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+} + 2OH^-$</p><p>Также следует упомянуть <strong>амфотерные гидроксиды</strong> (например, $Zn(OH)_2, Al(OH)_3$), которые в зависимости от условий могут проявлять свойства как кислот (реагируя со щелочами), так и оснований (реагируя с кислотами).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Гидроксиды неметаллов (например, $H_2SO_4$, $H_3PO_4$) называют кислотами, так как они диссоциируют с образованием ионов $H^+$. Гидроксиды металлов (например, $NaOH$, $Fe(OH)_2$) называют основаниями, так как они диссоциируют с образованием ионов $OH^-$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1515271 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662864" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Объясните смысл терминов «оксид», «гидроксид», «соль».</strong></p><p><strong>Оксид</strong> – это сложное вещество, состоящее из двух химических элементов, одним из которых является кислород в степени окисления -2. Общая формула оксидов – $Э_xO_y$, где Э – химический элемент. Оксиды классифицируют на солеобразующие (которые делятся на кислотные, основные и амфотерные) и несолеобразующие.<br><i>Примеры:</i> оксид углерода(IV) $CO_2$ (кислотный), оксид кальция $CaO$ (основный), оксид цинка $ZnO$ (амфотерный), оксид азота(II) $NO$ (несолеобразующий).</p><p><strong>Гидроксид</strong> – это класс сложных неорганических веществ, в состав молекул которых входит одна или несколько гидроксогрупп (–OH), связанных с атомом другого элемента (металла или неметалла). В зависимости от того, с каким элементом связана гидроксогруппа, и от его степени окисления, гидроксиды могут проявлять кислотные, основные или амфотерные свойства. К гидроксидам относятся основания, кислородсодержащие кислоты и амфотерные гидроксиды.<br><i>Примеры:</i> гидроксид натрия $NaOH$ (основание), серная кислота $H_2SO_4$ (кислота), гидроксид алюминия $Al(OH)_3$ (амфотерный гидроксид).</p><p><strong>Соль</strong> – это сложное вещество, которое в водном растворе диссоциирует на катионы металла (или более сложный катион, например, аммония $NH_4^+$) и анионы кислотного остатка. Соли являются продуктами реакции нейтрализации между кислотой и основанием, то есть продуктами полного или частичного замещения атомов водорода в молекуле кислоты на атомы металла, или гидроксогрупп в молекуле основания на кислотные остатки.<br><i>Примеры:</i> хлорид натрия $NaCl$, сульфат меди(II) $CuSO_4$, гидрокарбонат натрия $NaHCO_3$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Оксиды – это бинарные соединения элементов с кислородом ($Э_xO_y$). Гидроксиды – это соединения, содержащие одну или несколько гидроксогрупп (–OH). Соли – это ионные соединения, состоящие из катионов металла (или аммония) и анионов кислотного остатка.</p><p><strong>Какие гидроксиды называют кислотами, а какие – основаниями?</strong></p><p>Разделение гидроксидов на кислоты и основания основано на их способности диссоциировать в водных растворах с образованием ионов водорода $H^+$ или гидроксид-ионов $OH^-$.</p><p><strong>Кислотами</strong> (точнее, кислородсодержащими кислотами) называют гидроксиды, образованные неметаллами, а также металлами в высоких степенях окисления (например, $+5, +6, +7$). В молекулах таких гидроксидов связь между неметаллом и кислородом ($Э–O$) прочнее, чем связь между кислородом и водородом ($O–H$). Поэтому при электролитической диссоциации в воде отщепляется катион водорода ($H^+$).<br><i>Пример:</i> Азотная кислота $HNO_3$ (структурно $N(O)_2(OH)$) диссоциирует в воде:<br>$HNO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + NO_3^-$</p><p><strong>Основаниями</strong> называют гидроксиды, образованные, как правило, металлами в невысоких степенях окисления (чаще всего $+1$ и $+2$). В молекулах оснований связь между металлом и кислородом ($Ме–O$) менее прочная, чем связь $O–H$. Поэтому при диссоциации в воде разрывается связь $Ме–O$ и отщепляется гидроксид-ион ($OH^-$). Растворимые в воде основания называют щелочами.<br><i>Пример:</i> Гидроксид кальция $Ca(OH)_2$ диссоциирует в воде:<br>$Ca(OH)_2 \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+} + 2OH^-$</p><p>Также следует упомянуть <strong>амфотерные гидроксиды</strong> (например, $Zn(OH)_2, Al(OH)_3$), которые в зависимости от условий могут проявлять свойства как кислот (реагируя со щелочами), так и оснований (реагируя с кислотами).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Гидроксиды неметаллов (например, $H_2SO_4$, $H_3PO_4$) называют кислотами, так как они диссоциируют с образованием ионов $H^+$. Гидроксиды металлов (например, $NaOH$, $Fe(OH)_2$) называют основаниями, так как они диссоциируют с образованием ионов $OH^-$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662865" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662863" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1154 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 925954 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "58" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-58" "field_display_title" => "58" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "58" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1157 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => 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№1 (с. 58)
Условие. №1 (с. 58)
скриншот условия
1. Объясните смысл терминов «оксид», «гидроксид», «соль». Какие гидроксиды называют кислотами, а какие — основаниями?
Решение. №1 (с. 58)
Решение 2. №1 (с. 58)
Объясните смысл терминов «оксид», «гидроксид», «соль».
Оксид – это сложное вещество, состоящее из двух химических элементов, одним из которых является кислород в степени окисления -2. Общая формула оксидов – $Э_xO_y$, где Э – химический элемент. Оксиды классифицируют на солеобразующие (которые делятся на кислотные, основные и амфотерные) и несолеобразующие.
Примеры: оксид углерода(IV) $CO_2$ (кислотный), оксид кальция $CaO$ (основный), оксид цинка $ZnO$ (амфотерный), оксид азота(II) $NO$ (несолеобразующий).
Гидроксид – это класс сложных неорганических веществ, в состав молекул которых входит одна или несколько гидроксогрупп (–OH), связанных с атомом другого элемента (металла или неметалла). В зависимости от того, с каким элементом связана гидроксогруппа, и от его степени окисления, гидроксиды могут проявлять кислотные, основные или амфотерные свойства. К гидроксидам относятся основания, кислородсодержащие кислоты и амфотерные гидроксиды.
Примеры: гидроксид натрия $NaOH$ (основание), серная кислота $H_2SO_4$ (кислота), гидроксид алюминия $Al(OH)_3$ (амфотерный гидроксид).
Соль – это сложное вещество, которое в водном растворе диссоциирует на катионы металла (или более сложный катион, например, аммония $NH_4^+$) и анионы кислотного остатка. Соли являются продуктами реакции нейтрализации между кислотой и основанием, то есть продуктами полного или частичного замещения атомов водорода в молекуле кислоты на атомы металла, или гидроксогрупп в молекуле основания на кислотные остатки.
Примеры: хлорид натрия $NaCl$, сульфат меди(II) $CuSO_4$, гидрокарбонат натрия $NaHCO_3$.
Ответ: Оксиды – это бинарные соединения элементов с кислородом ($Э_xO_y$). Гидроксиды – это соединения, содержащие одну или несколько гидроксогрупп (–OH). Соли – это ионные соединения, состоящие из катионов металла (или аммония) и анионов кислотного остатка.
Какие гидроксиды называют кислотами, а какие – основаниями?
Разделение гидроксидов на кислоты и основания основано на их способности диссоциировать в водных растворах с образованием ионов водорода $H^+$ или гидроксид-ионов $OH^-$.
Кислотами (точнее, кислородсодержащими кислотами) называют гидроксиды, образованные неметаллами, а также металлами в высоких степенях окисления (например, $+5, +6, +7$). В молекулах таких гидроксидов связь между неметаллом и кислородом ($Э–O$) прочнее, чем связь между кислородом и водородом ($O–H$). Поэтому при электролитической диссоциации в воде отщепляется катион водорода ($H^+$).
Пример: Азотная кислота $HNO_3$ (структурно $N(O)_2(OH)$) диссоциирует в воде:
$HNO_3 \rightleftharpoons H^+ + NO_3^-$
Основаниями называют гидроксиды, образованные, как правило, металлами в невысоких степенях окисления (чаще всего $+1$ и $+2$). В молекулах оснований связь между металлом и кислородом ($Ме–O$) менее прочная, чем связь $O–H$. Поэтому при диссоциации в воде разрывается связь $Ме–O$ и отщепляется гидроксид-ион ($OH^-$). Растворимые в воде основания называют щелочами.
Пример: Гидроксид кальция $Ca(OH)_2$ диссоциирует в воде:
$Ca(OH)_2 \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+} + 2OH^-$
Также следует упомянуть амфотерные гидроксиды (например, $Zn(OH)_2, Al(OH)_3$), которые в зависимости от условий могут проявлять свойства как кислот (реагируя со щелочами), так и оснований (реагируя с кислотами).
Ответ: Гидроксиды неметаллов (например, $H_2SO_4$, $H_3PO_4$) называют кислотами, так как они диссоциируют с образованием ионов $H^+$. Гидроксиды металлов (например, $NaOH$, $Fe(OH)_2$) называют основаниями, так как они диссоциируют с образованием ионов $OH^-$.
Другие задания:
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ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по химии за 10 класс, для упражнения номер 1 расположенного на странице 58 к учебнику 2023 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по химии к упражнению №1 (с. 58), авторов: Еремин (Вадим Владимирович), Кузьменко (Николай Егорович), Теренин (Владимир Ильич), Дроздов (Андрей Анатольевич), Лунин (Валерий Васильевич), ФГОС (старый) углублённый уровень обучения учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.