gdz.top
Номер 6, страница 77 - гдз по химии 10 класс учебник Еремин, Кузьменко
Авторы: Еремин В. В., Кузьменко Н. Е., Теренин В. И., Дроздов А. А., Лунин В. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
Цвет обложки: белый, зелёный с радугой
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Глава 1. Повторение и углубление знаний. Параграф 11. Гидролиз солей - номер 6, страница 77.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "77" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/11-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662709 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Гидролиз солей" "field_branch_order" => "11" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "73" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Повторение и углубление знаний" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662709 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Гидролиз солей" "field_branch_order" => "11" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_page_start" => "73" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 818374 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662906" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> Какие из предложенных солей ($NaI$, $NH_4Cl$, $KNO_2$, $K_2SiO_3$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2S_3$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, $ZnF_2$):</p><p><strong>а)</strong> гидролизуются по катиону;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> гидролизуются по аниону;</p><p><strong>в)</strong> гидролизуются по катиону и по аниону;</p><p><strong>г)</strong> не гидролизуются?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "849" "height" => 162 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-11/6-1.webp?ts=1738779484" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 818374 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662906" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> Какие из предложенных солей ($NaI$, $NH_4Cl$, $KNO_2$, $K_2SiO_3$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2S_3$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, $ZnF_2$):</p><p><strong>а)</strong> гидролизуются по катиону;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> гидролизуются по аниону;</p><p><strong>в)</strong> гидролизуются по катиону и по аниону;</p><p><strong>г)</strong> не гидролизуются?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "849" "height" => 162 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-11/6-1.webp?ts=1738779484" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 818528 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1161 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662906" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1352" "height" => 466 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-11/6-1.webp?ts=1738779537" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 818528 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662906" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1352" "height" => 466 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-11/6-1.webp?ts=1738779537" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1167 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1515311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1169 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662906" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Гидролиз солей — это взаимодействие ионов соли с водой, приводящее к образованию слабого электролита (слабой кислоты или слабого основания) и изменению pH среды. Тип гидролиза зависит от силы кислоты и основания, из которых образована соль.</p><p><strong>а) гидролизуются по катиону</strong></p><p>Гидролизу по катиону подвергаются соли, образованные слабым основанием и сильной кислотой. В водном растворе таких солей катион слабого основания взаимодействует с водой, что приводит к образованию ионов $H^+$ и созданию кислой среды ($pH < 7$).</p><ul><li><p><span>$NH_4Cl$ (хлорид аммония) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $NH_4OH$ (гидроксид аммония) и сильной кислотой $HCl$ (соляная кислота). Гидролиз протекает по катиону аммония $NH_4^+$:</span><br><span>$NH_4^+ + H_2O \rightleftharpoons NH_3 \cdot H_2O + H^+$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$ZnSO_4$ (сульфат цинка) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Zn(OH)_2$ (гидроксид цинка) и сильной кислотой $H_2SO_4$ (серная кислота). Гидролиз протекает по катиону цинка $Zn^{2+}$:</span><br><span>$Zn^{2+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons ZnOH^+ + H^+$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$Al_2(SO_4)_3$ (сульфат алюминия) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Al(OH)_3$ (гидроксид алюминия) и сильной кислотой $H_2SO_4$. Гидролиз протекает по катиону алюминия $Al^{3+}$:</span><br><span>$Al^{3+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons AlOH^{2+} + H^+$</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $NH_4Cl, ZnSO_4, Al_2(SO_4)_3$.</p><p><strong>б) гидролизуются по аниону</strong></p><p>Гидролизу по аниону подвергаются соли, образованные сильным основанием и слабой кислотой. В водном растворе анион слабой кислоты взаимодействует с водой, что приводит к образованию ионов $OH^-$ и созданию щелочной среды ($pH > 7$).</p><ul><li><p><span>$KNO_2$ (нитрит калия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $KOH$ (гидроксид калия) и слабой кислотой $HNO_2$ (азотистая кислота). Гидролиз протекает по нитрит-аниону $NO_2^-$:</span><br><span>$NO_2^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HNO_2 + OH^-$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$K_2SiO_3$ (силикат калия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $KOH$ и слабой кислотой $H_2SiO_3$ (кремниевая кислота). Гидролиз протекает по силикат-аниону $SiO_3^{2-}$:</span><br><span>$SiO_3^{2-} + 2H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_2SiO_3 \downarrow + 2OH^-$</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $KNO_2, K_2SiO_3$.</p><p><strong>в) гидролизуются по катиону и по аниону</strong></p><p>Совместному гидролизу подвергаются соли, образованные слабым основанием и слабой кислотой. В этом случае с водой взаимодействуют и катион, и анион. Реакция среды зависит от относительной силы образующихся кислоты и основания.</p><ul><li><p><span>$Al_2S_3$ (сульфид алюминия) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Al(OH)_3$ и слабой кислотой $H_2S$ (сероводородная кислота). Эта соль подвергается полному и необратимому гидролизу, так как оба продукта реакции являются нерастворимыми или летучими веществами.</span><br><span>$Al_2S_3 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3 \downarrow + 3H_2S \uparrow$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$ZnF_2$ (фторид цинка) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Zn(OH)_2$ и слабой кислотой $HF$ (фтороводородная кислота). Гидролиз идет одновременно по катиону $Zn^{2+}$ и аниону $F^-$:</span><br><span>$Zn^{2+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons ZnOH^+ + H^+$</span><br><span>$F^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HF + OH^-$</span><br><span>Суммарное уравнение: $Zn^{2+} + 2F^- + 2H_2O \rightleftharpoons Zn(OH)_2 \downarrow + 2HF$</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $Al_2S_3, ZnF_2$.</p><p><strong>г) не гидролизуются</strong></p><p>Не подвергаются гидролизу соли, образованные сильным основанием и сильной кислотой. Ионы таких солей не взаимодействуют с водой, и среда раствора остается нейтральной ($pH = 7$).</p><ul><li><p><span>$NaI$ (йодид натрия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $NaOH$ (гидроксид натрия) и сильной кислотой $HI$ (йодоводородная кислота). Оба иона, $Na^+$ и $I^-$, являются ионами сильных электролитов и не вступают в реакцию с водой.</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $NaI$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1515311 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662906" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Гидролиз солей — это взаимодействие ионов соли с водой, приводящее к образованию слабого электролита (слабой кислоты или слабого основания) и изменению pH среды. Тип гидролиза зависит от силы кислоты и основания, из которых образована соль.</p><p><strong>а) гидролизуются по катиону</strong></p><p>Гидролизу по катиону подвергаются соли, образованные слабым основанием и сильной кислотой. В водном растворе таких солей катион слабого основания взаимодействует с водой, что приводит к образованию ионов $H^+$ и созданию кислой среды ($pH < 7$).</p><ul><li><p><span>$NH_4Cl$ (хлорид аммония) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $NH_4OH$ (гидроксид аммония) и сильной кислотой $HCl$ (соляная кислота). Гидролиз протекает по катиону аммония $NH_4^+$:</span><br><span>$NH_4^+ + H_2O \rightleftharpoons NH_3 \cdot H_2O + H^+$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$ZnSO_4$ (сульфат цинка) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Zn(OH)_2$ (гидроксид цинка) и сильной кислотой $H_2SO_4$ (серная кислота). Гидролиз протекает по катиону цинка $Zn^{2+}$:</span><br><span>$Zn^{2+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons ZnOH^+ + H^+$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$Al_2(SO_4)_3$ (сульфат алюминия) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Al(OH)_3$ (гидроксид алюминия) и сильной кислотой $H_2SO_4$. Гидролиз протекает по катиону алюминия $Al^{3+}$:</span><br><span>$Al^{3+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons AlOH^{2+} + H^+$</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $NH_4Cl, ZnSO_4, Al_2(SO_4)_3$.</p><p><strong>б) гидролизуются по аниону</strong></p><p>Гидролизу по аниону подвергаются соли, образованные сильным основанием и слабой кислотой. В водном растворе анион слабой кислоты взаимодействует с водой, что приводит к образованию ионов $OH^-$ и созданию щелочной среды ($pH > 7$).</p><ul><li><p><span>$KNO_2$ (нитрит калия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $KOH$ (гидроксид калия) и слабой кислотой $HNO_2$ (азотистая кислота). Гидролиз протекает по нитрит-аниону $NO_2^-$:</span><br><span>$NO_2^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HNO_2 + OH^-$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$K_2SiO_3$ (силикат калия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $KOH$ и слабой кислотой $H_2SiO_3$ (кремниевая кислота). Гидролиз протекает по силикат-аниону $SiO_3^{2-}$:</span><br><span>$SiO_3^{2-} + 2H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_2SiO_3 \downarrow + 2OH^-$</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $KNO_2, K_2SiO_3$.</p><p><strong>в) гидролизуются по катиону и по аниону</strong></p><p>Совместному гидролизу подвергаются соли, образованные слабым основанием и слабой кислотой. В этом случае с водой взаимодействуют и катион, и анион. Реакция среды зависит от относительной силы образующихся кислоты и основания.</p><ul><li><p><span>$Al_2S_3$ (сульфид алюминия) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Al(OH)_3$ и слабой кислотой $H_2S$ (сероводородная кислота). Эта соль подвергается полному и необратимому гидролизу, так как оба продукта реакции являются нерастворимыми или летучими веществами.</span><br><span>$Al_2S_3 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3 \downarrow + 3H_2S \uparrow$</span></p></li><li><p><span>$ZnF_2$ (фторид цинка) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Zn(OH)_2$ и слабой кислотой $HF$ (фтороводородная кислота). Гидролиз идет одновременно по катиону $Zn^{2+}$ и аниону $F^-$:</span><br><span>$Zn^{2+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons ZnOH^+ + H^+$</span><br><span>$F^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HF + OH^-$</span><br><span>Суммарное уравнение: $Zn^{2+} + 2F^- + 2H_2O \rightleftharpoons Zn(OH)_2 \downarrow + 2HF$</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $Al_2S_3, ZnF_2$.</p><p><strong>г) не гидролизуются</strong></p><p>Не подвергаются гидролизу соли, образованные сильным основанием и сильной кислотой. Ионы таких солей не взаимодействуют с водой, и среда раствора остается нейтральной ($pH = 7$).</p><ul><li><p><span>$NaI$ (йодид натрия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $NaOH$ (гидроксид натрия) и сильной кислотой $HI$ (йодоводородная кислота). Оба иона, $Na^+$ и $I^-$, являются ионами сильных электролитов и не вступают в реакцию с водой.</span></p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $NaI$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662907" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662905" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1176 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 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"id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1201 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1203 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1188} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1209 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1210 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1478 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1214 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 925973 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "77" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-77" "field_display_title" => "77" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "77" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1219 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null …3 ] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1256 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925974" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925972" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1265 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1411 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1424 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1437 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1450 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1463 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 925973 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "77" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-77" "field_display_title" => "77" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "77" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925974" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925972" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662906 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "77" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/11-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662907" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662905" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "925973" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№6 (с. 77)
Условие. №6 (с. 77)
скриншот условия
6. Какие из предложенных солей ($NaI$, $NH_4Cl$, $KNO_2$, $K_2SiO_3$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2S_3$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, $ZnF_2$):
а) гидролизуются по катиону;
б) гидролизуются по аниону;
в) гидролизуются по катиону и по аниону;
г) не гидролизуются?
Решение. №6 (с. 77)
Решение 2. №6 (с. 77)
Гидролиз солей — это взаимодействие ионов соли с водой, приводящее к образованию слабого электролита (слабой кислоты или слабого основания) и изменению pH среды. Тип гидролиза зависит от силы кислоты и основания, из которых образована соль.
а) гидролизуются по катиону
Гидролизу по катиону подвергаются соли, образованные слабым основанием и сильной кислотой. В водном растворе таких солей катион слабого основания взаимодействует с водой, что приводит к образованию ионов $H^+$ и созданию кислой среды ($pH < 7$).
$NH_4Cl$ (хлорид аммония) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $NH_4OH$ (гидроксид аммония) и сильной кислотой $HCl$ (соляная кислота). Гидролиз протекает по катиону аммония $NH_4^+$:
$NH_4^+ + H_2O \rightleftharpoons NH_3 \cdot H_2O + H^+$$ZnSO_4$ (сульфат цинка) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Zn(OH)_2$ (гидроксид цинка) и сильной кислотой $H_2SO_4$ (серная кислота). Гидролиз протекает по катиону цинка $Zn^{2+}$:
$Zn^{2+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons ZnOH^+ + H^+$$Al_2(SO_4)_3$ (сульфат алюминия) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Al(OH)_3$ (гидроксид алюминия) и сильной кислотой $H_2SO_4$. Гидролиз протекает по катиону алюминия $Al^{3+}$:
$Al^{3+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons AlOH^{2+} + H^+$
Ответ: $NH_4Cl, ZnSO_4, Al_2(SO_4)_3$.
б) гидролизуются по аниону
Гидролизу по аниону подвергаются соли, образованные сильным основанием и слабой кислотой. В водном растворе анион слабой кислоты взаимодействует с водой, что приводит к образованию ионов $OH^-$ и созданию щелочной среды ($pH > 7$).
$KNO_2$ (нитрит калия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $KOH$ (гидроксид калия) и слабой кислотой $HNO_2$ (азотистая кислота). Гидролиз протекает по нитрит-аниону $NO_2^-$:
$NO_2^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HNO_2 + OH^-$$K_2SiO_3$ (силикат калия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $KOH$ и слабой кислотой $H_2SiO_3$ (кремниевая кислота). Гидролиз протекает по силикат-аниону $SiO_3^{2-}$:
$SiO_3^{2-} + 2H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_2SiO_3 \downarrow + 2OH^-$
Ответ: $KNO_2, K_2SiO_3$.
в) гидролизуются по катиону и по аниону
Совместному гидролизу подвергаются соли, образованные слабым основанием и слабой кислотой. В этом случае с водой взаимодействуют и катион, и анион. Реакция среды зависит от относительной силы образующихся кислоты и основания.
$Al_2S_3$ (сульфид алюминия) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Al(OH)_3$ и слабой кислотой $H_2S$ (сероводородная кислота). Эта соль подвергается полному и необратимому гидролизу, так как оба продукта реакции являются нерастворимыми или летучими веществами.
$Al_2S_3 + 6H_2O \rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3 \downarrow + 3H_2S \uparrow$$ZnF_2$ (фторид цинка) — соль, образованная слабым основанием $Zn(OH)_2$ и слабой кислотой $HF$ (фтороводородная кислота). Гидролиз идет одновременно по катиону $Zn^{2+}$ и аниону $F^-$:
$Zn^{2+} + H_2O \rightleftharpoons ZnOH^+ + H^+$
$F^- + H_2O \rightleftharpoons HF + OH^-$
Суммарное уравнение: $Zn^{2+} + 2F^- + 2H_2O \rightleftharpoons Zn(OH)_2 \downarrow + 2HF$
Ответ: $Al_2S_3, ZnF_2$.
г) не гидролизуются
Не подвергаются гидролизу соли, образованные сильным основанием и сильной кислотой. Ионы таких солей не взаимодействуют с водой, и среда раствора остается нейтральной ($pH = 7$).
$NaI$ (йодид натрия) — соль, образованная сильным основанием $NaOH$ (гидроксид натрия) и сильной кислотой $HI$ (йодоводородная кислота). Оба иона, $Na^+$ и $I^-$, являются ионами сильных электролитов и не вступают в реакцию с водой.
Ответ: $NaI$.
Другие задания:
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