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Номер 3, страница 113 - гдз по химии 10 класс учебник Еремин, Кузьменко
Авторы: Еремин В. В., Кузьменко Н. Е., Теренин В. И., Дроздов А. А., Лунин В. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
Цвет обложки: белый, зелёный с радугой
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Глава 2. Основные понятия органической химии. Параграф 17. Структурная изомерия - номер 3, страница 113.
App\Models\Task {#1003 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662960 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1008 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1017 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 662711 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Основные понятия органической химии" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1019 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "86" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1021 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1020 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1025 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5459 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "10" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "desjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1027 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4330 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Еремин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Вадим" "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4330 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Еремин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Вадим" "field_patronymic" => "Владимирович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1030 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4876 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кузьменко" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Егорович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4876 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кузьменко" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Николай" "field_patronymic" => "Егорович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1031 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5912 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Теренин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Ильич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4290 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дроздов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5031 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Лунин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Валерий" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Лунина" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 39 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "углублённый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "uglublennyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1054 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 47 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "зелёный" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "zelyonyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 662711 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Основные понятия органической химии" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022} "field_page_start" => "86" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1101 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 662711 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Основные понятия органической химии" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1019} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "86" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1021} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 662711 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Основные понятия органической химии" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "field_page_start" => "86" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:23 [ "id" => 662716 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Структурная изомерия" "field_branch_order" => "17" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "109" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1021} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1017} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:23 [ "id" => 662716 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Структурная изомерия" "field_branch_order" => "17" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "field_page_start" => "109" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1083 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 818469 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1829 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662960" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> При каком минимальном числе атомов углерода возможна изомерия положения:</p><p><strong>а)</strong> двойной связи;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> атома фтора?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "849" "height" => 100 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-17/3-1.webp?ts=1738779506" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 818469 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662960" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> При каком минимальном числе атомов углерода возможна изомерия положения:</p><p><strong>а)</strong> двойной связи;</p><p><strong>б)</strong> атома фтора?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "849" "height" => 100 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-17/3-1.webp?ts=1738779506" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 818650 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ладыко (Торчило)" "field_moderator" => "vadim" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662960" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1141" "height" => 269 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-17/3-1.webp?ts=1738779566" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 818650 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662960" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1141" "height" => 269 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-17/3-1.webp?ts=1738779566" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1515364 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5553 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662960" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>а) двойной связи</strong></p><p><strong>Решение:</strong><br>Изомерия положения — это явление, при котором соединения имеют одинаковый углеродный скелет и одинаковые функциональные группы, но различаются положением этих групп (в данном случае, кратной связи) в углеродной цепи. Необходимо найти наименьшее число атомов углерода в молекуле алкена, для которого возможна такая изомерия.<br>Рассмотрим алкены, начиная с простейших:<br>1. Этен ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_4$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$. В этой молекуле всего два атома углерода, и двойная связь может располагаться только между ними. Изомеры положения невозможны.<br>2. Пропен ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_6$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$. Углеродная цепь состоит из трех атомов. Двойная связь может быть между первым и вторым атомами ($\text{C}1=\text{C}2$) или между вторым и третьим ($\text{C}2=\text{C}3$). Однако, поскольку нумерация атомов в цепи начинается с того конца, к которому ближе двойная связь, оба варианта описывают одно и то же соединение — пропен (или пропен-1). Следовательно, изомеры положения для пропена невозможны.<br>3. Бутен ($\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$): Рассмотрим неразветвленный углеродный скелет из четырех атомов.<br>- Если двойная связь находится между первым и вторым атомами углерода, получается бутен-1: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$.<br>- Если двойная связь находится между вторым и третьим атомами углерода, получается бутен-2: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$.<br>Бутен-1 и бутен-2 являются изомерами положения, так как у них одинаковая молекулярная формула и одинаковый углеродный скелет, но разное положение двойной связи.<br>Таким образом, минимальное число атомов углерода, необходимое для изомерии положения двойной связи, равно четырем.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> 4</p><p><strong>б) атома фтора</strong></p><p><strong>Решение:</strong><br>Аналогично пункту а), ищем минимальное число атомов углерода в монофторалкане, при котором атом фтора может занимать неэквивалентные положения в углеродной цепи.<br>Рассмотрим монофторалканы, начиная с простейших:<br>1. Фторметан ($\text{CH}_3\text{F}$): В молекуле только один атом углерода, поэтому существует лишь одно возможное положение для атома фтора. Изомеры невозможны.<br>2. Фторэтан ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{F}$): $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2\text{F}$. В цепи из двух атомов углерода оба положения эквивалентны из-за симметрии. Замещение любого атома водорода на фтор приведет к одной и той же молекуле фторэтана. Изомеры положения невозможны.<br>3. Фторпропан ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_7\text{F}$): Рассмотрим неразветвленную цепь из трех атомов углерода.<br>- Если атом фтора связан с крайним (первым или третьим) атомом углерода, получается 1-фторпропан: $\text{CH}_2\text{F}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$.<br>- Если атом фтора связан со средним (вторым) атомом углерода, получается 2-фторпропан: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CHF}-\text{CH}_3$.<br>Положения у первого и второго атомов углерода неэквивалентны. Следовательно, 1-фторпропан и 2-фторпропан являются изомерами положения.<br>Таким образом, минимальное число атомов углерода, необходимое для изомерии положения атома фтора, равно трем.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> 3</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1515364 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662960" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>а) двойной связи</strong></p><p><strong>Решение:</strong><br>Изомерия положения — это явление, при котором соединения имеют одинаковый углеродный скелет и одинаковые функциональные группы, но различаются положением этих групп (в данном случае, кратной связи) в углеродной цепи. Необходимо найти наименьшее число атомов углерода в молекуле алкена, для которого возможна такая изомерия.<br>Рассмотрим алкены, начиная с простейших:<br>1. Этен ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_4$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$. В этой молекуле всего два атома углерода, и двойная связь может располагаться только между ними. Изомеры положения невозможны.<br>2. Пропен ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_6$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$. Углеродная цепь состоит из трех атомов. Двойная связь может быть между первым и вторым атомами ($\text{C}1=\text{C}2$) или между вторым и третьим ($\text{C}2=\text{C}3$). Однако, поскольку нумерация атомов в цепи начинается с того конца, к которому ближе двойная связь, оба варианта описывают одно и то же соединение — пропен (или пропен-1). Следовательно, изомеры положения для пропена невозможны.<br>3. Бутен ($\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$): Рассмотрим неразветвленный углеродный скелет из четырех атомов.<br>- Если двойная связь находится между первым и вторым атомами углерода, получается бутен-1: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$.<br>- Если двойная связь находится между вторым и третьим атомами углерода, получается бутен-2: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$.<br>Бутен-1 и бутен-2 являются изомерами положения, так как у них одинаковая молекулярная формула и одинаковый углеродный скелет, но разное положение двойной связи.<br>Таким образом, минимальное число атомов углерода, необходимое для изомерии положения двойной связи, равно четырем.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> 4</p><p><strong>б) атома фтора</strong></p><p><strong>Решение:</strong><br>Аналогично пункту а), ищем минимальное число атомов углерода в монофторалкане, при котором атом фтора может занимать неэквивалентные положения в углеродной цепи.<br>Рассмотрим монофторалканы, начиная с простейших:<br>1. Фторметан ($\text{CH}_3\text{F}$): В молекуле только один атом углерода, поэтому существует лишь одно возможное положение для атома фтора. Изомеры невозможны.<br>2. Фторэтан ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{F}$): $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2\text{F}$. В цепи из двух атомов углерода оба положения эквивалентны из-за симметрии. Замещение любого атома водорода на фтор приведет к одной и той же молекуле фторэтана. Изомеры положения невозможны.<br>3. Фторпропан ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_7\text{F}$): Рассмотрим неразветвленную цепь из трех атомов углерода.<br>- Если атом фтора связан с крайним (первым или третьим) атомом углерода, получается 1-фторпропан: $\text{CH}_2\text{F}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$.<br>- Если атом фтора связан со средним (вторым) атомом углерода, получается 2-фторпропан: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CHF}-\text{CH}_3$.<br>Положения у первого и второго атомов углерода неэквивалентны. Следовательно, 1-фторпропан и 2-фторпропан являются изомерами положения.<br>Таким образом, минимальное число атомов углерода, необходимое для изомерии положения атома фтора, равно трем.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> 3</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662961" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662959" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1021} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1014 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 926009 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-113" "field_display_title" => "113" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "113" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1021} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1094 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1100408 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1100408 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926010" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926008" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1198 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662958 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662958 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1204 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662959 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662959 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1209 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662960 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662960 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1221 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662961 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662961 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1239 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662962 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662962 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1244 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662963 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662963 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 926009 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-113" "field_display_title" => "113" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "113" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926010" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926008" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662960 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 00:54:11" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "113" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/17-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662961" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "662959" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926009" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№3 (с. 113)
Условие. №3 (с. 113)
скриншот условия
3. При каком минимальном числе атомов углерода возможна изомерия положения:
а) двойной связи;
б) атома фтора?
Решение. №3 (с. 113)
Решение 2. №3 (с. 113)
а) двойной связи
Решение:
Изомерия положения — это явление, при котором соединения имеют одинаковый углеродный скелет и одинаковые функциональные группы, но различаются положением этих групп (в данном случае, кратной связи) в углеродной цепи. Необходимо найти наименьшее число атомов углерода в молекуле алкена, для которого возможна такая изомерия.
Рассмотрим алкены, начиная с простейших:
1. Этен ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_4$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$. В этой молекуле всего два атома углерода, и двойная связь может располагаться только между ними. Изомеры положения невозможны.
2. Пропен ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_6$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$. Углеродная цепь состоит из трех атомов. Двойная связь может быть между первым и вторым атомами ($\text{C}1=\text{C}2$) или между вторым и третьим ($\text{C}2=\text{C}3$). Однако, поскольку нумерация атомов в цепи начинается с того конца, к которому ближе двойная связь, оба варианта описывают одно и то же соединение — пропен (или пропен-1). Следовательно, изомеры положения для пропена невозможны.
3. Бутен ($\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$): Рассмотрим неразветвленный углеродный скелет из четырех атомов.
- Если двойная связь находится между первым и вторым атомами углерода, получается бутен-1: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$.
- Если двойная связь находится между вторым и третьим атомами углерода, получается бутен-2: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_3$.
Бутен-1 и бутен-2 являются изомерами положения, так как у них одинаковая молекулярная формула и одинаковый углеродный скелет, но разное положение двойной связи.
Таким образом, минимальное число атомов углерода, необходимое для изомерии положения двойной связи, равно четырем.
Ответ: 4
б) атома фтора
Решение:
Аналогично пункту а), ищем минимальное число атомов углерода в монофторалкане, при котором атом фтора может занимать неэквивалентные положения в углеродной цепи.
Рассмотрим монофторалканы, начиная с простейших:
1. Фторметан ($\text{CH}_3\text{F}$): В молекуле только один атом углерода, поэтому существует лишь одно возможное положение для атома фтора. Изомеры невозможны.
2. Фторэтан ($\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{F}$): $\text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2\text{F}$. В цепи из двух атомов углерода оба положения эквивалентны из-за симметрии. Замещение любого атома водорода на фтор приведет к одной и той же молекуле фторэтана. Изомеры положения невозможны.
3. Фторпропан ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_7\text{F}$): Рассмотрим неразветвленную цепь из трех атомов углерода.
- Если атом фтора связан с крайним (первым или третьим) атомом углерода, получается 1-фторпропан: $\text{CH}_2\text{F}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3$.
- Если атом фтора связан со средним (вторым) атомом углерода, получается 2-фторпропан: $\text{CH}_3-\text{CHF}-\text{CH}_3$.
Положения у первого и второго атомов углерода неэквивалентны. Следовательно, 1-фторпропан и 2-фторпропан являются изомерами положения.
Таким образом, минимальное число атомов углерода, необходимое для изомерии положения атома фтора, равно трем.
Ответ: 3
Другие задания:
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Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по химии к упражнению №3 (с. 113), авторов: Еремин (Вадим Владимирович), Кузьменко (Николай Егорович), Теренин (Владимир Ильич), Дроздов (Андрей Анатольевич), Лунин (Валерий Васильевич), ФГОС (старый) углублённый уровень обучения учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.