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Номер 3, страница 330 - гдз по химии 10 класс учебник Еремин, Кузьменко
Авторы: Еремин В. В., Кузьменко Н. Е., Теренин В. И., Дроздов А. А., Лунин В. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
Цвет обложки: белый, зелёный с радугой
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 10 классе
Глава 5. Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения. Параграф 57. Шестичленные гетероциклы. Вопросы и задания - номер 3, страница 330.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 663334 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "330" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/57-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1077 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662759 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Шестичленные гетероциклы" "field_branch_order" => "57" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662753 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Азот- и серосодержащие органические соединения" "field_branch_order" => "5" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_page_start" => "300" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662759 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Шестичленные гетероциклы" "field_branch_order" => "57" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1163 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 662760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы и задания" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1166 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} …44 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1202 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 662760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы и задания" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164} "field_page_start" => "326" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1224 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 819163 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1225 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663334" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Напишите уравнения реакций сульфирования и гидрирования пиридина.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "859" "height" => 100 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-57/3-1.webp?ts=1738779676" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 819163 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663334" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Напишите уравнения реакций сульфирования и гидрирования пиридина.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "859" "height" => 100 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/0-57/3-1.webp?ts=1738779676" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1231 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 819436 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1232 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663334" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1237" "height" => 779 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-57/3-1.webp?ts=1738779767" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 819436 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663334" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1237" "height" => 779 "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/1-57/3-1.webp?ts=1738779767" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1239 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1515732 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1240 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663334" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Пиридин ($C_5H_5N$) — это шестичленный ароматический гетероцикл с одним атомом азота. Его химические свойства определяются наличием ароматической π-системы и неподеленной электронной пары у атома азота.</p><p><strong>Сульфирование</strong></p><p>Сульфирование пиридина является реакцией электрофильного ароматического замещения. Атом азота в кольце проявляет сильный электроноакцепторный эффект, что значительно дезактивирует пиридиновое кольцо по отношению к атаке электрофилов. Поэтому реакция сульфирования требует очень жестких условий. Ее проводят с помощью олеума (раствор $SO_3$ в серной кислоте) при высокой температуре (около 230-250°C) и в присутствии катализатора — сульфата ртути(II) ($HgSO_4$). Замещение происходит преимущественно в мета-положение (положение 3) к атому азота, так как положения 2, 4 и 6 (орто- и пара-) дезактивированы в наибольшей степени. Продуктом реакции является пиридин-3-сульфокислота.</p><p>Уравнение реакции:</p><p>$C_5H_5N + SO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4, HgSO_4, 230-250^\circ C} C_5H_4NSO_3H$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $C_5H_5N + SO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4, HgSO_4, t^\circ} C_5H_4NSO_3H$ (пиридин-3-сульфокислота).</p><p><strong>Гидрирование</strong></p><p>Гидрирование пиридина — это реакция восстановления, при которой происходит присоединение водорода по двойным связям ароматического кольца. В результате полного гидрирования ароматическая система разрушается, и образуется насыщенный гетероцикл — пиперидин ($C_5H_{11}N$). Реакция протекает в присутствии типичных катализаторов гидрирования (никель Ренея, платина, палладий) при повышенном давлении и температуре. Для полного насыщения одной молекулы пиридина требуется три молекулы водорода.</p><p>Уравнение реакции:</p><p>$C_5H_5N + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{Ni, p, t^\circ} C_5H_{11}N$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $C_5H_5N + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{катализатор, p, t^\circ} C_5H_{11}N$ (пиперидин).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1515732 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663334" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Пиридин ($C_5H_5N$) — это шестичленный ароматический гетероцикл с одним атомом азота. Его химические свойства определяются наличием ароматической π-системы и неподеленной электронной пары у атома азота.</p><p><strong>Сульфирование</strong></p><p>Сульфирование пиридина является реакцией электрофильного ароматического замещения. Атом азота в кольце проявляет сильный электроноакцепторный эффект, что значительно дезактивирует пиридиновое кольцо по отношению к атаке электрофилов. Поэтому реакция сульфирования требует очень жестких условий. Ее проводят с помощью олеума (раствор $SO_3$ в серной кислоте) при высокой температуре (около 230-250°C) и в присутствии катализатора — сульфата ртути(II) ($HgSO_4$). Замещение происходит преимущественно в мета-положение (положение 3) к атому азота, так как положения 2, 4 и 6 (орто- и пара-) дезактивированы в наибольшей степени. Продуктом реакции является пиридин-3-сульфокислота.</p><p>Уравнение реакции:</p><p>$C_5H_5N + SO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4, HgSO_4, 230-250^\circ C} C_5H_4NSO_3H$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $C_5H_5N + SO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4, HgSO_4, t^\circ} C_5H_4NSO_3H$ (пиридин-3-сульфокислота).</p><p><strong>Гидрирование</strong></p><p>Гидрирование пиридина — это реакция восстановления, при которой происходит присоединение водорода по двойным связям ароматического кольца. В результате полного гидрирования ароматическая система разрушается, и образуется насыщенный гетероцикл — пиперидин ($C_5H_{11}N$). Реакция протекает в присутствии типичных катализаторов гидрирования (никель Ренея, платина, палладий) при повышенном давлении и температуре. Для полного насыщения одной молекулы пиридина требуется три молекулы водорода.</p><p>Уравнение реакции:</p><p>$C_5H_5N + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{Ni, p, t^\circ} C_5H_{11}N$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $C_5H_5N + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{катализатор, p, t^\circ} C_5H_{11}N$ (пиперидин).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663335" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663333" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1221 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1212 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1222 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1216 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1247 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1248 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1250 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1251 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1254 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1256 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1258 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1262 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1264 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1266 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1251} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1272 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1273 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263} "field_publication_number" => "10" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктор химических наук, академика РАН" "field_cover_description" => "с радугой" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "697" "field_priority" => "10" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_10/eremin-u23/" "field_isbn" => null "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_10/eremin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1738768732" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270} "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 381 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 500 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1280 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 926226 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "330" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-330" "field_display_title" => "330" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "330" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1221} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1293 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926227" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926225" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1531 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1545 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1550 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1553 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1558 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1586 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1591 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1605 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 926226 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "330" "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/page-330" "field_display_title" => "330" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "330" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926227" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926225" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1531} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 663334 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "330" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/10-klass/himiya/eremin-uchebnik/57-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663335" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "663333" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "926226" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№3 (с. 330)
Условие. №3 (с. 330)
скриншот условия
3. Напишите уравнения реакций сульфирования и гидрирования пиридина.
Решение. №3 (с. 330)
Решение 2. №3 (с. 330)
Решение
Пиридин ($C_5H_5N$) — это шестичленный ароматический гетероцикл с одним атомом азота. Его химические свойства определяются наличием ароматической π-системы и неподеленной электронной пары у атома азота.
Сульфирование
Сульфирование пиридина является реакцией электрофильного ароматического замещения. Атом азота в кольце проявляет сильный электроноакцепторный эффект, что значительно дезактивирует пиридиновое кольцо по отношению к атаке электрофилов. Поэтому реакция сульфирования требует очень жестких условий. Ее проводят с помощью олеума (раствор $SO_3$ в серной кислоте) при высокой температуре (около 230-250°C) и в присутствии катализатора — сульфата ртути(II) ($HgSO_4$). Замещение происходит преимущественно в мета-положение (положение 3) к атому азота, так как положения 2, 4 и 6 (орто- и пара-) дезактивированы в наибольшей степени. Продуктом реакции является пиридин-3-сульфокислота.
Уравнение реакции:
$C_5H_5N + SO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4, HgSO_4, 230-250^\circ C} C_5H_4NSO_3H$
Ответ: $C_5H_5N + SO_3 \xrightarrow{H_2SO_4, HgSO_4, t^\circ} C_5H_4NSO_3H$ (пиридин-3-сульфокислота).
Гидрирование
Гидрирование пиридина — это реакция восстановления, при которой происходит присоединение водорода по двойным связям ароматического кольца. В результате полного гидрирования ароматическая система разрушается, и образуется насыщенный гетероцикл — пиперидин ($C_5H_{11}N$). Реакция протекает в присутствии типичных катализаторов гидрирования (никель Ренея, платина, палладий) при повышенном давлении и температуре. Для полного насыщения одной молекулы пиридина требуется три молекулы водорода.
Уравнение реакции:
$C_5H_5N + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{Ni, p, t^\circ} C_5H_{11}N$
Ответ: $C_5H_5N + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{катализатор, p, t^\circ} C_5H_{11}N$ (пиперидин).
Другие задания:
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