Номер 3.2, страница 27 - гдз по алгебре 11 класс учебник Абылкасымова, Жумагулова

Алгебра, 11 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Абылкасымова А. Е., Жумагулова З. А.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Мектеп

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Глава I. Первообразная и интеграл. Параграф 3. Определённый интеграл. Формула Ньютона — Лейбница - номер 3.2, страница 27.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 1124866
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "27"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/11-klass/algebra/mektep-abylkasymova1-uchebnik-2019/03-2"
    "field_display_title" => "3.2"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "field_match" => null
    "breadcrumbs" => []
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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          +exists: true
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1124764
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Первообразная и интеграл"
            "field_branch_order" => "I"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Главу"
                      "field_creative_case" => "Главой"
                      "field_dative_case" => "Главе"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Главы"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Глава"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Главу"
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                      "field_dative_case" => "Главе"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Главы"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Глава"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "10"
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            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1057
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4297
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1059
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6471
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алгебра"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "алгебру"
                              "field_creative_case" => "алгеброй"
                              "field_dative_case" => "алгебре"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "алгебры"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "алгебра"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "алгебре"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "algebra"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6471
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алгебра"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "алгебру"
                              "field_creative_case" => "алгеброй"
                              "field_dative_case" => "алгебре"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "алгебры"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "алгебра"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "алгебре"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "algebra"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1061
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5460
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "11"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "одиннадцатый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "одиннадцатым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "одиннадцатому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "одинадцатого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "одинадцатый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "одиннадцатом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5460
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "11"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "одиннадцатый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "одиннадцатым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "одиннадцатому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "одинадцатого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "одинадцатый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "одиннадцатом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
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                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1063
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6996
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Мектеп"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
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                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "mektep"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6996
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Мектеп"
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                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "mektep"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6997
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Абылкасымова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Алма"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Есимбековна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6997
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Абылкасымова"
                            "field_bio" => null
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                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Алма"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Есимбековна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #touches: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1067
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6999
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Жумагулова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Зауре"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абдыкеновна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6999
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Жумагулова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
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                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
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                            "field_name" => "Зауре"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Абдыкеновна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #touches: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
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                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1068
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          +exists: true
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                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "учебник"
                              "field_creative_case" => "учебником"
                              "field_dative_case" => "учебнику"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "учебника"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "учебник"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                              "field_genitive_case" => "учебника"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "учебник"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1071
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6994
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Казахстан"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1073
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 6995
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Алматы"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "almaty"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "530"
                    "field_priority" => "2"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_11/abylkasymova1-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => null
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_11/abylkasymova1-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752223853"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/algebra_11/abylkasymova1-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752223853"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1940"
                        "height" => "2895"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/algebra/mektep-abylkasymova1-uchebnik-2019"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 382
                      "subject" => 542
                      "class_subject" => 388
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4297
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078}
                    "field_publication_number" => null
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Общественно-гуманитарного направления"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "530"
                    "field_priority" => "2"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_11/abylkasymova1-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => null
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/algebra_11/abylkasymova1-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752223853"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/algebra_11/abylkasymova1-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752223853"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1940"
                        "height" => "2895"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/algebra/mektep-abylkasymova1-uchebnik-2019"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 382
                      "subject" => 542
                      "class_subject" => 388
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1124764
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Первообразная и интеграл"
            "field_branch_order" => "I"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "10"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1124764
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Первообразная и интеграл"
            "field_branch_order" => "I"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "10"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1057}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1124764
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Первообразная и интеграл"
            "field_branch_order" => "I"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115}
            "field_page_start" => "10"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1124767
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Определённый интеграл. Формула Ньютона — Лейбница"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1119
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом"
                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом"
                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "24"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1057}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1124767
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Определённый интеграл. Формула Ньютона — Лейбница"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122}
            "field_page_start" => "24"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1097
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1308101
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1087
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 4970
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1063}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 4970
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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            "text" => "<p><strong>3.2. 1)</strong> $\int_1^4 \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx;$</p><p><strong>2)</strong> $\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx;$</p><p><strong>3)</strong> $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx;$</p><p><strong>4)</strong> $\int_9^{16} \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}} dx.$</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1)</strong> Для вычисления определенного интеграла $\int_{1}^{4} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx$ воспользуемся формулой Ньютона-Лейбница: $\int_{a}^{b} f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)$, где $F(x)$ является первообразной для функции $f(x)$.</p><p>Сначала найдем первообразную для $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}$. Для этого представим функцию в виде степени: $f(x) = x^{-1/2}$.</p><p>Первообразная для степенной функции $x^n$ находится по формуле $\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$.</p><p>Для $n = -1/2$, получаем: $F(x) = \frac{x^{-1/2 + 1}}{-1/2 + 1} = \frac{x^{1/2}}{1/2} = 2x^{1/2} = 2\sqrt{x}$.</p><p>Теперь подставляем в формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$\int_{1}^{4} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx = [2\sqrt{x}]_{1}^{4} = 2\sqrt{4} - 2\sqrt{1} = 2 \cdot 2 - 2 \cdot 1 = 4 - 2 = 2$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $2$.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> Для вычисления интеграла $\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx$ найдем первообразную для подынтегральной функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sin^2 x}$.</p><p>Это табличный интеграл, первообразная для которого равна $F(x) = -\cot x$.</p><p>Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx = [-\cot x]_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} = (-\cot(\frac{\pi}{3})) - (-\cot(\frac{\pi}{4})) = -\cot(\frac{\pi}{3}) + \cot(\frac{\pi}{4})$.</p><p>Зная значения котангенса: $\cot(\frac{\pi}{3}) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$ и $\cot(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 1$.</p><p>Подставляем и вычисляем: $-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} + 1 = 1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.</p><p><strong>3)</strong> Вычислим интеграл $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx$.</p><p>Первообразная для подынтегральной функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\cos^2 x}$ является табличной: $F(x) = \tan x$.</p><p>Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx = [\tan x]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} = \tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) - \tan(0)$.</p><p>Значения тангенса: $\tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 1$ и $\tan(0) = 0$.</p><p>Подставляем и вычисляем: $1 - 0 = 1$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $1$.</p><p><strong>4)</strong> Вычислим интеграл $\int_{9}^{16} \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}} dx$.</p><p>Вынесем постоянный множитель 3 за знак интеграла: $3 \int_{9}^{16} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx$.</p><p>Первообразная для функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} = x^{-1/2}$ равна $F(x) = 2\sqrt{x}$ (как в пункте 1).</p><p>Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$3 \int_{9}^{16} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx = 3 \cdot [2\sqrt{x}]_{9}^{16} = 3 \cdot (2\sqrt{16} - 2\sqrt{9})$.</p><p>Вычисляем значения корней: $\sqrt{16} = 4$ и $\sqrt{9} = 3$.</p><p>Подставляем и вычисляем: $3 \cdot (2 \cdot 4 - 2 \cdot 3) = 3 \cdot (8 - 6) = 3 \cdot 2 = 6$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $6$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>1)</strong> Для вычисления определенного интеграла $\int_{1}^{4} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx$ воспользуемся формулой Ньютона-Лейбница: $\int_{a}^{b} f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)$, где $F(x)$ является первообразной для функции $f(x)$.</p><p>Сначала найдем первообразную для $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}$. Для этого представим функцию в виде степени: $f(x) = x^{-1/2}$.</p><p>Первообразная для степенной функции $x^n$ находится по формуле $\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$.</p><p>Для $n = -1/2$, получаем: $F(x) = \frac{x^{-1/2 + 1}}{-1/2 + 1} = \frac{x^{1/2}}{1/2} = 2x^{1/2} = 2\sqrt{x}$.</p><p>Теперь подставляем в формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$\int_{1}^{4} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx = [2\sqrt{x}]_{1}^{4} = 2\sqrt{4} - 2\sqrt{1} = 2 \cdot 2 - 2 \cdot 1 = 4 - 2 = 2$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $2$.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> Для вычисления интеграла $\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx$ найдем первообразную для подынтегральной функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sin^2 x}$.</p><p>Это табличный интеграл, первообразная для которого равна $F(x) = -\cot x$.</p><p>Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx = [-\cot x]_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} = (-\cot(\frac{\pi}{3})) - (-\cot(\frac{\pi}{4})) = -\cot(\frac{\pi}{3}) + \cot(\frac{\pi}{4})$.</p><p>Зная значения котангенса: $\cot(\frac{\pi}{3}) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$ и $\cot(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 1$.</p><p>Подставляем и вычисляем: $-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} + 1 = 1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.</p><p><strong>3)</strong> Вычислим интеграл $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx$.</p><p>Первообразная для подынтегральной функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\cos^2 x}$ является табличной: $F(x) = \tan x$.</p><p>Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx = [\tan x]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} = \tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) - \tan(0)$.</p><p>Значения тангенса: $\tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 1$ и $\tan(0) = 0$.</p><p>Подставляем и вычисляем: $1 - 0 = 1$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $1$.</p><p><strong>4)</strong> Вычислим интеграл $\int_{9}^{16} \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}} dx$.</p><p>Вынесем постоянный множитель 3 за знак интеграла: $3 \int_{9}^{16} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx$.</p><p>Первообразная для функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} = x^{-1/2}$ равна $F(x) = 2\sqrt{x}$ (как в пункте 1).</p><p>Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:</p><p>$3 \int_{9}^{16} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx = 3 \cdot [2\sqrt{x}]_{9}^{16} = 3 \cdot (2\sqrt{16} - 2\sqrt{9})$.</p><p>Вычисляем значения корней: $\sqrt{16} = 4$ и $\sqrt{9} = 3$.</p><p>Подставляем и вычисляем: $3 \cdot (2 \cdot 4 - 2 \cdot 3) = 3 \cdot (8 - 6) = 3 \cdot 2 = 6$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $6$.</p>"
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                    }
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201
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                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114}
                      ]
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                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202
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                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114}
                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118}
                      ]
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                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204
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                        0 => App\Models\Element {#1213
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                          #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                          #original: array:7 [ …7]
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                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#1215
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "next" => array:2 [
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                    "previous" => array:2 [
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Book {#1057}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "page" => array:2 [
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#1205
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208
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                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114}
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206
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                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#1097}
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#1095}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207}
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Task {#1217
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #attributes: array:24 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_display_title" => "3.3"
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                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218
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                      ]
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                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114}
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                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221
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                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114}
                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#1232
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#1234
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "elements"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: true
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                           …23
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Book {#1057}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1100005"
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                    "field_display_title" => "3.3"
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221}
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                3 => App\Models\Task {#1224
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
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                  #keyType: "int"
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                        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114}
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225
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                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Element {#1244 …30}
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#1246 …30}
                      ]
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241
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                    0 => "*"
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                4 => App\Models\Task {#1236
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                  #keyType: "int"
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                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1118}
                      ]
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                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238
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                        0 => App\Models\Element {#1256 …30}
                        1 => App\Models\Element {#1258 …30}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253
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                    0 => "*"
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№3.2 (с. 27)
Условие. №3.2 (с. 27)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 11 класс Учебник, авторы: Абылкасымова Алма Есимбековна, Жумагулова Зауре Абдыкеновна, издательство Мектеп, Алматы, 2019, страница 27, номер 3.2, Условие

3.2. 1) $\int_1^4 \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx;$

2) $\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx;$

3) $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx;$

4) $\int_9^{16} \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}} dx.$

Решение 2 (rus). №3.2 (с. 27)

1) Для вычисления определенного интеграла $\int_{1}^{4} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx$ воспользуемся формулой Ньютона-Лейбница: $\int_{a}^{b} f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)$, где $F(x)$ является первообразной для функции $f(x)$.

Сначала найдем первообразную для $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}$. Для этого представим функцию в виде степени: $f(x) = x^{-1/2}$.

Первообразная для степенной функции $x^n$ находится по формуле $\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C$.

Для $n = -1/2$, получаем: $F(x) = \frac{x^{-1/2 + 1}}{-1/2 + 1} = \frac{x^{1/2}}{1/2} = 2x^{1/2} = 2\sqrt{x}$.

Теперь подставляем в формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:

$\int_{1}^{4} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx = [2\sqrt{x}]_{1}^{4} = 2\sqrt{4} - 2\sqrt{1} = 2 \cdot 2 - 2 \cdot 1 = 4 - 2 = 2$.

Ответ: $2$.

2) Для вычисления интеграла $\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx$ найдем первообразную для подынтегральной функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sin^2 x}$.

Это табличный интеграл, первообразная для которого равна $F(x) = -\cot x$.

Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:

$\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{1}{\sin^2 x} dx = [-\cot x]_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} = (-\cot(\frac{\pi}{3})) - (-\cot(\frac{\pi}{4})) = -\cot(\frac{\pi}{3}) + \cot(\frac{\pi}{4})$.

Зная значения котангенса: $\cot(\frac{\pi}{3}) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$ и $\cot(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 1$.

Подставляем и вычисляем: $-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} + 1 = 1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.

Ответ: $1 - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.

3) Вычислим интеграл $\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx$.

Первообразная для подынтегральной функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\cos^2 x}$ является табличной: $F(x) = \tan x$.

Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:

$\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} dx = [\tan x]_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} = \tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) - \tan(0)$.

Значения тангенса: $\tan(\frac{\pi}{4}) = 1$ и $\tan(0) = 0$.

Подставляем и вычисляем: $1 - 0 = 1$.

Ответ: $1$.

4) Вычислим интеграл $\int_{9}^{16} \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}} dx$.

Вынесем постоянный множитель 3 за знак интеграла: $3 \int_{9}^{16} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx$.

Первообразная для функции $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} = x^{-1/2}$ равна $F(x) = 2\sqrt{x}$ (как в пункте 1).

Применим формулу Ньютона-Лейбница:

$3 \int_{9}^{16} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}} dx = 3 \cdot [2\sqrt{x}]_{9}^{16} = 3 \cdot (2\sqrt{16} - 2\sqrt{9})$.

Вычисляем значения корней: $\sqrt{16} = 4$ и $\sqrt{9} = 3$.

Подставляем и вычисляем: $3 \cdot (2 \cdot 4 - 2 \cdot 3) = 3 \cdot (8 - 6) = 3 \cdot 2 = 6$.

Ответ: $6$.

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