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Подумайте, страница 230 - гдз по биологии 11 класс учебник Пасечник, Каменский
Авторы: Пасечник В. В., Каменский А. А., Рубцов А. М., Швецов Г. Г., Абовян Л. А., Гапонюк З. Г.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: линия жизни
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
Уровень обучения: углублённый
ISBN: 978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 11 классе
Глава 3. Биосферный уровень. Параграф 32. Эволюция биосферы. Зарождение жизни. Проверьте себя - страница 230.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1451341 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "230" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/32-3-1" "field_display_title" => "Подумайте" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#342 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1451000 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Биосферный уровень" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#333 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "211" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1030 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1451000 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Биосферный уровень" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_page_start" => "211" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#342} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1451007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Эволюция биосферы. Зарождение жизни" "field_branch_order" => "32" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "227" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1109 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1451000 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Биосферный уровень" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_page_start" => "211" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1451000 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Биосферный уровень" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_page_start" => "211" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1451007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Эволюция биосферы. Зарождение жизни" "field_branch_order" => "32" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_page_start" => "227" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1114 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1451009 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Проверьте себя" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "230" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1451007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Эволюция биосферы. Зарождение жизни" "field_branch_order" => "32" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_page_start" => "227" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1451007 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Эволюция биосферы. Зарождение жизни" "field_branch_order" => "32" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_page_start" => "227" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1451009 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Проверьте себя" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115} "field_page_start" => "230" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1164 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1741848 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1166 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6254 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6254 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451341" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>ПОДУМАЙТЕ</strong></p><p>Какие важнейшие события в эволюции биосферы произошли в начальный период зарождения и развития жизни?</p><p>Какие изменения, происходившие в биосфере, повлияли на развитие человеческого общества? Ответ проиллюстрируйте примерами.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "884" "height" => 207 "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/0-32-3/1-1.webp?ts=1760354574" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1741848 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451341" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>ПОДУМАЙТЕ</strong></p><p>Какие важнейшие события в эволюции биосферы произошли в начальный период зарождения и развития жизни?</p><p>Какие изменения, происходившие в биосфере, повлияли на развитие человеческого общества? Ответ проиллюстрируйте примерами.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "884" "height" => 207 "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/0-32-3/1-1.webp?ts=1760354574" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1172 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1742101 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1174 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6255 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Инна" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6255 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Инна" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451341" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1942" "height" => 1251 "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/1-32-3/1-1.webp?ts=1760354716" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1926" "height" => 2376 "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/1-32-3/1-2.webp?ts=1760354716" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1742101 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451341" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1942" "height" => 1251 "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/1-32-3/1-1.webp?ts=1760354716" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1926" "height" => 2376 "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/1-32-3/1-2.webp?ts=1760354716" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1180 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1833198 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1182 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6751 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6751 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451341" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> В начальный период зарождения и развития жизни важнейшими событиями в эволюции биосферы стали:</p><p><em>- Абиогенный синтез органических молекул</em>, создавший «первичный бульон» для возникновения жизни.</p><p><em>- Появление первых живых организмов (прокариот)</em>, которые использовали готовые органические вещества и не нуждались в кислороде.</p><p><em>- Возникновение фотосинтеза у цианобактерий.</em> Это привело к выделению в атмосферу свободного кислорода.</p><p><em>- «Кислородная катастрофа».</em> Накопление кислорода в атмосфере привело к вымиранию большинства анаэробных организмов и способствовало появлению организмов с кислородным (аэробным) типом дыхания, что дало мощный толчок для дальнейшей эволюции.</p><p><em>- Появление эукариот, полового процесса и многоклеточности.</em> Это усложнило организацию живых существ и ускорило темпы эволюции.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Изменения в биосфере, повлиявшие на развитие человеческого общества:</p><p><em>- Климатические колебания.</em> Например, наступление ледниковых периодов заставляло древних людей адаптироваться: создавать более тёплую одежду, строить надёжные жилища, совершенствовать коллективную охоту на крупных животных (мамонтов), что способствовало развитию социальных связей и мышления.</p><p><em>- Изменение флоры и фауны после окончания ледникового периода.</em> Появление и распространение диких злаков и одомашнивание определённых видов животных привели к <em>неолитической революции</em> — переходу от присваивающего хозяйства (охота и собирательство) к производящему (земледелие и скотоводство). Это вызвало рост населения, появление поселений и, в конечном итоге, цивилизаций.</p><p><em>- Географическое распределение природных ресурсов.</em> Наличие плодородных почв, источников пресной воды, месторождений полезных ископаемых определяло места возникновения и пути развития цивилизаций. Например, доступ к залежам медных и оловянных руд положил начало <em>Бронзовому веку</em>, а освоение железа — <em>Железному веку</em>, что изменило военное дело и сельское хозяйство. Промышленная революция XVIII–XIX веков стала возможной благодаря огромным запасам угля и железной руды.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1833198 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451341" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> В начальный период зарождения и развития жизни важнейшими событиями в эволюции биосферы стали:</p><p><em>- Абиогенный синтез органических молекул</em>, создавший «первичный бульон» для возникновения жизни.</p><p><em>- Появление первых живых организмов (прокариот)</em>, которые использовали готовые органические вещества и не нуждались в кислороде.</p><p><em>- Возникновение фотосинтеза у цианобактерий.</em> Это привело к выделению в атмосферу свободного кислорода.</p><p><em>- «Кислородная катастрофа».</em> Накопление кислорода в атмосфере привело к вымиранию большинства анаэробных организмов и способствовало появлению организмов с кислородным (аэробным) типом дыхания, что дало мощный толчок для дальнейшей эволюции.</p><p><em>- Появление эукариот, полового процесса и многоклеточности.</em> Это усложнило организацию живых существ и ускорило темпы эволюции.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Изменения в биосфере, повлиявшие на развитие человеческого общества:</p><p><em>- Климатические колебания.</em> Например, наступление ледниковых периодов заставляло древних людей адаптироваться: создавать более тёплую одежду, строить надёжные жилища, совершенствовать коллективную охоту на крупных животных (мамонтов), что способствовало развитию социальных связей и мышления.</p><p><em>- Изменение флоры и фауны после окончания ледникового периода.</em> Появление и распространение диких злаков и одомашнивание определённых видов животных привели к <em>неолитической революции</em> — переходу от присваивающего хозяйства (охота и собирательство) к производящему (земледелие и скотоводство). Это вызвало рост населения, появление поселений и, в конечном итоге, цивилизаций.</p><p><em>- Географическое распределение природных ресурсов.</em> Наличие плодородных почв, источников пресной воды, месторождений полезных ископаемых определяло места возникновения и пути развития цивилизаций. Например, доступ к залежам медных и оловянных руд положил начало <em>Бронзовому веку</em>, а освоение железа — <em>Железному веку</em>, что изменило военное дело и сельское хозяйство. Промышленная революция XVIII–XIX веков стала возможной благодаря огромным запасам угля и железной руды.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451342" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451340" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1189 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1191 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6475 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Биология" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "biologiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6475 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Биология" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "biologiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1193 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5460 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "11" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5460 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "11" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1195 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1197 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5420 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пасечник" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5420 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пасечник" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1198 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4539 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Каменский" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4539 …11 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1199 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1200 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1201 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Term {#1202 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1205 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1207 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1209 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1211 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ …8] #original: array:8 [ …8] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1214 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1216 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1218 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1197} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759691562" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759691562" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1584" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 382 "subject" => 552 "class_subject" => 462 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2964 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "387" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759691562" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/biologija_11/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759691562" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1584" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 382 "subject" => 552 "class_subject" => 462 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1247 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1246 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1451666 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "230" "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-230" "field_display_title" => "230" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "230" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1249 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ …50] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1285 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451667" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451665" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2540 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1294 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1536 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1737 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1938 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#2139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#2340 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1451666 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "230" "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-230" "field_display_title" => "230" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "230" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451667" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451665" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2540} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1451341 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "230" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/32-3-1" "field_display_title" => "Подумайте" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451342" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451340" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1451666" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
Подумайте (с. 230)
Условие. Подумайте (с. 230)
скриншот условия
ПОДУМАЙТЕ
Какие важнейшие события в эволюции биосферы произошли в начальный период зарождения и развития жизни?
Какие изменения, происходившие в биосфере, повлияли на развитие человеческого общества? Ответ проиллюстрируйте примерами.
Решение 1. Подумайте (с. 230)
Решение 2. Подумайте (с. 230)
1. В начальный период зарождения и развития жизни важнейшими событиями в эволюции биосферы стали:
- Абиогенный синтез органических молекул, создавший «первичный бульон» для возникновения жизни.
- Появление первых живых организмов (прокариот), которые использовали готовые органические вещества и не нуждались в кислороде.
- Возникновение фотосинтеза у цианобактерий. Это привело к выделению в атмосферу свободного кислорода.
- «Кислородная катастрофа». Накопление кислорода в атмосфере привело к вымиранию большинства анаэробных организмов и способствовало появлению организмов с кислородным (аэробным) типом дыхания, что дало мощный толчок для дальнейшей эволюции.
- Появление эукариот, полового процесса и многоклеточности. Это усложнило организацию живых существ и ускорило темпы эволюции.
2. Изменения в биосфере, повлиявшие на развитие человеческого общества:
- Климатические колебания. Например, наступление ледниковых периодов заставляло древних людей адаптироваться: создавать более тёплую одежду, строить надёжные жилища, совершенствовать коллективную охоту на крупных животных (мамонтов), что способствовало развитию социальных связей и мышления.
- Изменение флоры и фауны после окончания ледникового периода. Появление и распространение диких злаков и одомашнивание определённых видов животных привели к неолитической революции — переходу от присваивающего хозяйства (охота и собирательство) к производящему (земледелие и скотоводство). Это вызвало рост населения, появление поселений и, в конечном итоге, цивилизаций.
- Географическое распределение природных ресурсов. Наличие плодородных почв, источников пресной воды, месторождений полезных ископаемых определяло места возникновения и пути развития цивилизаций. Например, доступ к залежам медных и оловянных руд положил начало Бронзовому веку, а освоение железа — Железному веку, что изменило военное дело и сельское хозяйство. Промышленная революция XVIII–XIX веков стала возможной благодаря огромным запасам угля и железной руды.
Другие задания:
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