Страница 158 - гдз по биологии 11 класс учебник Пасечник, Каменский

Биология, 11 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Рубцов Александр Михайлович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, Абовян Леван Арташесович, Гапонюк Зоя Георгиевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019

Авторы: Пасечник В. В., Каменский А. А., Рубцов А. М., Швецов Г. Г., Абовян Л. А., Гапонюк З. Г.

Тип: Учебник

Серия: линия жизни

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: углублённый

ISBN: 978-5-09-087486-1 (2022)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Cтраница 158

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
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  #attributes: array:21 [
    "id" => 1451594
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "158"
    "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-158"
    "field_display_title" => "158"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "158"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Book {#1006
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
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          #attributes: array:50 [
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            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1007
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                    "field_translit" => "biologiya"
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                1 => App\Models\Term {#1016
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
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            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1015}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук"
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            }
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1052
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1054
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
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                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2}
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                  ]
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    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3400
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        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#3395
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          #table: "book_pages"
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          #keyType: "int"
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3415
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#3414
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3416 …2}
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                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3407
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            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3399}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3415}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451596"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3407}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3391
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#3390
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1451593
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "157"
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-157"
            "field_display_title" => "157"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "157"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3392
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3393
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3394
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3404
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#3403
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1741389
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3405 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1741389
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3405 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451592"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3396
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:21 [
            "id" => 1451593
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "157"
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-157"
            "field_display_title" => "157"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "157"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3392}
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3393}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3394}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3404}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451592"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3396}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
      #items: array:4 [
        0 => App\Models\Task {#1066
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1451237
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-2-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1067
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 26
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "номер"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_short_name" => ""
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 26
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "номер"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_short_name" => ""
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1068
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1450939
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Экосистемный уровень"
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "79"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1450939
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Экосистемный уровень"
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "79"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1450939
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Экосистемный уровень"
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "79"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                     …11
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1167
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1172
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1143
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1141
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1134
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451238"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451236"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1451237
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-2-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451238"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451236"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Task {#1110
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1451238
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-2-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1067}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1167}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1172}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1116
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1113
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1153
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451239"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451237"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
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            "id" => 1451238
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-2-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451239"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451237"
              "type" => "task"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Task {#1148
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1451239
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-2-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1067}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1167}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1172}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1179
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1180
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
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                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
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                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1187
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451240"
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            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451238"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
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            ]
          ]
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            "id" => 1451239
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-2-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451240"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451238"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
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          #dateFormat: null
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          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        3 => App\Models\Task {#1124
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1451240
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-3-1"
            "field_display_title" => "Подумайте"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1167}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1172}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1197
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
                  #original: array:7 [ …7]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1199
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1201
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
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                  +timestamps: true
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451241"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451239"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1451240
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/21-3-1"
            "field_display_title" => "Подумайте"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451241"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451239"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1451594"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #dateFormat: null
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            0 => "*"
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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  ]
  #original: array:21 [
    "id" => 1451594
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "158"
    "field_url" => "/11-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-158"
    "field_display_title" => "158"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "158"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053}
    "next" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1451595"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1451593"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046}
  ]
  #changes: []
  #casts: []
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  #attributeCastCache: []
  #dateFormat: null
  #appends: []
  #dispatchesEvents: []
  #observables: []
  #relations: []
  #touches: []
  +timestamps: true
  +usesUniqueIds: false
  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
  #fillable: []
  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
Биология, 11 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Рубцов Александр Михайлович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, Абовян Леван Арташесович, Гапонюк Зоя Георгиевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, страница 158
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