Номер 4, страница 26 - гдз по физике 11 класс учебник Касьянов

Физика, 11 класс Учебник, автор: Касьянов Валерий Алексеевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, белого цвета

Авторы: Касьянов В. А.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение, Дрофа

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый

Цвет обложки: белый, красный

ISBN: 978-5-09-099511-5

Глава 1. Постоянный электрический ток. Параграф 8. Соединения проводников. Вопросы - номер 4, страница 26.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 598141
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "26"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/08-1-4"
    "field_display_title" => "4"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "field_match" => null
    "breadcrumbs" => []
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
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          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597905
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Главу"
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                      "field_dative_case" => "Главе"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Главы"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Глава"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
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                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
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                    ]
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                  ]
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 282
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1048
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1053
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5460
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "11"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5460
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "11"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #visible: []
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                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1055
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
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                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1056
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
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                            "id" => 5148
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
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                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "drofa"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5148
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дрофа"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "drofa"
                          ]
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                            0 => "*"
                          ]
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                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4566
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Касьянов"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Валерий"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4566
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Касьянов"
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                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Валерий"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1061
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
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                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
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                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1069
                          #connection: "mysql"
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                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
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                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597905
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "3"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1124
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597905
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "3"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597905
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
            "field_page_start" => "3"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1128
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597923
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Соединения проводников"
            "field_branch_order" => "8"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1129
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом"
                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом"
                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "23"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597923
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Соединения проводников"
            "field_branch_order" => "8"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
            "field_page_start" => "23"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597924
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Вопросы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "26"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1143
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 597923
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Соединения проводников"
                    "field_branch_order" => "8"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_page_start" => "23"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 597923
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Соединения проводников"
                    "field_branch_order" => "8"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
                    "field_page_start" => "23"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597924
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Вопросы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
            "field_page_start" => "26"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1097
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 757115
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1095
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 1660
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 1660
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "598141"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>4.</strong> Как определить общее сопротивление при параллельном соединении проводников?</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "4-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "964"
                "height" => 106
                "path" => "/media/fizika_11/kasyanov-u-b-22/0-08-1/4-1.webp?ts=1738130679"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 757115
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "598141"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>4.</strong> Как определить общее сопротивление при параллельном соединении проводников?</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "4-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "964"
                "height" => 106
                "path" => "/media/fizika_11/kasyanov-u-b-22/0-08-1/4-1.webp?ts=1738130679"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1090
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
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            "text" => "<p>При параллельном соединении проводников их начала присоединяются к одной общей точке электрической цепи, а их концы — к другой. Это создает несколько параллельных путей (ветвей) для прохождения электрического тока. Главной особенностью такого соединения является то, что напряжение на всех параллельных ветвях одинаково, а общий ток разветвляется по этим ветвям.</p><p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Для вывода формулы общего сопротивления воспользуемся основными законами для параллельного соединения и законом Ома.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Согласно первому закону Кирхгофа, общая сила тока $I_{общ}$ в цепи до разветвления равна сумме сил токов в каждой из параллельных ветвей:</p><p>$I_{общ} = I_1 + I_2 + ... + I_n$</p><p>где $I_1, I_2, ..., I_n$ — токи в каждом из проводников.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Напряжение $U$ на концах всех параллельно соединенных проводников одинаково:</p><p>$U = U_1 = U_2 = ... = U_n$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> По закону Ома для участка цепи, ток в каждом проводнике и общий ток в цепи можно выразить как:</p><p>$I_1 = \frac{U}{R_1}$, $I_2 = \frac{U}{R_2}$, ..., $I_n = \frac{U}{R_n}$</p><p>$I_{общ} = \frac{U}{R_{общ}}$</p><p>где $R_1, R_2, ..., R_n$ — сопротивления отдельных проводников, а $R_{общ}$ — общее (эквивалентное) сопротивление цепи.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Подставим выражения для токов в первое уравнение:</p><p>$\frac{U}{R_{общ}} = \frac{U}{R_1} + \frac{U}{R_2} + ... + \frac{U}{R_n}$</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Так как напряжение $U$ одинаково для всех элементов и не равно нулю, мы можем разделить обе части уравнения на $U$. В результате получаем формулу для расчета общего сопротивления при параллельном соединении:</p><p>$\frac{1}{R_{общ}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n}$</p><p>Эта формула показывает, что величина, обратная общему сопротивлению (которую называют общей проводимостью), равна сумме величин, обратных сопротивлениям каждого из проводников (сумме их проводимостей).</p><p><strong>Частные случаи, упрощающие расчеты:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Для двух параллельных проводников:</strong> формула преобразуется к виду: $R_{общ} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$. Общее сопротивление равно произведению сопротивлений, деленному на их сумму. </li><li><strong>Для $n$ одинаковых проводников</strong> с сопротивлением $R$ каждый: общее сопротивление равно $R_{общ} = \frac{R}{n}$. Сопротивление уменьшается в $n$ раз. </li></ul><p>Важный вывод: общее сопротивление участка цепи при параллельном соединении проводников всегда <em>меньше</em> самого малого из сопротивлений, входящих в этот участок.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Общее сопротивление при параллельном соединении проводников определяется по формуле, согласно которой величина, обратная общему сопротивлению $R_{общ}$, равна сумме обратных величин сопротивлений каждого из проводников ($R_1, R_2, ..., R_n$): $\frac{1}{R_{общ}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n}$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>При параллельном соединении проводников их начала присоединяются к одной общей точке электрической цепи, а их концы — к другой. Это создает несколько параллельных путей (ветвей) для прохождения электрического тока. Главной особенностью такого соединения является то, что напряжение на всех параллельных ветвях одинаково, а общий ток разветвляется по этим ветвям.</p><p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Для вывода формулы общего сопротивления воспользуемся основными законами для параллельного соединения и законом Ома.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Согласно первому закону Кирхгофа, общая сила тока $I_{общ}$ в цепи до разветвления равна сумме сил токов в каждой из параллельных ветвей:</p><p>$I_{общ} = I_1 + I_2 + ... + I_n$</p><p>где $I_1, I_2, ..., I_n$ — токи в каждом из проводников.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Напряжение $U$ на концах всех параллельно соединенных проводников одинаково:</p><p>$U = U_1 = U_2 = ... = U_n$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> По закону Ома для участка цепи, ток в каждом проводнике и общий ток в цепи можно выразить как:</p><p>$I_1 = \frac{U}{R_1}$, $I_2 = \frac{U}{R_2}$, ..., $I_n = \frac{U}{R_n}$</p><p>$I_{общ} = \frac{U}{R_{общ}}$</p><p>где $R_1, R_2, ..., R_n$ — сопротивления отдельных проводников, а $R_{общ}$ — общее (эквивалентное) сопротивление цепи.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Подставим выражения для токов в первое уравнение:</p><p>$\frac{U}{R_{общ}} = \frac{U}{R_1} + \frac{U}{R_2} + ... + \frac{U}{R_n}$</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Так как напряжение $U$ одинаково для всех элементов и не равно нулю, мы можем разделить обе части уравнения на $U$. В результате получаем формулу для расчета общего сопротивления при параллельном соединении:</p><p>$\frac{1}{R_{общ}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n}$</p><p>Эта формула показывает, что величина, обратная общему сопротивлению (которую называют общей проводимостью), равна сумме величин, обратных сопротивлениям каждого из проводников (сумме их проводимостей).</p><p><strong>Частные случаи, упрощающие расчеты:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Для двух параллельных проводников:</strong> формула преобразуется к виду: $R_{общ} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$. Общее сопротивление равно произведению сопротивлений, деленному на их сумму. </li><li><strong>Для $n$ одинаковых проводников</strong> с сопротивлением $R$ каждый: общее сопротивление равно $R_{общ} = \frac{R}{n}$. Сопротивление уменьшается в $n$ раз. </li></ul><p>Важный вывод: общее сопротивление участка цепи при параллельном соединении проводников всегда <em>меньше</em> самого малого из сопротивлений, входящих в этот участок.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Общее сопротивление при параллельном соединении проводников определяется по формуле, согласно которой величина, обратная общему сопротивлению $R_{общ}$, равна сумме обратных величин сопротивлений каждого из проводников ($R_1, R_2, ..., R_n$): $\frac{1}{R_{общ}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n}$.</p>"
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                5 => App\Models\Task {#1283
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}
№4 (с. 26)
Условие. №4 (с. 26)
скриншот условия
Физика, 11 класс Учебник, автор: Касьянов Валерий Алексеевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, белого цвета, страница 26, номер 4, Условие

4. Как определить общее сопротивление при параллельном соединении проводников?

Решение. №4 (с. 26)
Физика, 11 класс Учебник, автор: Касьянов Валерий Алексеевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, белого цвета, страница 26, номер 4, Решение
Решение 2. №4 (с. 26)

При параллельном соединении проводников их начала присоединяются к одной общей точке электрической цепи, а их концы — к другой. Это создает несколько параллельных путей (ветвей) для прохождения электрического тока. Главной особенностью такого соединения является то, что напряжение на всех параллельных ветвях одинаково, а общий ток разветвляется по этим ветвям.

Решение

Для вывода формулы общего сопротивления воспользуемся основными законами для параллельного соединения и законом Ома.

1. Согласно первому закону Кирхгофа, общая сила тока $I_{общ}$ в цепи до разветвления равна сумме сил токов в каждой из параллельных ветвей:

$I_{общ} = I_1 + I_2 + ... + I_n$

где $I_1, I_2, ..., I_n$ — токи в каждом из проводников.

2. Напряжение $U$ на концах всех параллельно соединенных проводников одинаково:

$U = U_1 = U_2 = ... = U_n$

3. По закону Ома для участка цепи, ток в каждом проводнике и общий ток в цепи можно выразить как:

$I_1 = \frac{U}{R_1}$, $I_2 = \frac{U}{R_2}$, ..., $I_n = \frac{U}{R_n}$

$I_{общ} = \frac{U}{R_{общ}}$

где $R_1, R_2, ..., R_n$ — сопротивления отдельных проводников, а $R_{общ}$ — общее (эквивалентное) сопротивление цепи.

4. Подставим выражения для токов в первое уравнение:

$\frac{U}{R_{общ}} = \frac{U}{R_1} + \frac{U}{R_2} + ... + \frac{U}{R_n}$

5. Так как напряжение $U$ одинаково для всех элементов и не равно нулю, мы можем разделить обе части уравнения на $U$. В результате получаем формулу для расчета общего сопротивления при параллельном соединении:

$\frac{1}{R_{общ}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n}$

Эта формула показывает, что величина, обратная общему сопротивлению (которую называют общей проводимостью), равна сумме величин, обратных сопротивлениям каждого из проводников (сумме их проводимостей).

Частные случаи, упрощающие расчеты:

  • Для двух параллельных проводников: формула преобразуется к виду: $R_{общ} = \frac{R_1 \cdot R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$. Общее сопротивление равно произведению сопротивлений, деленному на их сумму.
  • Для $n$ одинаковых проводников с сопротивлением $R$ каждый: общее сопротивление равно $R_{общ} = \frac{R}{n}$. Сопротивление уменьшается в $n$ раз.

Важный вывод: общее сопротивление участка цепи при параллельном соединении проводников всегда меньше самого малого из сопротивлений, входящих в этот участок.

Ответ: Общее сопротивление при параллельном соединении проводников определяется по формуле, согласно которой величина, обратная общему сопротивлению $R_{общ}$, равна сумме обратных величин сопротивлений каждого из проводников ($R_1, R_2, ..., R_n$): $\frac{1}{R_{общ}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n}$.

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