Номер 3, страница 89 - гдз по физике 11 класс учебник Касьянов

Физика, 11 класс Учебник, автор: Касьянов Валерий Алексеевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, белого цвета

Авторы: Касьянов В. А.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение, Дрофа

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Уровень обучения: базовый

Цвет обложки: белый, красный

ISBN: 978-5-09-099511-5

Глава 3. Электромагнетизм. Параграф 26. Генерирование переменного электрического тока. Вопросы - номер 3, страница 89.

App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 598265
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "89"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-3"
    "field_display_title" => "3"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1036
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "field_match" => null
    "breadcrumbs" => []
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597962
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Электромагнетизм"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "74"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 282
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1048
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6493
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Физика"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "fizika"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1053
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5460
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "11"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5460
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "11"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "odinadcatyj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1055
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1056
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5148
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дрофа"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "drofa"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5148
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Дрофа"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "drofa"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4566
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Касьянов"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Валерий"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4566
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Касьянов"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Валерий"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1061
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
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                          #touches: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
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                          ]
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                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1063
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
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                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1065
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1069
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 38
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "базовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "bazovyy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
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            "id" => 597962
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Электромагнетизм"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
            "field_page_start" => "74"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081}
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1124
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597962
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Электромагнетизм"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "74"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597962
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Электромагнетизм"
            "field_branch_order" => "3"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
            "field_page_start" => "74"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1128
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597973
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Генерирование переменного электрического тока"
            "field_branch_order" => "26"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1129
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "86"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597973
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Генерирование переменного электрического тока"
            "field_branch_order" => "26"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
            "field_page_start" => "86"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 597974
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Вопросы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "89"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1143
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 597973
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Генерирование переменного электрического тока"
                    "field_branch_order" => "26"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "86"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 597973
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Генерирование переменного электрического тока"
                    "field_branch_order" => "26"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "86"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 597974
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Вопросы"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
            "field_page_start" => "89"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1043
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 757605
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1041
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 1660
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 1660
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "598265"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Нарисуйте один под другим графики зависимости от времени магнитного потока через вращающуюся рамку и ЭДС индукции в ней.</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "3-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "979"
                "height" => 107
                "path" => "/media/fizika_11/kasyanov-u-b-22/0-26-1/3-1.webp?ts=1738130743"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 757605
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "598265"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Нарисуйте один под другим графики зависимости от времени магнитного потока через вращающуюся рамку и ЭДС индукции в ней.</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "3-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "979"
                "height" => 107
                "path" => "/media/fizika_11/kasyanov-u-b-22/0-26-1/3-1.webp?ts=1738130743"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1088
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 757583
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1089
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 1661
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение"
                    "field_order" => "2"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "anna"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим проводящую рамку площадью $S$, которая вращается с постоянной угловой скоростью $\omega$ в однородном магнитном поле с индукцией $B$.</p><p><strong>График зависимости магнитного потока от времени</strong></p><p>Магнитный поток $\Phi$ через поверхность рамки определяется как произведение модуля вектора магнитной индукции $B$ на площадь рамки $S$ и на косинус угла $\alpha$ между вектором магнитной индукции $\vec{B}$ и вектором нормали $\vec{n}$ к плоскости рамки:</p><p>$\Phi = B S \cos \alpha$</p><p>При равномерном вращении рамки угол $\alpha$ изменяется со временем по линейному закону: $\alpha = \omega t$ (при условии, что в начальный момент времени $t=0$ угол $\alpha=0$, то есть плоскость рамки перпендикулярна линиям магнитной индукции).</p><p>Тогда зависимость магнитного потока от времени принимает вид:</p><p>$\Phi(t) = B S \cos(\omega t)$</p><p>Это гармоническое колебание, происходящее по закону косинуса. Амплитудное (максимальное) значение магнитного потока равно $\Phi_{max} = B S$. Таким образом, окончательная формула:</p><p>$\Phi(t) = \Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)$</p><p><strong>График зависимости ЭДС индукции от времени</strong></p><p>Согласно закону электромагнитной индукции Фарадея, электродвижущая сила (ЭДС) индукции $\mathcal{E}$, возникающая в рамке, равна скорости изменения магнитного потока через рамку, взятой с противоположным знаком:</p><p>$\mathcal{E}(t) = - \frac{d\Phi(t)}{dt}$</p><p>Для нахождения этой зависимости необходимо взять производную от функции магнитного потока по времени:</p><p>$\mathcal{E}(t) = - \frac{d}{dt} (\Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)) = - \Phi_{max} \cdot (-\omega \sin(\omega t)) = \Phi_{max} \omega \sin(\omega t)$</p><p>Амплитуда ЭДС индукции равна $\mathcal{E}_{max} = \Phi_{max} \omega = B S \omega$. Тогда зависимость ЭДС от времени имеет вид:</p><p>$\mathcal{E}(t) = \mathcal{E}_{max} \sin(\omega t)$</p><p>Это также гармоническое колебание, но происходящее по закону синуса.</p><p>Сравнивая функции $\Phi(t)$ и $\mathcal{E}(t)$, можно заметить, что колебания ЭДС индукции опережают по фазе колебания магнитного потока на $\frac{\pi}{2}$ (или 90°).</p><ul><li>Когда магнитный поток максимален (рамка перпендикулярна полю, $\cos(\omega t) = \pm 1$), его скорость изменения равна нулю, и ЭДС индукции равна нулю.</li><li>Когда магнитный поток равен нулю (рамка параллельна полю, $\cos(\omega t) = 0$), его скорость изменения максимальна, и ЭДС индукции достигает своего амплитудного значения.</li></ul><p>Графики зависимостей $\Phi(t)$ и $\mathcal{E}(t)$ представляют собой косинусоиду и синусоиду соответственно, сдвинутые по фазе на $\frac{\pi}{2}$.</p><svg width="500" height="420" viewBox="0 0 500 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><!-- Graph 1: Magnetic Flux (Φ) --><g id="graph-flux"><!-- Axes --><line x1="50" y1="20" x2="50" y2="180" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><line x1="50" y1="100" x2="450" y2="100" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><!-- Arrowheads --><polygon points="50,10 45,20 55,20" fill="black"></polygon><polygon points="460,100 450,95 450,105" fill="black"></polygon><!-- Axis Labels --><text x="60" y="30" fill="black" font-size="16">Φ</text><text x="465" y="105" fill="black" font-size="16">t</text><text x="35" y="105" fill="black">0</text><!-- Cosine Curve --><path d="M 50 60 C 90 60, 90 100, 130 100 C 170 100, 170 140, 210 140 C 250 140, 250 100, 290 100 C 330 100, 330 60, 370 60" stroke="#007bff" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"></path><!-- Time Ticks --><line x1="130" y1="95" x2="130" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="120" y="120">T/4</text><line x1="210" y1="95" x2="210" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="200" y="120">T/2</text><line x1="290" y1="95" x2="290" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="275" y="120">3T/4</text><line x1="370" y1="95" x2="370" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="365" y="120">T</text><!-- Amplitude Labels --><line x1="45" y1="60" x2="55" y2="60" stroke="black"></line><text x="10" y="65">Φ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text><line x1="45" y1="140" x2="55" y2="140" stroke="black"></line><text x="0" y="145">-Φ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text></g><!-- Graph 2: EMF (ℰ) --><g id="graph-emf" transform="translate(0, 200)"><!-- Axes --><line x1="50" y1="20" x2="50" y2="180" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><line x1="50" y1="100" x2="450" y2="100" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><!-- Arrowheads --><polygon points="50,10 45,20 55,20" fill="black"></polygon><polygon points="460,100 450,95 450,105" fill="black"></polygon><!-- Axis Labels --><text x="60" y="30" fill="black" font-size="16">ℰ</text><text x="465" y="105" fill="black" font-size="16">t</text><text x="35" y="105" fill="black">0</text><!-- Sine Curve --><path d="M 50 100 C 90 100, 90 60, 130 60 C 170 60, 170 100, 210 100 C 250 100, 250 140, 290 140 C 330 140, 330 100, 370 100" stroke="#dc3545" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"></path><!-- Time Ticks --><line x1="130" y1="95" x2="130" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="120" y="120">T/4</text><line x1="210" y1="95" x2="210" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="200" y="120">T/2</text><line x1="290" y1="95" x2="290" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="275" y="120">3T/4</text><line x1="370" y1="95" x2="370" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="365" y="120">T</text><!-- Amplitude Labels --><line x1="45" y1="60" x2="55" y2="60" stroke="black"></line><text x="10" y="65">ℰ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text><line x1="45" y1="140" x2="55" y2="140" stroke="black"></line><text x="0" y="145">-ℰ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text></g></svg><p><strong>Ответ:</strong></p><p>График зависимости магнитного потока от времени $\Phi(t)$ через вращающуюся рамку является косинусоидой, описываемой функцией $\Phi(t) = \Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)$. График зависимости ЭДС индукции от времени $\mathcal{E}(t)$ в этой рамке является синусоидой, описываемой функцией $\mathcal{E}(t) = \mathcal{E}_{max} \sin(\omega t)$. Колебания ЭДС опережают по фазе колебания магнитного потока на $\pi/2$. Наглядное представление графиков приведено выше.</p>"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим проводящую рамку площадью $S$, которая вращается с постоянной угловой скоростью $\omega$ в однородном магнитном поле с индукцией $B$.</p><p><strong>График зависимости магнитного потока от времени</strong></p><p>Магнитный поток $\Phi$ через поверхность рамки определяется как произведение модуля вектора магнитной индукции $B$ на площадь рамки $S$ и на косинус угла $\alpha$ между вектором магнитной индукции $\vec{B}$ и вектором нормали $\vec{n}$ к плоскости рамки:</p><p>$\Phi = B S \cos \alpha$</p><p>При равномерном вращении рамки угол $\alpha$ изменяется со временем по линейному закону: $\alpha = \omega t$ (при условии, что в начальный момент времени $t=0$ угол $\alpha=0$, то есть плоскость рамки перпендикулярна линиям магнитной индукции).</p><p>Тогда зависимость магнитного потока от времени принимает вид:</p><p>$\Phi(t) = B S \cos(\omega t)$</p><p>Это гармоническое колебание, происходящее по закону косинуса. Амплитудное (максимальное) значение магнитного потока равно $\Phi_{max} = B S$. Таким образом, окончательная формула:</p><p>$\Phi(t) = \Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)$</p><p><strong>График зависимости ЭДС индукции от времени</strong></p><p>Согласно закону электромагнитной индукции Фарадея, электродвижущая сила (ЭДС) индукции $\mathcal{E}$, возникающая в рамке, равна скорости изменения магнитного потока через рамку, взятой с противоположным знаком:</p><p>$\mathcal{E}(t) = - \frac{d\Phi(t)}{dt}$</p><p>Для нахождения этой зависимости необходимо взять производную от функции магнитного потока по времени:</p><p>$\mathcal{E}(t) = - \frac{d}{dt} (\Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)) = - \Phi_{max} \cdot (-\omega \sin(\omega t)) = \Phi_{max} \omega \sin(\omega t)$</p><p>Амплитуда ЭДС индукции равна $\mathcal{E}_{max} = \Phi_{max} \omega = B S \omega$. Тогда зависимость ЭДС от времени имеет вид:</p><p>$\mathcal{E}(t) = \mathcal{E}_{max} \sin(\omega t)$</p><p>Это также гармоническое колебание, но происходящее по закону синуса.</p><p>Сравнивая функции $\Phi(t)$ и $\mathcal{E}(t)$, можно заметить, что колебания ЭДС индукции опережают по фазе колебания магнитного потока на $\frac{\pi}{2}$ (или 90°).</p><ul><li>Когда магнитный поток максимален (рамка перпендикулярна полю, $\cos(\omega t) = \pm 1$), его скорость изменения равна нулю, и ЭДС индукции равна нулю.</li><li>Когда магнитный поток равен нулю (рамка параллельна полю, $\cos(\omega t) = 0$), его скорость изменения максимальна, и ЭДС индукции достигает своего амплитудного значения.</li></ul><p>Графики зависимостей $\Phi(t)$ и $\mathcal{E}(t)$ представляют собой косинусоиду и синусоиду соответственно, сдвинутые по фазе на $\frac{\pi}{2}$.</p><svg width="500" height="420" viewBox="0 0 500 420" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><!-- Graph 1: Magnetic Flux (Φ) --><g id="graph-flux"><!-- Axes --><line x1="50" y1="20" x2="50" y2="180" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><line x1="50" y1="100" x2="450" y2="100" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><!-- Arrowheads --><polygon points="50,10 45,20 55,20" fill="black"></polygon><polygon points="460,100 450,95 450,105" fill="black"></polygon><!-- Axis Labels --><text x="60" y="30" fill="black" font-size="16">Φ</text><text x="465" y="105" fill="black" font-size="16">t</text><text x="35" y="105" fill="black">0</text><!-- Cosine Curve --><path d="M 50 60 C 90 60, 90 100, 130 100 C 170 100, 170 140, 210 140 C 250 140, 250 100, 290 100 C 330 100, 330 60, 370 60" stroke="#007bff" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"></path><!-- Time Ticks --><line x1="130" y1="95" x2="130" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="120" y="120">T/4</text><line x1="210" y1="95" x2="210" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="200" y="120">T/2</text><line x1="290" y1="95" x2="290" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="275" y="120">3T/4</text><line x1="370" y1="95" x2="370" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="365" y="120">T</text><!-- Amplitude Labels --><line x1="45" y1="60" x2="55" y2="60" stroke="black"></line><text x="10" y="65">Φ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text><line x1="45" y1="140" x2="55" y2="140" stroke="black"></line><text x="0" y="145">-Φ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text></g><!-- Graph 2: EMF (ℰ) --><g id="graph-emf" transform="translate(0, 200)"><!-- Axes --><line x1="50" y1="20" x2="50" y2="180" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><line x1="50" y1="100" x2="450" y2="100" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><!-- Arrowheads --><polygon points="50,10 45,20 55,20" fill="black"></polygon><polygon points="460,100 450,95 450,105" fill="black"></polygon><!-- Axis Labels --><text x="60" y="30" fill="black" font-size="16">ℰ</text><text x="465" y="105" fill="black" font-size="16">t</text><text x="35" y="105" fill="black">0</text><!-- Sine Curve --><path d="M 50 100 C 90 100, 90 60, 130 60 C 170 60, 170 100, 210 100 C 250 100, 250 140, 290 140 C 330 140, 330 100, 370 100" stroke="#dc3545" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none"></path><!-- Time Ticks --><line x1="130" y1="95" x2="130" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="120" y="120">T/4</text><line x1="210" y1="95" x2="210" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="200" y="120">T/2</text><line x1="290" y1="95" x2="290" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="275" y="120">3T/4</text><line x1="370" y1="95" x2="370" y2="105" stroke="black"></line><text x="365" y="120">T</text><!-- Amplitude Labels --><line x1="45" y1="60" x2="55" y2="60" stroke="black"></line><text x="10" y="65">ℰ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text><line x1="45" y1="140" x2="55" y2="140" stroke="black"></line><text x="0" y="145">-ℰ<tspan dy="5" font-size="10">max</tspan></text></g></svg><p><strong>Ответ:</strong></p><p>График зависимости магнитного потока от времени $\Phi(t)$ через вращающуюся рамку является косинусоидой, описываемой функцией $\Phi(t) = \Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)$. График зависимости ЭДС индукции от времени $\mathcal{E}(t)$ в этой рамке является синусоидой, описываемой функцией $\mathcal{E}(t) = \mathcal{E}_{max} \sin(\omega t)$. Колебания ЭДС опережают по фазе колебания магнитного потока на $\pi/2$. Наглядное представление графиков приведено выше.</p>"
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "next" => array:2 [
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    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "598264"
      "type" => "task"
    ]
    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1104
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 951256
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "89"
            "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/page-89"
            "field_display_title" => "89"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "89"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1094
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1126535
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1126535
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "951257"
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            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "951255"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1573
              #items: array:8 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#1587
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598263
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
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                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-1"
                    "field_display_title" => "1"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1588 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1589 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1590 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1591 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1609 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1616 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598263
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
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                    "field_display_title" => "1"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1588 …2}
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                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1589 …2}
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                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1591 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1609 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1616 …2}
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                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#1600
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598264
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-2"
                    "field_display_title" => "2"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1601 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1602 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1607 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1606 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1631 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1632 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598264
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-2"
                    "field_display_title" => "2"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1601 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1602 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1607 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1606 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1631 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1632 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
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                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Task {#1630
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598265
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-3"
                    "field_display_title" => "3"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1633 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1634 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1635 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1636 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1637 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1638 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598265
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-3"
                    "field_display_title" => "3"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1633 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1634 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1635 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1636 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1637 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1638 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                3 => App\Models\Task {#1639
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598266
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-4"
                    "field_display_title" => "4"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1640 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1641 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1642 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1643 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1669 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1670 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598266
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-4"
                    "field_display_title" => "4"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1640 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1641 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1642 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1643 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1669 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1670 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                4 => App\Models\Task {#1668
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598267
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-5"
                    "field_display_title" => "5"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1671 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1672 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1673 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1674 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1700 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1701 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598267
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-1-5"
                    "field_display_title" => "5"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1671 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1672 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1673 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1674 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1700 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1701 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                5 => App\Models\Task {#1699
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598268
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "89"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/11-klass/fizika/kasyanov/26-2-1"
                    "field_display_title" => "1"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1702 …2}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1703 …2}
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1704 …2}
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1785 …2}
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1768 …2}
                    "next" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "previous" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1759 …2}
                    "page" => array:2 [ …2]
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 598268
                     …23
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                6 => App\Models\Task {#1777
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                7 => App\Models\Task {#1782
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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№3 (с. 89)
Условие. №3 (с. 89)
скриншот условия
Физика, 11 класс Учебник, автор: Касьянов Валерий Алексеевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, белого цвета, страница 89, номер 3, Условие

3. Нарисуйте один под другим графики зависимости от времени магнитного потока через вращающуюся рамку и ЭДС индукции в ней.

Решение. №3 (с. 89)
Физика, 11 класс Учебник, автор: Касьянов Валерий Алексеевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, белого цвета, страница 89, номер 3, Решение
Решение 2. №3 (с. 89)

Решение

Рассмотрим проводящую рамку площадью $S$, которая вращается с постоянной угловой скоростью $\omega$ в однородном магнитном поле с индукцией $B$.

График зависимости магнитного потока от времени

Магнитный поток $\Phi$ через поверхность рамки определяется как произведение модуля вектора магнитной индукции $B$ на площадь рамки $S$ и на косинус угла $\alpha$ между вектором магнитной индукции $\vec{B}$ и вектором нормали $\vec{n}$ к плоскости рамки:

$\Phi = B S \cos \alpha$

При равномерном вращении рамки угол $\alpha$ изменяется со временем по линейному закону: $\alpha = \omega t$ (при условии, что в начальный момент времени $t=0$ угол $\alpha=0$, то есть плоскость рамки перпендикулярна линиям магнитной индукции).

Тогда зависимость магнитного потока от времени принимает вид:

$\Phi(t) = B S \cos(\omega t)$

Это гармоническое колебание, происходящее по закону косинуса. Амплитудное (максимальное) значение магнитного потока равно $\Phi_{max} = B S$. Таким образом, окончательная формула:

$\Phi(t) = \Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)$

График зависимости ЭДС индукции от времени

Согласно закону электромагнитной индукции Фарадея, электродвижущая сила (ЭДС) индукции $\mathcal{E}$, возникающая в рамке, равна скорости изменения магнитного потока через рамку, взятой с противоположным знаком:

$\mathcal{E}(t) = - \frac{d\Phi(t)}{dt}$

Для нахождения этой зависимости необходимо взять производную от функции магнитного потока по времени:

$\mathcal{E}(t) = - \frac{d}{dt} (\Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)) = - \Phi_{max} \cdot (-\omega \sin(\omega t)) = \Phi_{max} \omega \sin(\omega t)$

Амплитуда ЭДС индукции равна $\mathcal{E}_{max} = \Phi_{max} \omega = B S \omega$. Тогда зависимость ЭДС от времени имеет вид:

$\mathcal{E}(t) = \mathcal{E}_{max} \sin(\omega t)$

Это также гармоническое колебание, но происходящее по закону синуса.

Сравнивая функции $\Phi(t)$ и $\mathcal{E}(t)$, можно заметить, что колебания ЭДС индукции опережают по фазе колебания магнитного потока на $\frac{\pi}{2}$ (или 90°).

  • Когда магнитный поток максимален (рамка перпендикулярна полю, $\cos(\omega t) = \pm 1$), его скорость изменения равна нулю, и ЭДС индукции равна нулю.
  • Когда магнитный поток равен нулю (рамка параллельна полю, $\cos(\omega t) = 0$), его скорость изменения максимальна, и ЭДС индукции достигает своего амплитудного значения.

Графики зависимостей $\Phi(t)$ и $\mathcal{E}(t)$ представляют собой косинусоиду и синусоиду соответственно, сдвинутые по фазе на $\frac{\pi}{2}$.

Φt0T/4T/23T/4TΦmaxmaxt0T/4T/23T/4Tmax-ℰmax

Ответ:

График зависимости магнитного потока от времени $\Phi(t)$ через вращающуюся рамку является косинусоидой, описываемой функцией $\Phi(t) = \Phi_{max} \cos(\omega t)$. График зависимости ЭДС индукции от времени $\mathcal{E}(t)$ в этой рамке является синусоидой, описываемой функцией $\mathcal{E}(t) = \mathcal{E}_{max} \sin(\omega t)$. Колебания ЭДС опережают по фазе колебания магнитного потока на $\pi/2$. Наглядное представление графиков приведено выше.

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