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Номер 155, страница 76 - гдз по физике 7-9 класс сборник задач Московкина, Волков
Авторы: Московкина Е. Г., Волков В. А.
Тип: Сборник задач
Издательство: ВАКО
Год издания: 2011 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-408-00459-1
Популярные ГДЗ в 7 классе
8 класс. Парообразование, конденсация - номер 155, страница 76.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1425449 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "76" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach/8-155" "field_display_title" => "155" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1424779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "8 класс" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "59" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4994 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2011" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-408-00459-1" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758729953" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 378 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 491 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4994 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2011" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-408-00459-1" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758729953" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 378 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 491 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1424779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "8 класс" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "59" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1424779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "8 класс" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "59" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4994 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5456 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "7" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "седьмой" "field_creative_case" => "седьмым" "field_dative_case" => "седьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "седьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "седьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "седьмом" ] "field_translit" => "sedmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5456 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "7" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "седьмой" "field_creative_case" => "седьмым" "field_dative_case" => "седьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "седьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "седьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "седьмом" ] "field_translit" => "sedmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "девятый" "field_creative_case" => "девятым" "field_dative_case" => "девятому" "field_genitive_case" => "девятого" "field_nominative_case" => "девятый" "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом" ] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5227 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ВАКО" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "vako" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5227 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ВАКО" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "vako" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5285 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Московкина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Елена" "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5285 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Московкина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Елена" "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4026 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Волков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4026 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Волков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1132 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6598 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Сборник задач" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "сборник задач" "field_creative_case" => "сборником задач" "field_dative_case" => "сборнику задач" "field_genitive_case" => "сборника задач" "field_nominative_case" => "сборник задач" "field_prepositional_case" => "сборнике задач" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "sbornik zadach" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6598 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Сборник задач" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "сборник задач" "field_creative_case" => "сборником задач" "field_dative_case" => "сборнику задач" "field_genitive_case" => "сборника задач" "field_nominative_case" => "сборник задач" "field_prepositional_case" => "сборнике задач" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "sbornik zadach" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1134 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1136 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2011" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-408-00459-1" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758729953" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758729953" "alt" => "" "width" => "1466" "height" => "2407" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1147 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 378 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 491 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4994 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2011" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-408-00459-1" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758729953" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1758729953" "alt" => "" "width" => "1466" "height" => "2407" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 378 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 491 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1424779 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "8 класс" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "field_page_start" => "59" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1424785 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Парообразование, конденсация" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "73" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1424785 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Парообразование, конденсация" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_page_start" => "73" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1677982 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6044 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6044 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425449" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>155.</strong> На печь поставили кастрюлю с 3 л воды при 100 °C. Сколько каменного угля надо сжечь, чтобы испарить всю воду? КПД печи 45%.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "155-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2602" "height" => 478 "path" => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/0-8/155-1.webp?ts=1758885710" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1677982 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425449" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>155.</strong> На печь поставили кастрюлю с 3 л воды при 100 °C. Сколько каменного угля надо сжечь, чтобы испарить всю воду? КПД печи 45%.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "155-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2602" "height" => 478 "path" => "/media/fizika_07/moskovkina-sz/0-8/155-1.webp?ts=1758885710" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1781830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425449" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$V = 3$ л</p><p>$t = 100$ °C</p><p>$\eta = 45\%$</p><p>Справочные данные:</p><p>Плотность воды $\rho_{воды} \approx 1000$ кг/м³</p><p>Удельная теплота парообразования воды $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6$ Дж/кг</p><p>Удельная теплота сгорания каменного угля $q_{угля} = 2,7 \cdot 10^7$ Дж/кг</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em></p><p>$V = 3 \text{ л} = 3 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м³}$</p><p>$\eta = 45\% = 0,45$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$m_{угля}$ — ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Для того чтобы испарить воду, которая уже находится при температуре кипения ($100$ °C), ей необходимо сообщить количество теплоты, равное произведению массы воды на удельную теплоту парообразования. Это будет полезное количество теплоты ($Q_{полезное}$).</p><p>$Q_{полезное} = L \cdot m_{воды}$</p><p>Массу воды ($m_{воды}$) найдем, зная её объем ($\text{V}$) и плотность ($\rho_{воды}$):</p><p>$m_{воды} = \rho_{воды} \cdot V = 1000 \text{ кг/м³} \cdot 3 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м³} = 3 \text{ кг}$</p><p>Теперь можно вычислить полезное количество теплоты:</p><p>$Q_{полезное} = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж/кг} \cdot 3 \text{ кг} = 6,9 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}$</p><p>Это количество теплоты вода получает от сгорания угля. Однако, КПД печи составляет $45\%$, это означает, что только $45\%$ теплоты, выделившейся при сгорании угля ($Q_{полное}$), идет на пользу (на испарение воды).</p><p>КПД печи определяется формулой:</p><p>$\eta = \frac{Q_{полезное}}{Q_{полное}}$</p><p>Отсюда можем найти полное количество теплоты, которое должно выделиться при сгорании угля:</p><p>$Q_{полное} = \frac{Q_{полезное}}{\eta} = \frac{6,9 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}}{0,45} \approx 15,33 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}$</p><p>Полное количество теплоты, выделяющееся при сгорании топлива, рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$Q_{полное} = q_{угля} \cdot m_{угля}$</p><p>где $q_{угля}$ — удельная теплота сгорания угля, а $m_{угля}$ — искомая масса угля.</p><p>Выразим и найдем массу угля:</p><p>$m_{угля} = \frac{Q_{полное}}{q_{угля}} = \frac{15,33 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}}{2,7 \cdot 10^7 \text{ Дж/кг}} \approx 0,568 \text{ кг}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> чтобы испарить всю воду, надо сжечь примерно 0,568 кг (или 568 г) каменного угля.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1781830 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425449" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$V = 3$ л</p><p>$t = 100$ °C</p><p>$\eta = 45\%$</p><p>Справочные данные:</p><p>Плотность воды $\rho_{воды} \approx 1000$ кг/м³</p><p>Удельная теплота парообразования воды $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6$ Дж/кг</p><p>Удельная теплота сгорания каменного угля $q_{угля} = 2,7 \cdot 10^7$ Дж/кг</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em></p><p>$V = 3 \text{ л} = 3 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м³}$</p><p>$\eta = 45\% = 0,45$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$m_{угля}$ — ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Для того чтобы испарить воду, которая уже находится при температуре кипения ($100$ °C), ей необходимо сообщить количество теплоты, равное произведению массы воды на удельную теплоту парообразования. Это будет полезное количество теплоты ($Q_{полезное}$).</p><p>$Q_{полезное} = L \cdot m_{воды}$</p><p>Массу воды ($m_{воды}$) найдем, зная её объем ($\text{V}$) и плотность ($\rho_{воды}$):</p><p>$m_{воды} = \rho_{воды} \cdot V = 1000 \text{ кг/м³} \cdot 3 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м³} = 3 \text{ кг}$</p><p>Теперь можно вычислить полезное количество теплоты:</p><p>$Q_{полезное} = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж/кг} \cdot 3 \text{ кг} = 6,9 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}$</p><p>Это количество теплоты вода получает от сгорания угля. Однако, КПД печи составляет $45\%$, это означает, что только $45\%$ теплоты, выделившейся при сгорании угля ($Q_{полное}$), идет на пользу (на испарение воды).</p><p>КПД печи определяется формулой:</p><p>$\eta = \frac{Q_{полезное}}{Q_{полное}}$</p><p>Отсюда можем найти полное количество теплоты, которое должно выделиться при сгорании угля:</p><p>$Q_{полное} = \frac{Q_{полезное}}{\eta} = \frac{6,9 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}}{0,45} \approx 15,33 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}$</p><p>Полное количество теплоты, выделяющееся при сгорании топлива, рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$Q_{полное} = q_{угля} \cdot m_{угля}$</p><p>где $q_{угля}$ — удельная теплота сгорания угля, а $m_{угля}$ — искомая масса угля.</p><p>Выразим и найдем массу угля:</p><p>$m_{угля} = \frac{Q_{полное}}{q_{угля}} = \frac{15,33 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}}{2,7 \cdot 10^7 \text{ Дж/кг}} \approx 0,568 \text{ кг}$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> чтобы испарить всю воду, надо сжечь примерно 0,568 кг (или 568 г) каменного угля.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425450" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425448" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1426179 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "76" "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach/page-76" "field_display_title" => "76" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "76" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1678711 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426179" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1678711 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426179" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426180" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426178" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 #items: array:8 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1257 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1425449 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "76" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach/8-155" "field_display_title" => "155" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425450" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425448" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426179" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1425449 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "76" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach/8-155" "field_display_title" => "155" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425450" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425448" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426179" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1264 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1425450 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "76" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach/8-156" "field_display_title" => "156" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425451" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1425449" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1426179" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1425450 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null 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#attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1271 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1425451 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "76" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/7-klass/fizika/moskovkina-sbornik-zadach/8-157" "field_display_title" => "157" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null 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№155 (с. 76)
Условие. №155 (с. 76)
скриншот условия
155. На печь поставили кастрюлю с 3 л воды при 100 °C. Сколько каменного угля надо сжечь, чтобы испарить всю воду? КПД печи 45%.
Решение. №155 (с. 76)
Дано:
$V = 3$ л
$t = 100$ °C
$\eta = 45\%$
Справочные данные:
Плотность воды $\rho_{воды} \approx 1000$ кг/м³
Удельная теплота парообразования воды $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6$ Дж/кг
Удельная теплота сгорания каменного угля $q_{угля} = 2,7 \cdot 10^7$ Дж/кг
Перевод в систему СИ:
$V = 3 \text{ л} = 3 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м³}$
$\eta = 45\% = 0,45$
Найти:
$m_{угля}$ — ?
Решение:
Для того чтобы испарить воду, которая уже находится при температуре кипения ($100$ °C), ей необходимо сообщить количество теплоты, равное произведению массы воды на удельную теплоту парообразования. Это будет полезное количество теплоты ($Q_{полезное}$).
$Q_{полезное} = L \cdot m_{воды}$
Массу воды ($m_{воды}$) найдем, зная её объем ($\text{V}$) и плотность ($\rho_{воды}$):
$m_{воды} = \rho_{воды} \cdot V = 1000 \text{ кг/м³} \cdot 3 \cdot 10^{-3} \text{ м³} = 3 \text{ кг}$
Теперь можно вычислить полезное количество теплоты:
$Q_{полезное} = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж/кг} \cdot 3 \text{ кг} = 6,9 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}$
Это количество теплоты вода получает от сгорания угля. Однако, КПД печи составляет $45\%$, это означает, что только $45\%$ теплоты, выделившейся при сгорании угля ($Q_{полное}$), идет на пользу (на испарение воды).
КПД печи определяется формулой:
$\eta = \frac{Q_{полезное}}{Q_{полное}}$
Отсюда можем найти полное количество теплоты, которое должно выделиться при сгорании угля:
$Q_{полное} = \frac{Q_{полезное}}{\eta} = \frac{6,9 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}}{0,45} \approx 15,33 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}$
Полное количество теплоты, выделяющееся при сгорании топлива, рассчитывается по формуле:
$Q_{полное} = q_{угля} \cdot m_{угля}$
где $q_{угля}$ — удельная теплота сгорания угля, а $m_{угля}$ — искомая масса угля.
Выразим и найдем массу угля:
$m_{угля} = \frac{Q_{полное}}{q_{угля}} = \frac{15,33 \cdot 10^6 \text{ Дж}}{2,7 \cdot 10^7 \text{ Дж/кг}} \approx 0,568 \text{ кг}$
Ответ: чтобы испарить всю воду, надо сжечь примерно 0,568 кг (или 568 г) каменного угля.
Другие задания:
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