Номер 451, страница 132 - гдз по алгебре 8 класс учебник Дорофеев, Суворова

Алгебра, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Дорофеев Георгий Владимирович, Суворова Светлана Борисовна, Бунимович Евгений Абрамович, Кузнецова Людмила Викторовна, Минаева Светлана Станиславовна, Рослова Лариса Олеговна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, белого цвета

Авторы: Дорофеев Г. В., Суворова С. Б., Бунимович Е. А., Кузнецова Л. В., Минаева С. С., Рослова Л. О.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2022

Цвет обложки: белый, бирюзовый, оранжевый

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Глава 3. Квадратные уравнения. 3.3. Вторая формула корней квадратного уравнения. Упражнения - номер 451, страница 132.

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        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1136
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
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          #keyType: "int"
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_branch_order" => null
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            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1140
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
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          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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          +exists: true
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          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 208928
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_display_title" => "Упражнения"
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            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "132"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1150
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
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            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141}
            "field_page_start" => "132"
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039
      #items: array:5 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1129
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          #keyType: "int"
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            "id" => 233362
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1038
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                    "id" => 729
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "title" => "Условие"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2}
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
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                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                    "title" => "Условие"
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                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "209561"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>451 a)</strong> $0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2 = 0;$</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x = \frac{8}{3};$</p><p><strong>В)</strong> $\frac{z^2+z}{2}=15;$</p><p><strong>Г)</strong> $x^2+1=\frac{5x}{2};$</p><p><strong>Д)</strong> $0,1y^2 - 0,9y + 0,8 = 0;$</p><p><strong>е)</strong> $\frac{7}{20} - \frac{1}{5}x = x^2;$</p><p><strong>Ж)</strong> $5x^2 = \frac{1-5x}{10};$</p><p><strong>З)</strong> $\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x = 3.$</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "451-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1453"
                "height" => 425
                "path" => "/media/algebra_08/dorofeev/0-00/451-1.webp?ts=1734264415"
              ]
            ]
          ]
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            "id" => 233362
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "209561"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>451 a)</strong> $0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2 = 0;$</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x = \frac{8}{3};$</p><p><strong>В)</strong> $\frac{z^2+z}{2}=15;$</p><p><strong>Г)</strong> $x^2+1=\frac{5x}{2};$</p><p><strong>Д)</strong> $0,1y^2 - 0,9y + 0,8 = 0;$</p><p><strong>е)</strong> $\frac{7}{20} - \frac{1}{5}x = x^2;$</p><p><strong>Ж)</strong> $5x^2 = \frac{1-5x}{10};$</p><p><strong>З)</strong> $\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x = 3.$</p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "451-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1453"
                "height" => 425
                "path" => "/media/algebra_08/dorofeev/0-00/451-1.webp?ts=1734264415"
              ]
            ]
          ]
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Element {#1117
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 236671
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1114
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 730
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 1"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "1-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2}
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                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 730
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 1"
                    "field_order" => "2"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2}
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                    "field_page_content_mode" => ""
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "1-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "img" => array:8 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "451-1.png"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "705"
                "height" => 1358
                "path" => "/media/algebra_08/dorofeev/1-00/451-1.webp?ts=1734265795"
              ]
              1 => array:5 [
                "name" => "451-2.png"
                "alt" => null
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> $0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2 = 0$<br>Для удобства вычислений умножим все уравнение на 10, чтобы избавиться от десятичных дробей:<br>$10 \cdot (0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2) = 10 \cdot 0$<br>$3x^2 + 16x - 12 = 0$<br>Это квадратное уравнение вида $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$, где $a=3$, $b=16$, $c=-12$.<br>Найдем дискриминант по формуле $D = b^2 - 4ac$:<br>$D = 16^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-12) = 256 + 144 = 400$<br>Так как $D > 0$, уравнение имеет два корня. $\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{400} = 20$.<br>Найдем корни уравнения по формуле $x_{1,2} = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{D}}{2a}$:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-16 + 20}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-16 - 20}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{-36}{6} = -6$<br>Ответ: $-6; \frac{2}{3}$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x = \frac{8}{3}$<br>Перенесем все члены в левую часть, чтобы получить стандартный вид квадратного уравнения:<br>$x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{8}{3} = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 3, чтобы избавиться от дробей:<br>$3x^2 - 2x - 8 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=3$, $b=-2$, $c=-8$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = (-2)^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-8) = 4 + 96 = 100$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{100} = 10$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-(-2) + 10}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{2 + 10}{6} = \frac{12}{6} = 2$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-(-2) - 10}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{2 - 10}{6} = \frac{-8}{6} = -\frac{4}{3}$<br>Ответ: $2; -\frac{4}{3}$.</p><p><strong>в)</strong> $\frac{z^2 + z}{2} = 15$<br>Умножим обе части уравнения на 2:<br>$z^2 + z = 30$<br>Перенесем 30 в левую часть:<br>$z^2 + z - 30 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=1$, $b=1$, $c=-30$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 1^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-30) = 1 + 120 = 121$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{121} = 11$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$z_1 = \frac{-1 + 11}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{10}{2} = 5$<br>$z_2 = \frac{-1 - 11}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{-12}{2} = -6$<br>Ответ: $5; -6$.</p><p><strong>г)</strong> $x^2 + 1 = \frac{5x}{2}$<br>Умножим обе части уравнения на 2:<br>$2(x^2 + 1) = 5x$<br>$2x^2 + 2 = 5x$<br>Перенесем $5x$ в левую часть:<br>$2x^2 - 5x + 2 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=2$, $b=-5$, $c=2$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = (-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 25 - 16 = 9$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{9} = 3$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-(-5) + 3}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{5 + 3}{4} = \frac{8}{4} = 2$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-(-5) - 3}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{5 - 3}{4} = \frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}$<br>Ответ: $2; \frac{1}{2}$.</p><p><strong>д)</strong> $0,1y^2 - 0,9y + 0,8 = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 10, чтобы избавиться от десятичных дробей:<br>$y^2 - 9y + 8 = 0$<br>Это приведенное квадратное уравнение. Решим через дискриминант. Здесь $a=1$, $b=-9$, $c=8$.<br>$D = b^2 - 4ac = (-9)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 8 = 81 - 32 = 49$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{49} = 7$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$y_1 = \frac{-(-9) + 7}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{9 + 7}{2} = \frac{16}{2} = 8$<br>$y_2 = \frac{-(-9) - 7}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{9 - 7}{2} = \frac{2}{2} = 1$<br>Ответ: $1; 8$.</p><p><strong>е)</strong> $\frac{7}{20} - \frac{1}{5}x = x^2$<br>Перенесем все члены в правую часть и запишем уравнение в стандартном виде:<br>$x^2 + \frac{1}{5}x - \frac{7}{20} = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 20 (наименьший общий знаменатель), чтобы избавиться от дробей:<br>$20x^2 + 4x - 7 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=20$, $b=4$, $c=-7$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 4^2 - 4 \cdot 20 \cdot (-7) = 16 + 560 = 576$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{576} = 24$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-4 + 24}{2 \cdot 20} = \frac{20}{40} = \frac{1}{2}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-4 - 24}{2 \cdot 20} = \frac{-28}{40} = -\frac{7}{10}$<br>Ответ: $\frac{1}{2}; -\frac{7}{10}$.</p><p><strong>ж)</strong> $5x^2 = \frac{1-5x}{10}$<br>Умножим обе части уравнения на 10:<br>$50x^2 = 1 - 5x$<br>Перенесем все члены в левую часть:<br>$50x^2 + 5x - 1 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=50$, $b=5$, $c=-1$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 5^2 - 4 \cdot 50 \cdot (-1) = 25 + 200 = 225$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{225} = 15$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-5 + 15}{2 \cdot 50} = \frac{10}{100} = \frac{1}{10}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-5 - 15}{2 \cdot 50} = \frac{-20}{100} = -\frac{1}{5}$<br>Ответ: $\frac{1}{10}; -\frac{1}{5}$.</p><p><strong>з)</strong> $\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x = 3$<br>Перенесем 3 в левую часть:<br>$\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x - 3 = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 6 (наименьший общий знаменатель для 3 и 2), чтобы избавиться от дробей:<br>$6 \cdot (\frac{1}{3}x^2) + 6 \cdot (\frac{3}{2}x) - 6 \cdot 3 = 0$<br>$2x^2 + 9x - 18 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=2$, $b=9$, $c=-18$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 9^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot (-18) = 81 + 144 = 225$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{225} = 15$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-9 + 15}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-9 - 15}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{-24}{4} = -6$<br>Ответ: $\frac{3}{2}; -6$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> $0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2 = 0$<br>Для удобства вычислений умножим все уравнение на 10, чтобы избавиться от десятичных дробей:<br>$10 \cdot (0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2) = 10 \cdot 0$<br>$3x^2 + 16x - 12 = 0$<br>Это квадратное уравнение вида $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$, где $a=3$, $b=16$, $c=-12$.<br>Найдем дискриминант по формуле $D = b^2 - 4ac$:<br>$D = 16^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-12) = 256 + 144 = 400$<br>Так как $D > 0$, уравнение имеет два корня. $\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{400} = 20$.<br>Найдем корни уравнения по формуле $x_{1,2} = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{D}}{2a}$:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-16 + 20}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-16 - 20}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{-36}{6} = -6$<br>Ответ: $-6; \frac{2}{3}$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x = \frac{8}{3}$<br>Перенесем все члены в левую часть, чтобы получить стандартный вид квадратного уравнения:<br>$x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{8}{3} = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 3, чтобы избавиться от дробей:<br>$3x^2 - 2x - 8 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=3$, $b=-2$, $c=-8$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = (-2)^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-8) = 4 + 96 = 100$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{100} = 10$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-(-2) + 10}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{2 + 10}{6} = \frac{12}{6} = 2$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-(-2) - 10}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{2 - 10}{6} = \frac{-8}{6} = -\frac{4}{3}$<br>Ответ: $2; -\frac{4}{3}$.</p><p><strong>в)</strong> $\frac{z^2 + z}{2} = 15$<br>Умножим обе части уравнения на 2:<br>$z^2 + z = 30$<br>Перенесем 30 в левую часть:<br>$z^2 + z - 30 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=1$, $b=1$, $c=-30$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 1^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-30) = 1 + 120 = 121$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{121} = 11$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$z_1 = \frac{-1 + 11}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{10}{2} = 5$<br>$z_2 = \frac{-1 - 11}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{-12}{2} = -6$<br>Ответ: $5; -6$.</p><p><strong>г)</strong> $x^2 + 1 = \frac{5x}{2}$<br>Умножим обе части уравнения на 2:<br>$2(x^2 + 1) = 5x$<br>$2x^2 + 2 = 5x$<br>Перенесем $5x$ в левую часть:<br>$2x^2 - 5x + 2 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=2$, $b=-5$, $c=2$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = (-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 25 - 16 = 9$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{9} = 3$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-(-5) + 3}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{5 + 3}{4} = \frac{8}{4} = 2$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-(-5) - 3}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{5 - 3}{4} = \frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}$<br>Ответ: $2; \frac{1}{2}$.</p><p><strong>д)</strong> $0,1y^2 - 0,9y + 0,8 = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 10, чтобы избавиться от десятичных дробей:<br>$y^2 - 9y + 8 = 0$<br>Это приведенное квадратное уравнение. Решим через дискриминант. Здесь $a=1$, $b=-9$, $c=8$.<br>$D = b^2 - 4ac = (-9)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 8 = 81 - 32 = 49$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{49} = 7$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$y_1 = \frac{-(-9) + 7}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{9 + 7}{2} = \frac{16}{2} = 8$<br>$y_2 = \frac{-(-9) - 7}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{9 - 7}{2} = \frac{2}{2} = 1$<br>Ответ: $1; 8$.</p><p><strong>е)</strong> $\frac{7}{20} - \frac{1}{5}x = x^2$<br>Перенесем все члены в правую часть и запишем уравнение в стандартном виде:<br>$x^2 + \frac{1}{5}x - \frac{7}{20} = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 20 (наименьший общий знаменатель), чтобы избавиться от дробей:<br>$20x^2 + 4x - 7 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=20$, $b=4$, $c=-7$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 4^2 - 4 \cdot 20 \cdot (-7) = 16 + 560 = 576$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{576} = 24$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-4 + 24}{2 \cdot 20} = \frac{20}{40} = \frac{1}{2}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-4 - 24}{2 \cdot 20} = \frac{-28}{40} = -\frac{7}{10}$<br>Ответ: $\frac{1}{2}; -\frac{7}{10}$.</p><p><strong>ж)</strong> $5x^2 = \frac{1-5x}{10}$<br>Умножим обе части уравнения на 10:<br>$50x^2 = 1 - 5x$<br>Перенесем все члены в левую часть:<br>$50x^2 + 5x - 1 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=50$, $b=5$, $c=-1$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 5^2 - 4 \cdot 50 \cdot (-1) = 25 + 200 = 225$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{225} = 15$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-5 + 15}{2 \cdot 50} = \frac{10}{100} = \frac{1}{10}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-5 - 15}{2 \cdot 50} = \frac{-20}{100} = -\frac{1}{5}$<br>Ответ: $\frac{1}{10}; -\frac{1}{5}$.</p><p><strong>з)</strong> $\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x = 3$<br>Перенесем 3 в левую часть:<br>$\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x - 3 = 0$<br>Умножим все уравнение на 6 (наименьший общий знаменатель для 3 и 2), чтобы избавиться от дробей:<br>$6 \cdot (\frac{1}{3}x^2) + 6 \cdot (\frac{3}{2}x) - 6 \cdot 3 = 0$<br>$2x^2 + 9x - 18 = 0$<br>Здесь $a=2$, $b=9$, $c=-18$.<br>Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$<br>$D = 9^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot (-18) = 81 + 144 = 225$<br>$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{225} = 15$<br>Найдем корни:<br>$x_1 = \frac{-9 + 15}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2}$<br>$x_2 = \frac{-9 - 15}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{-24}{4} = -6$<br>Ответ: $\frac{3}{2}; -6$.</p>"
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№451 (с. 132)
Условие. №451 (с. 132)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Дорофеев Георгий Владимирович, Суворова Светлана Борисовна, Бунимович Евгений Абрамович, Кузнецова Людмила Викторовна, Минаева Светлана Станиславовна, Рослова Лариса Олеговна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, белого цвета, страница 132, номер 451, Условие

451 a) $0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2 = 0;$

б) $x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x = \frac{8}{3};$

В) $\frac{z^2+z}{2}=15;$

Г) $x^2+1=\frac{5x}{2};$

Д) $0,1y^2 - 0,9y + 0,8 = 0;$

е) $\frac{7}{20} - \frac{1}{5}x = x^2;$

Ж) $5x^2 = \frac{1-5x}{10};$

З) $\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x = 3.$

Решение 1. №451 (с. 132)
Алгебра, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Дорофеев Георгий Владимирович, Суворова Светлана Борисовна, Бунимович Евгений Абрамович, Кузнецова Людмила Викторовна, Минаева Светлана Станиславовна, Рослова Лариса Олеговна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, белого цвета, страница 132, номер 451, Решение 1
Алгебра, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Дорофеев Георгий Владимирович, Суворова Светлана Борисовна, Бунимович Евгений Абрамович, Кузнецова Людмила Викторовна, Минаева Светлана Станиславовна, Рослова Лариса Олеговна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, белого цвета, страница 132, номер 451, Решение 1 (продолжение 2)
Решение 2. №451 (с. 132)
Алгебра, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Дорофеев Георгий Владимирович, Суворова Светлана Борисовна, Бунимович Евгений Абрамович, Кузнецова Людмила Викторовна, Минаева Светлана Станиславовна, Рослова Лариса Олеговна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, белого цвета, страница 132, номер 451, Решение 2
Решение 3. №451 (с. 132)
Алгебра, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Дорофеев Георгий Владимирович, Суворова Светлана Борисовна, Бунимович Евгений Абрамович, Кузнецова Людмила Викторовна, Минаева Светлана Станиславовна, Рослова Лариса Олеговна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, белого цвета, страница 132, номер 451, Решение 3
Решение 4. №451 (с. 132)

а) $0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2 = 0$
Для удобства вычислений умножим все уравнение на 10, чтобы избавиться от десятичных дробей:
$10 \cdot (0,3x^2 + 1,6x - 1,2) = 10 \cdot 0$
$3x^2 + 16x - 12 = 0$
Это квадратное уравнение вида $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$, где $a=3$, $b=16$, $c=-12$.
Найдем дискриминант по формуле $D = b^2 - 4ac$:
$D = 16^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-12) = 256 + 144 = 400$
Так как $D > 0$, уравнение имеет два корня. $\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{400} = 20$.
Найдем корни уравнения по формуле $x_{1,2} = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{D}}{2a}$:
$x_1 = \frac{-16 + 20}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{4}{6} = \frac{2}{3}$
$x_2 = \frac{-16 - 20}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{-36}{6} = -6$
Ответ: $-6; \frac{2}{3}$.

б) $x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x = \frac{8}{3}$
Перенесем все члены в левую часть, чтобы получить стандартный вид квадратного уравнения:
$x^2 - \frac{2}{3}x - \frac{8}{3} = 0$
Умножим все уравнение на 3, чтобы избавиться от дробей:
$3x^2 - 2x - 8 = 0$
Здесь $a=3$, $b=-2$, $c=-8$.
Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$
$D = (-2)^2 - 4 \cdot 3 \cdot (-8) = 4 + 96 = 100$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{100} = 10$
Найдем корни:
$x_1 = \frac{-(-2) + 10}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{2 + 10}{6} = \frac{12}{6} = 2$
$x_2 = \frac{-(-2) - 10}{2 \cdot 3} = \frac{2 - 10}{6} = \frac{-8}{6} = -\frac{4}{3}$
Ответ: $2; -\frac{4}{3}$.

в) $\frac{z^2 + z}{2} = 15$
Умножим обе части уравнения на 2:
$z^2 + z = 30$
Перенесем 30 в левую часть:
$z^2 + z - 30 = 0$
Здесь $a=1$, $b=1$, $c=-30$.
Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$
$D = 1^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-30) = 1 + 120 = 121$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{121} = 11$
Найдем корни:
$z_1 = \frac{-1 + 11}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{10}{2} = 5$
$z_2 = \frac{-1 - 11}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{-12}{2} = -6$
Ответ: $5; -6$.

г) $x^2 + 1 = \frac{5x}{2}$
Умножим обе части уравнения на 2:
$2(x^2 + 1) = 5x$
$2x^2 + 2 = 5x$
Перенесем $5x$ в левую часть:
$2x^2 - 5x + 2 = 0$
Здесь $a=2$, $b=-5$, $c=2$.
Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$
$D = (-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 25 - 16 = 9$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{9} = 3$
Найдем корни:
$x_1 = \frac{-(-5) + 3}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{5 + 3}{4} = \frac{8}{4} = 2$
$x_2 = \frac{-(-5) - 3}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{5 - 3}{4} = \frac{2}{4} = \frac{1}{2}$
Ответ: $2; \frac{1}{2}$.

д) $0,1y^2 - 0,9y + 0,8 = 0$
Умножим все уравнение на 10, чтобы избавиться от десятичных дробей:
$y^2 - 9y + 8 = 0$
Это приведенное квадратное уравнение. Решим через дискриминант. Здесь $a=1$, $b=-9$, $c=8$.
$D = b^2 - 4ac = (-9)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 8 = 81 - 32 = 49$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{49} = 7$
Найдем корни:
$y_1 = \frac{-(-9) + 7}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{9 + 7}{2} = \frac{16}{2} = 8$
$y_2 = \frac{-(-9) - 7}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{9 - 7}{2} = \frac{2}{2} = 1$
Ответ: $1; 8$.

е) $\frac{7}{20} - \frac{1}{5}x = x^2$
Перенесем все члены в правую часть и запишем уравнение в стандартном виде:
$x^2 + \frac{1}{5}x - \frac{7}{20} = 0$
Умножим все уравнение на 20 (наименьший общий знаменатель), чтобы избавиться от дробей:
$20x^2 + 4x - 7 = 0$
Здесь $a=20$, $b=4$, $c=-7$.
Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$
$D = 4^2 - 4 \cdot 20 \cdot (-7) = 16 + 560 = 576$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{576} = 24$
Найдем корни:
$x_1 = \frac{-4 + 24}{2 \cdot 20} = \frac{20}{40} = \frac{1}{2}$
$x_2 = \frac{-4 - 24}{2 \cdot 20} = \frac{-28}{40} = -\frac{7}{10}$
Ответ: $\frac{1}{2}; -\frac{7}{10}$.

ж) $5x^2 = \frac{1-5x}{10}$
Умножим обе части уравнения на 10:
$50x^2 = 1 - 5x$
Перенесем все члены в левую часть:
$50x^2 + 5x - 1 = 0$
Здесь $a=50$, $b=5$, $c=-1$.
Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$
$D = 5^2 - 4 \cdot 50 \cdot (-1) = 25 + 200 = 225$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{225} = 15$
Найдем корни:
$x_1 = \frac{-5 + 15}{2 \cdot 50} = \frac{10}{100} = \frac{1}{10}$
$x_2 = \frac{-5 - 15}{2 \cdot 50} = \frac{-20}{100} = -\frac{1}{5}$
Ответ: $\frac{1}{10}; -\frac{1}{5}$.

з) $\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x = 3$
Перенесем 3 в левую часть:
$\frac{1}{3}x^2 + \frac{3}{2}x - 3 = 0$
Умножим все уравнение на 6 (наименьший общий знаменатель для 3 и 2), чтобы избавиться от дробей:
$6 \cdot (\frac{1}{3}x^2) + 6 \cdot (\frac{3}{2}x) - 6 \cdot 3 = 0$
$2x^2 + 9x - 18 = 0$
Здесь $a=2$, $b=9$, $c=-18$.
Найдем дискриминант: $D = b^2 - 4ac$
$D = 9^2 - 4 \cdot 2 \cdot (-18) = 81 + 144 = 225$
$\sqrt{D} = \sqrt{225} = 15$
Найдем корни:
$x_1 = \frac{-9 + 15}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{6}{4} = \frac{3}{2}$
$x_2 = \frac{-9 - 15}{2 \cdot 2} = \frac{-24}{4} = -6$
Ответ: $\frac{3}{2}; -6$.

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