Номер 14, страница 91, часть 1 - гдз по алгебре 8 класс рабочая тетрадь Мерзляк, Полонский

Авторы: Мерзляк А. Г., Полонский В. Б., Якир М. С.

Тип: рабочая тетрадь

Серия: алгоритм успеха

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2021 - 2026

Часть: 1

Цвет обложки: голубой разные папки, разных цветов

ISBN: 978-5-09-096908-6 (1) 978-5-09-096909-3 (2)

Часть 1. Глава 1. Рациональные выражения. Параграф 10. Функция y = k/x и её график - номер 14, страница 91.

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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1047}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "4"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
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            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
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          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1128
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
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          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1362683
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
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                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #attributes: array:7 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                  ]
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                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
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                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
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                  ]
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                  #visible: []
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
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            "field_h1" => null
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            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1362693
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Функция y = k/x и её график"
            "field_branch_order" => "10"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1134
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом"
                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф"
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                      "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе"
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            "field_h1" => null
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1049}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1144
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                    }
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1106
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1568466
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1104
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5694
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1105
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                    "id" => 5694
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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              ]
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            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1362858"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>14.</strong> Постройте график функции $y = \frac{24 - 6x^2}{x^3 - 4x}$. Определите, при каких значениях $k$ прямая $y = kx$:</p><p><strong>1)</strong> имеет с графиком одну общую точку;</p><p><strong>2)</strong> не имеет с графиком общих точек.</p><p><strong>Решение.</strong></p><p><strong>Ответ: 1)</strong></p><p><strong>2)</strong></p>"
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "14-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1992"
                "height" => 1751
                "path" => "/media/algebra_08/merzljak-rt/0-10/14-1.webp?ts=1757177903"
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          #original: array:7 [
            "id" => 1568466
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1362858"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>14.</strong> Постройте график функции $y = \frac{24 - 6x^2}{x^3 - 4x}$. Определите, при каких значениях $k$ прямая $y = kx$:</p><p><strong>1)</strong> имеет с графиком одну общую точку;</p><p><strong>2)</strong> не имеет с графиком общих точек.</p><p><strong>Решение.</strong></p><p><strong>Ответ: 1)</strong></p><p><strong>2)</strong></p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Сначала преобразуем функцию. Разложим числитель и знаменатель на множители.</p><p>Числитель: $24 - 6x^2 = 6(4 - x^2) = 6(2 - x)(2 + x) = -6(x - 2)(x + 2)$.</p><p>Знаменатель: $x^3 - 4x = x(x^2 - 4) = x(x - 2)(x + 2)$.</p><p>Теперь запишем функцию в новом виде:</p><p>$y = \frac{-6(x - 2)(x + 2)}{x(x - 2)(x + 2)}$</p><p>Область определения функции (ОДЗ): знаменатель не должен быть равен нулю.</p><p>$x(x - 2)(x + 2) \neq 0$, следовательно $x \neq 0$, $x \neq 2$, $x \neq -2$.</p><p>При $x \neq 2$ и $x \neq -2$ мы можем сократить дробь:</p><p>$y = -\frac{6}{x}$</p><p>Таким образом, график исходной функции — это гипербола $y = -\frac{6}{x}$ с двумя "выколотыми" точками, так как $x \neq 2$ и $x \neq -2$. Найдем координаты этих точек:</p><ul><li>При $x = 2$, $y = -\frac{6}{2} = -3$. Координаты первой выколотой точки: $(2; -3)$.</li><li>При $x = -2$, $y = -\frac{6}{-2} = 3$. Координаты второй выколотой точки: $(-2; 3)$.</li></ul><p>График функции $y = kx$ — это прямая, проходящая через начало координат $(0; 0)$.</p><p>Количество общих точек графика функции и прямой $y=kx$ соответствует количеству решений системы уравнений:</p><p>$\begin{cases} y = -\frac{6}{x} \\ y = kx \end{cases}$</p><p>Приравниваем правые части: $kx = -\frac{6}{x}$, что приводит к уравнению $kx^2 = -6$, или $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$.</p><p>Теперь проанализируем количество решений этого уравнения в зависимости от значения $k$, учитывая ОДЗ.</p><p><strong>1) имеет с графиком одну общую точку;</strong></p><p>Уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$ может иметь два решения ($x = \pm\sqrt{-\frac{6}{k}}$), если $-\frac{6}{k} > 0$ (т.е. при $k &lt; 0$), или не иметь решений, если $-\frac{6}{k} &lt; 0$ (т.е. при $k > 0$). При $k=0$ решений также нет. Таким образом, у уравнения никогда не бывает одного решения.</p><p>Единственная возможность получить одну общую точку — это если прямая $y=kx$ пересекает гиперболу в двух точках, но одна из этих точек "выколота". Это произойдет, если прямая пройдет через одну из выколотых точек: $(2; -3)$ или $(-2; 3)$.</p><p>Проверим, при каком $k$ прямая проходит через точку $(2; -3)$:</p><p>$-3 = k \cdot 2 \Rightarrow k = -\frac{3}{2} = -1.5$</p><p>Проверим, при каком $k$ прямая проходит через точку $(-2; 3)$:</p><p>$3 = k \cdot (-2) \Rightarrow k = -\frac{3}{2} = -1.5$</p><p>Получается, что при $k = -1.5$ прямая $y = -1.5x$ проходит сразу через обе выколотые точки. В этом случае у прямой и графика нет ни одной общей точки, так как обе точки пересечения "выколоты".</p><p>Следовательно, не существует таких значений $k$, при которых прямая и график имеют ровно одну общую точку.</p><p>Ответ: таких значений $k$ нет.</p><p><strong>2) не имеет с графиком общих точек.</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим, в каких случаях у прямой и графика нет общих точек.</p><p>Случай 1: Уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$ не имеет действительных корней. Это происходит, когда правая часть отрицательна: $-\frac{6}{k} &lt; 0$, что эквивалентно $k > 0$.</p><p>Случай 2: При $k=0$ прямая $y=0$ (ось Ox) не пересекает гиперболу $y = -6/x$.</p><p>Случай 3: Прямая проходит только через выколотые точки. Как мы выяснили в предыдущем пункте, это происходит при $k = -1.5$. При этом значении $k$ уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{-1.5} = 4$ дает корни $x=2$ и $x=-2$, которые соответствуют абсциссам выколотых точек. Таким образом, при $k = -1.5$ у прямой и графика нет общих точек.</p><p>Объединяя все случаи, получаем, что прямая не имеет с графиком общих точек при $k \ge 0$ и при $k = -1.5$.</p><p>Ответ: $k = -1.5$ и $k \in [0; +\infty)$.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p>Сначала преобразуем функцию. Разложим числитель и знаменатель на множители.</p><p>Числитель: $24 - 6x^2 = 6(4 - x^2) = 6(2 - x)(2 + x) = -6(x - 2)(x + 2)$.</p><p>Знаменатель: $x^3 - 4x = x(x^2 - 4) = x(x - 2)(x + 2)$.</p><p>Теперь запишем функцию в новом виде:</p><p>$y = \frac{-6(x - 2)(x + 2)}{x(x - 2)(x + 2)}$</p><p>Область определения функции (ОДЗ): знаменатель не должен быть равен нулю.</p><p>$x(x - 2)(x + 2) \neq 0$, следовательно $x \neq 0$, $x \neq 2$, $x \neq -2$.</p><p>При $x \neq 2$ и $x \neq -2$ мы можем сократить дробь:</p><p>$y = -\frac{6}{x}$</p><p>Таким образом, график исходной функции — это гипербола $y = -\frac{6}{x}$ с двумя "выколотыми" точками, так как $x \neq 2$ и $x \neq -2$. Найдем координаты этих точек:</p><ul><li>При $x = 2$, $y = -\frac{6}{2} = -3$. Координаты первой выколотой точки: $(2; -3)$.</li><li>При $x = -2$, $y = -\frac{6}{-2} = 3$. Координаты второй выколотой точки: $(-2; 3)$.</li></ul><p>График функции $y = kx$ — это прямая, проходящая через начало координат $(0; 0)$.</p><p>Количество общих точек графика функции и прямой $y=kx$ соответствует количеству решений системы уравнений:</p><p>$\begin{cases} y = -\frac{6}{x} \\ y = kx \end{cases}$</p><p>Приравниваем правые части: $kx = -\frac{6}{x}$, что приводит к уравнению $kx^2 = -6$, или $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$.</p><p>Теперь проанализируем количество решений этого уравнения в зависимости от значения $k$, учитывая ОДЗ.</p><p><strong>1) имеет с графиком одну общую точку;</strong></p><p>Уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$ может иметь два решения ($x = \pm\sqrt{-\frac{6}{k}}$), если $-\frac{6}{k} > 0$ (т.е. при $k &lt; 0$), или не иметь решений, если $-\frac{6}{k} &lt; 0$ (т.е. при $k > 0$). При $k=0$ решений также нет. Таким образом, у уравнения никогда не бывает одного решения.</p><p>Единственная возможность получить одну общую точку — это если прямая $y=kx$ пересекает гиперболу в двух точках, но одна из этих точек "выколота". Это произойдет, если прямая пройдет через одну из выколотых точек: $(2; -3)$ или $(-2; 3)$.</p><p>Проверим, при каком $k$ прямая проходит через точку $(2; -3)$:</p><p>$-3 = k \cdot 2 \Rightarrow k = -\frac{3}{2} = -1.5$</p><p>Проверим, при каком $k$ прямая проходит через точку $(-2; 3)$:</p><p>$3 = k \cdot (-2) \Rightarrow k = -\frac{3}{2} = -1.5$</p><p>Получается, что при $k = -1.5$ прямая $y = -1.5x$ проходит сразу через обе выколотые точки. В этом случае у прямой и графика нет ни одной общей точки, так как обе точки пересечения "выколоты".</p><p>Следовательно, не существует таких значений $k$, при которых прямая и график имеют ровно одну общую точку.</p><p>Ответ: таких значений $k$ нет.</p><p><strong>2) не имеет с графиком общих точек.</strong></p><p>Рассмотрим, в каких случаях у прямой и графика нет общих точек.</p><p>Случай 1: Уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$ не имеет действительных корней. Это происходит, когда правая часть отрицательна: $-\frac{6}{k} &lt; 0$, что эквивалентно $k > 0$.</p><p>Случай 2: При $k=0$ прямая $y=0$ (ось Ox) не пересекает гиперболу $y = -6/x$.</p><p>Случай 3: Прямая проходит только через выколотые точки. Как мы выяснили в предыдущем пункте, это происходит при $k = -1.5$. При этом значении $k$ уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{-1.5} = 4$ дает корни $x=2$ и $x=-2$, которые соответствуют абсциссам выколотых точек. Таким образом, при $k = -1.5$ у прямой и графика нет общих точек.</p><p>Объединяя все случаи, получаем, что прямая не имеет с графиком общих точек при $k \ge 0$ и при $k = -1.5$.</p><p>Ответ: $k = -1.5$ и $k \in [0; +\infty)$.</p>"
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№14 (с. 91)
Условие. №14 (с. 91)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 8 класс рабочая тетрадь, авторы: Мерзляк Аркадий Григорьевич, Полонский Виталий Борисович, Якир Михаил Семёнович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2021, голубого цвета, Часть 1, страница 91, номер 14, Условие

14. Постройте график функции $y = \frac{24 - 6x^2}{x^3 - 4x}$. Определите, при каких значениях $k$ прямая $y = kx$:

1) имеет с графиком одну общую точку;

2) не имеет с графиком общих точек.

Решение.

Ответ: 1)

2)

Решение. №14 (с. 91)

Сначала преобразуем функцию. Разложим числитель и знаменатель на множители.

Числитель: $24 - 6x^2 = 6(4 - x^2) = 6(2 - x)(2 + x) = -6(x - 2)(x + 2)$.

Знаменатель: $x^3 - 4x = x(x^2 - 4) = x(x - 2)(x + 2)$.

Теперь запишем функцию в новом виде:

$y = \frac{-6(x - 2)(x + 2)}{x(x - 2)(x + 2)}$

Область определения функции (ОДЗ): знаменатель не должен быть равен нулю.

$x(x - 2)(x + 2) \neq 0$, следовательно $x \neq 0$, $x \neq 2$, $x \neq -2$.

При $x \neq 2$ и $x \neq -2$ мы можем сократить дробь:

$y = -\frac{6}{x}$

Таким образом, график исходной функции — это гипербола $y = -\frac{6}{x}$ с двумя "выколотыми" точками, так как $x \neq 2$ и $x \neq -2$. Найдем координаты этих точек:

  • При $x = 2$, $y = -\frac{6}{2} = -3$. Координаты первой выколотой точки: $(2; -3)$.
  • При $x = -2$, $y = -\frac{6}{-2} = 3$. Координаты второй выколотой точки: $(-2; 3)$.

График функции $y = kx$ — это прямая, проходящая через начало координат $(0; 0)$.

Количество общих точек графика функции и прямой $y=kx$ соответствует количеству решений системы уравнений:

$\begin{cases} y = -\frac{6}{x} \\ y = kx \end{cases}$

Приравниваем правые части: $kx = -\frac{6}{x}$, что приводит к уравнению $kx^2 = -6$, или $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$.

Теперь проанализируем количество решений этого уравнения в зависимости от значения $k$, учитывая ОДЗ.

1) имеет с графиком одну общую точку;

Уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$ может иметь два решения ($x = \pm\sqrt{-\frac{6}{k}}$), если $-\frac{6}{k} > 0$ (т.е. при $k < 0$), или не иметь решений, если $-\frac{6}{k} < 0$ (т.е. при $k > 0$). При $k=0$ решений также нет. Таким образом, у уравнения никогда не бывает одного решения.

Единственная возможность получить одну общую точку — это если прямая $y=kx$ пересекает гиперболу в двух точках, но одна из этих точек "выколота". Это произойдет, если прямая пройдет через одну из выколотых точек: $(2; -3)$ или $(-2; 3)$.

Проверим, при каком $k$ прямая проходит через точку $(2; -3)$:

$-3 = k \cdot 2 \Rightarrow k = -\frac{3}{2} = -1.5$

Проверим, при каком $k$ прямая проходит через точку $(-2; 3)$:

$3 = k \cdot (-2) \Rightarrow k = -\frac{3}{2} = -1.5$

Получается, что при $k = -1.5$ прямая $y = -1.5x$ проходит сразу через обе выколотые точки. В этом случае у прямой и графика нет ни одной общей точки, так как обе точки пересечения "выколоты".

Следовательно, не существует таких значений $k$, при которых прямая и график имеют ровно одну общую точку.

Ответ: таких значений $k$ нет.

2) не имеет с графиком общих точек.

Рассмотрим, в каких случаях у прямой и графика нет общих точек.

Случай 1: Уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{k}$ не имеет действительных корней. Это происходит, когда правая часть отрицательна: $-\frac{6}{k} < 0$, что эквивалентно $k > 0$.

Случай 2: При $k=0$ прямая $y=0$ (ось Ox) не пересекает гиперболу $y = -6/x$.

Случай 3: Прямая проходит только через выколотые точки. Как мы выяснили в предыдущем пункте, это происходит при $k = -1.5$. При этом значении $k$ уравнение $x^2 = -\frac{6}{-1.5} = 4$ дает корни $x=2$ и $x=-2$, которые соответствуют абсциссам выколотых точек. Таким образом, при $k = -1.5$ у прямой и графика нет общих точек.

Объединяя все случаи, получаем, что прямая не имеет с графиком общих точек при $k \ge 0$ и при $k = -1.5$.

Ответ: $k = -1.5$ и $k \in [0; +\infty)$.

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