Номер 3, страница 51 - гдз по биологии 8 класс учебник Пасечник, Каменский

Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019

Авторы: Пасечник В. В., Каменский А. А., Швецов Г. Г.

Тип: Учебник

Серия: линия жизни

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Цвет обложки: с улиткой

ISBN: 978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации

Глава 2. Опора и движение. Параграф 11. Работа мышц и её регуляция. Вопросы в конце параграфа - номер 3, страница 51.

App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 1446397
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "51"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/11-3-3"
    "field_display_title" => "3"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Term {#1029
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "terms"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 26
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "name" => "номер"
            "field_cases" => array:6 [
              "field_accusative_case" => "номер"
              "field_creative_case" => "номером"
              "field_dative_case" => "номеру"
              "field_genitive_case" => "номера"
              "field_nominative_case" => "номер"
              "field_prepositional_case" => "номере"
            ]
            "field_short_name" => ""
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "field_match" => null
    "breadcrumbs" => []
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446107
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Опора и движение"
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1033
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "31"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1032
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 589
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1035
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6475
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Биология"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "biologiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6475
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Биология"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "biologiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1037
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1039
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040
                      #items: array:3 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1041
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5420
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Пасечник"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук"
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Владимир"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника"
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5420
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Пасечник"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук"
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Владимир"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
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                          #touches: []
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1042
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4539
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Каменский"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук"
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Андрей"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Александрович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского"
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4539
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Каменский"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук"
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Андрей"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Александрович"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
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                          #touches: []
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                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Term {#1043
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6304
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Швецов"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => "кандидата педагогических наук"
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Глеб"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 6304
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Швецов"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => "кандидата педагогических наук"
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                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Глеб"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
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                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
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                          ]
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                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1046
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:10 [
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
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                          #original: array:10 [
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                            "updated_at" => null
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                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1048
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1050
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1052
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4725
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "линия жизни"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "liniya zhizni"
                          ]
                          #original: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4725
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "линия жизни"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "liniya zhizni"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1056
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (старый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => null
                            "field_end_year" => "2022"
                            "field_start_year" => "2019"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos-old"
                            "field_type" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (старый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => null
                            "field_end_year" => "2022"
                            "field_start_year" => "2019"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos-old"
                            "field_type" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "8"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 34
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "переработанное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 34
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "переработанное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1041}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук"
                    "field_cover_description" => "с улиткой"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "493"
                    "field_priority" => "8"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
                        "height" => "1576"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 379
                      "subject" => 552
                      "class_subject" => 459
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 589
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055}
                    "field_publication_number" => "8"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук"
                    "field_cover_description" => "с улиткой"
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "493"
                    "field_priority" => "8"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
                        "height" => "1576"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062}
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 379
                      "subject" => 552
                      "class_subject" => 459
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446107
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Опора и движение"
            "field_branch_order" => "2"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333}
            "field_page_start" => "31"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065
      #items: array:3 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023}
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1066
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446122
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Работа мышц и её регуляция"
            "field_branch_order" => "11"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1068
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1032}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1071
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1446107
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Опора и движение"
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "31"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1446107
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Опора и движение"
                    "field_branch_order" => "2"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "31"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446122
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Работа мышц и её регуляция"
            "field_branch_order" => "11"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067}
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1075
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> На утомление мышцы в процессе её работы влияют следующие факторы:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Интенсивность и продолжительность нагрузки.</em> Чем выше нагрузка и дольше работа, тем быстрее наступает утомление.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Ритм сокращений.</em> При оптимальном ритме, когда периоды сокращения сменяются периодами расслабления, мышца может работать дольше.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <em>Состояние центральной нервной системы.</em> Утомление возникает не только в мышце, но и в нервных клетках, которые ею управляют.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> <em>Накопление продуктов обмена веществ.</em> В мышце накапливается молочная кислота, что снижает её работоспособность.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> <em>Истощение энергетических запасов.</em> Уменьшается количество АТФ и гликогена в мышечных волокнах.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> <em>Степень тренированности организма.</em> Тренированные мышцы утомляются медленнее.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> На утомление мышцы в процессе её работы влияют следующие факторы:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Интенсивность и продолжительность нагрузки.</em> Чем выше нагрузка и дольше работа, тем быстрее наступает утомление.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Ритм сокращений.</em> При оптимальном ритме, когда периоды сокращения сменяются периодами расслабления, мышца может работать дольше.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <em>Состояние центральной нервной системы.</em> Утомление возникает не только в мышце, но и в нервных клетках, которые ею управляют.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> <em>Накопление продуктов обмена веществ.</em> В мышце накапливается молочная кислота, что снижает её работоспособность.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> <em>Истощение энергетических запасов.</em> Уменьшается количество АТФ и гликогена в мышечных волокнах.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> <em>Степень тренированности организма.</em> Тренированные мышцы утомляются медленнее.</p>"
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                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2}
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                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2}
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                  ]
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                }
                4 => App\Models\Task {#1260
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                }
                5 => App\Models\Task {#1273
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
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                }
                6 => App\Models\Task {#1286
                  #connection: "mysql"
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  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
№3 (с. 51)
Условие. №3 (с. 51)
скриншот условия
Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, страница 51, номер 3, Условие

3. Что влияет на утомление мышцы в процессе ее работы?

Решение 1. №3 (с. 51)
Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, страница 51, номер 3, Решение 1
Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, страница 51, номер 3, Решение 1 (продолжение 2)
Решение 2. №3 (с. 51)

3. На утомление мышцы в процессе её работы влияют следующие факторы:

1. Интенсивность и продолжительность нагрузки. Чем выше нагрузка и дольше работа, тем быстрее наступает утомление.

2. Ритм сокращений. При оптимальном ритме, когда периоды сокращения сменяются периодами расслабления, мышца может работать дольше.

3. Состояние центральной нервной системы. Утомление возникает не только в мышце, но и в нервных клетках, которые ею управляют.

4. Накопление продуктов обмена веществ. В мышце накапливается молочная кислота, что снижает её работоспособность.

5. Истощение энергетических запасов. Уменьшается количество АТФ и гликогена в мышечных волокнах.

6. Степень тренированности организма. Тренированные мышцы утомляются медленнее.

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