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Номер 1, страница 215 - гдз по биологии 8 класс учебник Пасечник, Каменский
Авторы: Пасечник В. В., Каменский А. А., Швецов Г. Г.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: линия жизни
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
Цвет обложки: с улиткой
ISBN: 978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)
Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 12. Психика и поведение человека. Высшая нервная деятельность. Параграф 51. Врождённое и приобретённое поведение. анализируем изученный материал - номер 1, страница 215.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446742 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Психика и поведение человека. Высшая нервная деятельность" "field_branch_order" => "12" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "205" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 589 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6475 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Биология" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "биологию" "field_creative_case" => "биологией" "field_dative_case" => "биологии" "field_genitive_case" => "биологии" "field_nominative_case" => "биология" "field_prepositional_case" => "биологии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "biologiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6475 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Биология" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "биологию" "field_creative_case" => "биологией" "field_dative_case" => "биологии" "field_genitive_case" => "биологии" "field_nominative_case" => "биология" "field_prepositional_case" => "биологии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "biologiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5420 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пасечник" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5420 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пасечник" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4539 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Каменский" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4539 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Каменский" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Андрей" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1059 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6304 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Швецов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "кандидата педагогических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Глеб" "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6304 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Швецов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => "кандидата педагогических наук" "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Глеб" "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4725 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "линия жизни" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "liniya zhizni" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4725 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "линия жизни" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "liniya zhizni" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null …5 ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "8" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => "с улиткой" "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "493" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 552 "class_subject" => 459 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 589 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_publication_number" => "8" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук" "field_cover_description" => "с улиткой" "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "493" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759688751" "alt" => "" "width" => "1200" "height" => "1576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 552 "class_subject" => 459 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Психика и поведение человека. Высшая нервная деятельность" "field_branch_order" => "12" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "205" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Психика и поведение человека. Высшая нервная деятельность" "field_branch_order" => "12" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "205" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Психика и поведение человека. Высшая нервная деятельность" "field_branch_order" => "12" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_page_start" => "205" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Врождённое и приобретённое поведение" "field_branch_order" => "51" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1127 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "214" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Врождённое и приобретённое поведение" "field_branch_order" => "51" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_page_start" => "214" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446281 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "анализируем изученный материал" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "215" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Врождённое и приобретённое поведение" "field_branch_order" => "51" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "214" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Врождённое и приобретённое поведение" "field_branch_order" => "51" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_page_start" => "214" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446281 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "анализируем изученный материал" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_page_start" => "215" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1723770 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6247 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6247 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => 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#escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446742" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Используя дополнительную литературу, подготовьте доклады о проявлениях рассудочной деятельности у животных.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "444" "height" => 129 "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/0-51-4/1-1.webp?ts=1760006293" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1723770 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446742" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Используя дополнительную литературу, подготовьте доклады о проявлениях рассудочной деятельности у животных.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "444" "height" => 129 "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/0-51-4/1-1.webp?ts=1760006293" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1724026 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6248 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Инна" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6248 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Инна" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446742" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1954" "height" => 2419 "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/1-51-4/1-1.webp?ts=1760006431" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1896" "height" => 923 "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/1-51-4/1-2.webp?ts=1760006431" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1724026 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446742" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1954" "height" => 2419 "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/1-51-4/1-1.webp?ts=1760006431" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1896" "height" => 923 "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/1-51-4/1-2.webp?ts=1760006431" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1086 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1833724 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1089 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6754 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6754 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446742" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Рассудочная деятельность, или элементарное мышление, является высшей формой приспособительного поведения животных. Она позволяет животным улавливать закономерности, связывающие предметы и явления окружающего мира, и использовать эти знания для решения новых, нестандартных задач, которые не могут быть решены инстинктивно или путем простого научения.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Человекообразные обезьяны (шимпанзе, орангутаны).</em> Эти приматы демонстрируют сложные формы мышления. Они активно используют и даже изготавливают орудия труда: палки для извлечения насекомых, камни для раскалывания орехов. Классические опыты показали их способность к <em>инсайту</em> (озарению) — внезапному, не основанному на пробах и ошибках, решению задачи. Например, шимпанзе мог построить пирамиду из ящиков, чтобы достать высоко подвешенный банан, предварительно «продумав» решение.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Врановые птицы (вороны, грачи, сойки).</em> Интеллект этих птиц считается одним из самых высоких в животном мире. Новокаледонские вороны известны своей способностью создавать сложные орудия: они не просто используют ветки, но и могут сгибать проволоку в крючок для извлечения пищи. В экспериментах вороны демонстрировали понимание причинно-следственных связей, например, бросая камни в сосуд с водой, чтобы поднять уровень и добраться до плавающего на поверхности корма.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <em>Дельфины.</em> Эти морские млекопитающие обладают сложным мозгом и демонстрируют наличие самосознания, узнавая себя в зеркале. Они используют орудия, например, надевают морские губки на рострум (нос) для защиты при поиске пищи на дне. Система их звуковых сигналов настолько развита, что многие исследователи говорят о наличии у них сложного языка, включающего индивидуальные «имена».</p><p><strong>4.</strong> <em>Слоны.</em> Обладают превосходной памятью, способны помнить других особей и людей на протяжении многих лет. Они проявляют сложные социальные эмоции, такие как скорбь по умершим сородичам, и способны к совместным действиям для решения задач, например, чтобы добыть пищу, до которой невозможно добраться в одиночку.</p><p>Ниже представлена таблица с примерами проявлений рассудочной деятельности у разных видов животных.</p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Животное</strong></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Проявление рассудочной деятельности</strong></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Пример</strong></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Шимпанзе</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Изготовление и использование орудий</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Использование очищенной от листьев ветки для добычи термитов.</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Новокаледонский ворон</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Решение многоэтапных задач</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Создание крючка из проволоки для извлечения пищи из узкой трубки.</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Дельфин-афалина</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Наличие самосознания и культурная передача навыков</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Узнавание себя в зеркале, использование губки для защиты носа.</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Слон</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Проявление сложных эмоций и кооперация</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Совместное вытягивание веревки для получения угощения.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1833724 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446742" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Рассудочная деятельность, или элементарное мышление, является высшей формой приспособительного поведения животных. Она позволяет животным улавливать закономерности, связывающие предметы и явления окружающего мира, и использовать эти знания для решения новых, нестандартных задач, которые не могут быть решены инстинктивно или путем простого научения.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Человекообразные обезьяны (шимпанзе, орангутаны).</em> Эти приматы демонстрируют сложные формы мышления. Они активно используют и даже изготавливают орудия труда: палки для извлечения насекомых, камни для раскалывания орехов. Классические опыты показали их способность к <em>инсайту</em> (озарению) — внезапному, не основанному на пробах и ошибках, решению задачи. Например, шимпанзе мог построить пирамиду из ящиков, чтобы достать высоко подвешенный банан, предварительно «продумав» решение.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Врановые птицы (вороны, грачи, сойки).</em> Интеллект этих птиц считается одним из самых высоких в животном мире. Новокаледонские вороны известны своей способностью создавать сложные орудия: они не просто используют ветки, но и могут сгибать проволоку в крючок для извлечения пищи. В экспериментах вороны демонстрировали понимание причинно-следственных связей, например, бросая камни в сосуд с водой, чтобы поднять уровень и добраться до плавающего на поверхности корма.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <em>Дельфины.</em> Эти морские млекопитающие обладают сложным мозгом и демонстрируют наличие самосознания, узнавая себя в зеркале. Они используют орудия, например, надевают морские губки на рострум (нос) для защиты при поиске пищи на дне. Система их звуковых сигналов настолько развита, что многие исследователи говорят о наличии у них сложного языка, включающего индивидуальные «имена».</p><p><strong>4.</strong> <em>Слоны.</em> Обладают превосходной памятью, способны помнить других особей и людей на протяжении многих лет. Они проявляют сложные социальные эмоции, такие как скорбь по умершим сородичам, и способны к совместным действиям для решения задач, например, чтобы добыть пищу, до которой невозможно добраться в одиночку.</p><p>Ниже представлена таблица с примерами проявлений рассудочной деятельности у разных видов животных.</p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Животное</strong></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Проявление рассудочной деятельности</strong></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Пример</strong></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Шимпанзе</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Изготовление и использование орудий</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Использование очищенной от листьев ветки для добычи термитов.</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Новокаледонский ворон</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Решение многоэтапных задач</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Создание крючка из проволоки для извлечения пищи из узкой трубки.</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Дельфин-афалина</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Наличие самосознания и культурная передача навыков</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Узнавание себя в зеркале, использование губки для защиты носа.</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Слон</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Проявление сложных эмоций и кооперация</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Совместное вытягивание веревки для получения угощения.</td></tr></tbody></table></div>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446743" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446741" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1446040 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-215" "field_display_title" => "215" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "215" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1723062 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1723062 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446041" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446039" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1234 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446739 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446739 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1274 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446740 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446740 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1278 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446741 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1297 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446742 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446742 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1284 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1446743 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-5-1" "field_display_title" => "Подумайте!" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446743 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-5-1" "field_display_title" => "Подумайте!" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1446040 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-215" "field_display_title" => "215" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "215" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446041" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446039" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1446742 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "215" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/51-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446743" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446741" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1446040" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№1 (с. 215)
Условие. №1 (с. 215)
скриншот условия
Используя дополнительную литературу, подготовьте доклады о проявлениях рассудочной деятельности у животных.
Решение 1. №1 (с. 215)
Решение 2. №1 (с. 215)
Рассудочная деятельность, или элементарное мышление, является высшей формой приспособительного поведения животных. Она позволяет животным улавливать закономерности, связывающие предметы и явления окружающего мира, и использовать эти знания для решения новых, нестандартных задач, которые не могут быть решены инстинктивно или путем простого научения.
1. Человекообразные обезьяны (шимпанзе, орангутаны). Эти приматы демонстрируют сложные формы мышления. Они активно используют и даже изготавливают орудия труда: палки для извлечения насекомых, камни для раскалывания орехов. Классические опыты показали их способность к инсайту (озарению) — внезапному, не основанному на пробах и ошибках, решению задачи. Например, шимпанзе мог построить пирамиду из ящиков, чтобы достать высоко подвешенный банан, предварительно «продумав» решение.
2. Врановые птицы (вороны, грачи, сойки). Интеллект этих птиц считается одним из самых высоких в животном мире. Новокаледонские вороны известны своей способностью создавать сложные орудия: они не просто используют ветки, но и могут сгибать проволоку в крючок для извлечения пищи. В экспериментах вороны демонстрировали понимание причинно-следственных связей, например, бросая камни в сосуд с водой, чтобы поднять уровень и добраться до плавающего на поверхности корма.
3. Дельфины. Эти морские млекопитающие обладают сложным мозгом и демонстрируют наличие самосознания, узнавая себя в зеркале. Они используют орудия, например, надевают морские губки на рострум (нос) для защиты при поиске пищи на дне. Система их звуковых сигналов настолько развита, что многие исследователи говорят о наличии у них сложного языка, включающего индивидуальные «имена».
4. Слоны. Обладают превосходной памятью, способны помнить других особей и людей на протяжении многих лет. Они проявляют сложные социальные эмоции, такие как скорбь по умершим сородичам, и способны к совместным действиям для решения задач, например, чтобы добыть пищу, до которой невозможно добраться в одиночку.
Ниже представлена таблица с примерами проявлений рассудочной деятельности у разных видов животных.
| Животное | Проявление рассудочной деятельности | Пример |
| Шимпанзе | Изготовление и использование орудий | Использование очищенной от листьев ветки для добычи термитов. |
| Новокаледонский ворон | Решение многоэтапных задач | Создание крючка из проволоки для извлечения пищи из узкой трубки. |
| Дельфин-афалина | Наличие самосознания и культурная передача навыков | Узнавание себя в зеркале, использование губки для защиты носа. |
| Слон | Проявление сложных эмоций и кооперация | Совместное вытягивание веревки для получения угощения. |
Другие задания:
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