Страница 48 - гдз по биологии 8 класс учебник Пасечник, Каменский

Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019

Авторы: Пасечник В. В., Каменский А. А., Швецов Г. Г.

Тип: Учебник

Серия: линия жизни

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

Цвет обложки: с улиткой

ISBN: 978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации

Cтраница 48

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:21 [
    "id" => 1445873
    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "48"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-48"
    "field_display_title" => "48"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "48"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Book {#1006
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:50 [
            "id" => 589
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1007
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6475
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Биология"
                    "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "биологию"
                      "field_creative_case" => "биологией"
                      "field_dative_case" => "биологии"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "биологии"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "биология"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "биологии"
                    ]
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                    "field_translit" => "biologiya"
                  ]
                  #original: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6475
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Биология"
                    "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                      "field_dative_case" => "биологии"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "биологии"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "биология"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "биологии"
                    ]
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                    "field_translit" => "biologiya"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1011
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5457
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "8"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
                      "field_creative_case" => "восьмым"
                      "field_dative_case" => "восьмому"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5457
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                    "updated_at" => null
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                      "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
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                      "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1013
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5153
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Просвещение"
                    "field_cases" => null
                    "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5153
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Просвещение"
                    "field_cases" => null
                    "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1015
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 5420
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Пасечник"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук"
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Владимир"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич"
                    "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника"
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [
                    "id" => 5420
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Пасечник"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => "доктора педагогических наук"
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Владимир"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич"
                    "field_surname_rp" => "Пасечника"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Term {#1016
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 4539
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Каменский"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук"
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Андрей"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Александрович"
                    "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского"
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [
                    "id" => 4539
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Каменский"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => "доктора биологических наук"
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Андрей"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Александрович"
                    "field_surname_rp" => "Каменского"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Term {#1017
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 6304
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Швецов"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => "кандидата педагогических наук"
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Глеб"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [
                    "id" => 6304
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Швецов"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => "кандидата педагогических наук"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Глеб"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Геннадьевич"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #classCastCache: []
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1019
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1020
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6671
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Учебник"
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                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "учебник"
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                      "field_genitive_case" => "учебника"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                    ]
                    "field_plural_form" => null
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                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
                  #original: array:10 [
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                      "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                    ]
                    "field_plural_form" => null
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                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
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              ]
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            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1022
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "field_translit" => "rossiya"
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            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1026
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "линия жизни"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                    "field_transcription_eng" => null
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            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027
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            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1030
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            "field_publication_number" => "8"
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1032
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                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                    "id" => 34
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe"
                  ]
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                    "name" => "переработанное"
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                    ]
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1015}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => "доктора педагогических наук"
            "field_cover_description" => "с улиткой"
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
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            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Российской Федерации"
            "field_reserve_field" => null
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            "field_tasks_count" => "493"
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            "field_default_folder" => "/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-09- 072141-7 (2019)"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/covers/cover1.webp"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
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              0 => array:4 [
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                "alt" => ""
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              ]
            ]
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            ]
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            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018}
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037}
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    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1048
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1050
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                    }
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
                      #items: []
                       …1
                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …1}
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
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                "alt" => null
                "width" => "942"
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                "path" => "/media/biologija_08/pasechnik-u19/0-1/48-1.webp"
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      ]
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    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5396
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        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5395
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          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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          #attributes: array:21 [
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5522
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                0 => App\Models\Element {#5519
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5520 …2}
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5400
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5522}
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    "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5391
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        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5390
          #connection: "mysql"
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          #attributes: array:21 [
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            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5392
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            }
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5404
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#5403
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5405 …2}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
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                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "31"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1153
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1446122
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Работа мышц и её регуляция"
                    "field_branch_order" => "11"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "48"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1446122
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Работа мышц и её регуляция"
                    "field_branch_order" => "11"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "48"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1158
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1446123
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Вспомините"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "48"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:23 [
                    "id" => 1446123
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Вспомините"
                    "field_branch_order" => null
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "48"
                    "field_branch_display" => "0"
                    "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
                    "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
                    "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
                    "field_navigation_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2}
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1129
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 1723184
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Что такое рефлекс и рефлекторная дуга?</p>"
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 1723184
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Что такое рефлекс и рефлекторная дуга?</p>"
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1127
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1723409
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1723409
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1122
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1833374
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Рефлекс</strong> — это ответная реакция организма на раздражение, осуществляемая и контролируемая центральной нервной системой.</p><p><strong>Рефлекторная дуга</strong> — это путь, по которому нервный импульс проходит от рецептора (органа, воспринимающего раздражение) к исполнительному органу.</p>"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1833374
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Рефлекс</strong> — это ответная реакция организма на раздражение, осуществляемая и контролируемая центральной нервной системой.</p><p><strong>Рефлекторная дуга</strong> — это путь, по которому нервный импульс проходит от рецептора (органа, воспринимающего раздражение) к исполнительному органу.</p>"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446393"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446391"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1445873"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446392
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/11-1-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446393"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446391"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1445873"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Task {#1100
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446393
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/11-1-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1061}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1148}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1148}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1153}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1158}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1139
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 1723185
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Какова роль скелетных мышц в осуществлении рефлексов?</p>"
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 1723185
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Какова роль скелетных мышц в осуществлении рефлексов?</p>"
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1144
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1723410
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1723410
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "img" => array:1 [ …1]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1142
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1833375
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Скелетные мышцы в рефлексах выполняют роль <em>исполнительного органа</em> (эффектора). Являясь конечным звеном рефлекторной дуги, они получают команду от центральной нервной системы и своим сокращением осуществляют ответное действие (движение).</p>"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1833375
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2}
                    "task" => array:2 [ …2]
                    "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Скелетные мышцы в рефлексах выполняют роль <em>исполнительного органа</em> (эффектора). Являясь конечным звеном рефлекторной дуги, они получают команду от центральной нервной системы и своим сокращением осуществляют ответное действие (движение).</p>"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446394"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446392"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1445873"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1446393
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "48"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/11-1-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446394"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1446392"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1445873"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
  ]
  #original: array:21 [
    "id" => 1445873
    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "48"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologija/pasechnik/page-48"
    "field_display_title" => "48"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "48"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049}
    "next" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1445874"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1445872"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042}
  ]
  #changes: []
  #casts: []
  #classCastCache: []
  #attributeCastCache: []
  #dateFormat: null
  #appends: []
  #dispatchesEvents: []
  #observables: []
  #relations: []
  #touches: []
  +timestamps: true
  +usesUniqueIds: false
  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
  #fillable: []
  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Пасечник Владимир Васильевич, Каменский Андрей Александрович, Швецов Глеб Геннадьевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019, страница 48
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