Страница 158 - гдз по биологии 8 класс учебник Латюшин, Шапкин

Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Латюшин Виталий Викторович, Шапкин Владимир Алексеевич, Озерова Жанна Анатольевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2021, белого цвета

Авторы: Латюшин В. В., Шапкин В. А., Озерова Ж. А.

Тип: Учебник

Серия: линейный курс

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2021 - 2026

Цвет обложки: белый с совой

ISBN: 978-5-09-113627-2 (2024), 978-5-09-080663-3 (2021)

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Cтраница 158

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
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  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:21 [
    "id" => 1093298
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "158"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/page-158"
    "field_display_title" => "158"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "158"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041
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        0 => App\Models\Book {#1006
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
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          #attributes: array:50 [
            "id" => 4395
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1007
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                }
              ]
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            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012
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                }
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            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014
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                }
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                2 => App\Models\Term {#1017
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                }
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1022
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                  #with: []
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1024
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1026
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                }
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            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028
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            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029
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    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5695
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5710
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                0 => App\Models\Element {#5709
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                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#5719
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    "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5686
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    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040
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            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1082
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
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                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
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                }
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1109
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
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                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
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                  +exists: true
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                  #attributes: array:7 [ …7]
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1107
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
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                  #appends: []
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                  #observables: []
                   …8
                }
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1102 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094004"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
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          #original: array:24 [
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
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            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074}
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            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117}
            "next" => array:2 [
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            "previous" => array:2 [
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113}
            "page" => array:2 [
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Task {#1075
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
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            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1076 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1118 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1127 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094005"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094003"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
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          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094004
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094005"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094003"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Task {#1116
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094005
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1144 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1154 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1156 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094006"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094004"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
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          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094005
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094006"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094004"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        3 => App\Models\Task {#1088
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094006
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1166 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1168 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1170 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094007"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094005"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
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          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094006
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094007"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094005"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        4 => App\Models\Task {#1142
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094007
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1180 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1182 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1184 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094008"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094006"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094007
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094008"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094006"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        5 => App\Models\Task {#1161
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094008
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-6"
            "field_display_title" => "6"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1194 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1196 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1198 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094009"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094007"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094008
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-6"
            "field_display_title" => "6"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094009"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094007"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        6 => App\Models\Task {#1175
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094009
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-2-7"
            "field_display_title" => "7"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1133}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1138}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1208 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1210 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1212 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094010"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094008"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187}
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            0 => "*"
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        }
        7 => App\Models\Task {#1189
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
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          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #perPage: 15
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-3-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1300 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1304 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1308 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1278 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1275 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1273 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "next" => array:2 [
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "page" => array:2 [
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            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-3-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186}
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            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283}
            "next" => array:2 [
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
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          ]
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          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        8 => App\Models\Task {#1247
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
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          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1094011
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "158"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-3-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1071}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1300 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1300 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1304 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1308 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1263 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1262 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1261 …30}
              ]
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            }
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268
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        9 => App\Models\Task {#1251
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            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1300 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1300 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1304 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1308 …30}
              ]
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            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1286 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1248 …30}
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-3-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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        10 => App\Models\Task {#1270
          #connection: "mysql"
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          #keyType: "int"
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            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253
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                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1300 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1345
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1355 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1359 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1363 …30}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338
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                0 => App\Models\Element {#1333 …30}
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1330 …30}
                2 => App\Models\Element {#1328 …30}
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1337
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                0 => App\Models\Book {#1006}
              ]
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/biologiya/latjushin-uchebnik/19-5-1"
            "field_display_title" => "1"
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255}
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            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1345}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1094014"
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            ]
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              "refs" => "1094012"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1337}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1093298"
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          ]
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  ]
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    "field_display_title" => "158"
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    "field_image_name" => "158"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
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    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
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      "refs" => "1093299"
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    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1093297"
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    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040}
  ]
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  +timestamps: true
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  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
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  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
Биология, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Латюшин Виталий Викторович, Шапкин Владимир Алексеевич, Озерова Жанна Анатольевна, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2021, белого цвета, страница 158
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