Grammar, страница 19 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс учебник Комарова, Ларионова

Unit 1. Interesting Lives. Language Guide - страница 19.

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App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "tasks"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:24 [
    "id" => 352584
    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "19"
    "field_page_end" => null
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/english/komarova-uchebnik/1vg-1"
    "field_display_title" => "Grammar"
    "field_outside_task" => null
    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "field_match" => null
    "breadcrumbs" => []
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1044
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 352391
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Interesting Lives"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 6716
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Unit"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => null
                      "field_creative_case" => null
                      "field_dative_case" => null
                      "field_genitive_case" => null
                      "field_nominative_case" => null
                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 6716
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Unit"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => null
                      "field_creative_case" => null
                      "field_dative_case" => null
                      "field_genitive_case" => null
                      "field_nominative_case" => null
                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "9"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1056
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 780
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1058
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6472
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Английский язык"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => "англ. яз."
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "английский язык"
                              "field_creative_case" => "английским языком"
                              "field_dative_case" => "английскому языку"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "английского языка"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "английский язык"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "английском языке"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => "english"
                            "field_short_name" => "английский"
                            "field_subject_type" => "humanitarian_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "english"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6472
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Английский язык"
                            "field_abbreviated_name" => "англ. яз."
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "английский язык"
                              "field_creative_case" => "английским языком"
                              "field_dative_case" => "английскому языку"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "английского языка"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "английский язык"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "английском языке"
                            ]
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => "english"
                            "field_short_name" => "английский"
                            "field_subject_type" => "humanitarian_subject"
                            "field_translit" => "english"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1060
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_creative_case" => "восьмым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "восьмому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5457
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "8"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_creative_case" => "восьмым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "восьмому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "vosmoj"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1062
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5176
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Русское слово"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5176
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Русское слово"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059
                      #items: array:2 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1064
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4643
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Комарова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Юлия"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Александровна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4643
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Комарова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Юлия"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Александровна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1066
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4951
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ларионова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Ирина"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4951
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ларионова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Ирина"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1067
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6725
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => "Student's book"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6725
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => "Student's book"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1070
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
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                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1072
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1074
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4715
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "инновационная школа"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "innovacionnaya shkola"
                          ]
                          #original: array:8 [
                            "id" => 4715
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "инновационная школа"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_series" => null
                            "field_transcription_eng" => null
                            "field_translit" => "innovacionnaya shkola"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1078
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (старый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_color" => null
                            "field_end_year" => "2022"
                            "field_start_year" => "2019"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos-old"
                            "field_type" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6706
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (старый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => null
                              "field_creative_case" => null
                              "field_dative_case" => null
                              "field_genitive_case" => null
                              "field_nominative_case" => null
                              "field_prepositional_case" => null
                            ]
                            "field_color" => null
                            "field_end_year" => "2022"
                            "field_start_year" => "2019"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos-old"
                            "field_type" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "9"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2013"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "606"
                    "field_priority" => "26"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/english_08/komarova-u22/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-02468-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/english_08/komarova-u22/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1735231455"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/english_08/komarova-u22/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1735231455"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
                        "height" => "1595"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/english/komarova-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1085
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 53
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "розовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "розовый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "розовым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "розовому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "розового"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "розовый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "розовом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rozovyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 53
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "розовый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [
                              "field_accusative_case" => "розовый"
                              "field_creative_case" => "розовым"
                              "field_dative_case" => "розовому"
                              "field_genitive_case" => "розового"
                              "field_nominative_case" => "розовый"
                              "field_prepositional_case" => "розовом"
                            ]
                            "field_translit" => "rozovyy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 379
                      "subject" => 547
                      "class_subject" => 429
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 780
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081}
                    "field_publication_number" => "9"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2013"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "606"
                    "field_priority" => "26"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/english_08/komarova-u22/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-02468-6"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [
                      0 => "/media/english_08/komarova-u22/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1735231455"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
                      0 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/english_08/komarova-u22/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1735231455"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "1200"
                        "height" => "1595"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084}
                    "field_url" => "/8-klass/english/komarova-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 379
                      "subject" => 547
                      "class_subject" => 429
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 352391
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Interesting Lives"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049}
            "field_page_start" => "9"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Branch {#1119
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 352391
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Interesting Lives"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "9"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1056}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 352391
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Interesting Lives"
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
            "field_page_start" => "9"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1123
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 352401
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Language Guide"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "18"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1056}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1044}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 352401
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Language Guide"
            "field_branch_order" => null
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124}
            "field_page_start" => "18"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:4 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1099
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 406973
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1100
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 1000
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1098
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Grammar</strong></p><p><strong>Present simple and present continuous</strong></p><p><strong>present simple</strong></p><ul> <li> <p>We use the present simple for routines and habits.</p> <p>They do <em>voluntary work</em> every week.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the third person singular (he / she / it) we add -s to the verb.</p> <p>It takes at least six months to do a Bronze Award.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the negative and questions we use the auxiliary do / does.</p> <p>She doesn’t go on an expedition every year.</p> <p>Do you play football on Fridays?</p> </li></ul><p><strong>present continuous</strong></p><ul> <li> <p>We use the present continuous to describe what is happening at the moment.</p> <p>Thousands of people <em>are doing</em> the D of E Awards now.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the affirmative and negative, the order is subject + <em>be</em> (not) + verb + <em>-ing</em>.</p> <p>He is <em>watching</em> TV.</p> </li> <li> <p>In questions, the order is <em>be</em> + subject + verb + <em>-ing</em>.</p> <p>Are you <em>doing</em> the D of E Awards?</p> </li> <li> <p>In short answers, we don’t repeat the verb + <em>-ing</em>.</p> <p>Yes, I am. ✓ <em>Yes, I am doing.</em> ✗</p> </li></ul><p><strong>Time expressions</strong></p><ul> <li> <p>We use always, every day, twice a week, etc with the present simple.</p> <p>I <em>always help</em> at training.</p> <p>They play computer games <em>every day</em>.</p> <p>My brother does voluntary work <em>twice a week</em>.</p> </li> <li> <p>We use at the moment, now, today, etc with the present continuous.</p> <p>We’re waiting for our teacher <em>at the moment</em>.</p> <p>It isn’t raining <em>now</em>.</p> <p>You’re wearing new jeans <em>today</em>.</p> </li></ul><p><strong>Adverbs of frequency</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">never</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">sometimes</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">often</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">usually</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">always</td> </tr></tbody></table></div><ul> <li> <p>We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do something.</p> </li> <li> <p>Adverbs of frequency usually go before the verb.</p> <p>He <em>often studies</em> in the library on Saturdays.</p> </li> <li> <p>Adverbs of frequency go after <em>be</em>.</p> <p>I am <em>never late</em> for school.</p> </li></ul><p><strong>be: past simple</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>affirmative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">I / He / She / It was</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">famous.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">We / You / They were</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">writers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>negative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">I / He / She / It wasn’t (was not)</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Spanish.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">We / You / They weren’t (were not)</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">French.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>questions</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Was I / he / she / it</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">English?</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Were we / you / they</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">scientists?</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>short answers</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, I / he / she / it was. / No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, we / you / they were. / No, we / you / they weren’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>there was / there were</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>affirmative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There was an African winner.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There were other winners.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>negative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There wasn’t an African winner.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There weren’t other winners.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>questions</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Was there an African winner?</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Were there other winners?</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>short answers</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><p>Grammar bank → Workbook p98</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Grammar</strong></p><p><strong>Present simple and present continuous</strong></p><p><strong>present simple</strong></p><ul> <li> <p>We use the present simple for routines and habits.</p> <p>They do <em>voluntary work</em> every week.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the third person singular (he / she / it) we add -s to the verb.</p> <p>It takes at least six months to do a Bronze Award.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the negative and questions we use the auxiliary do / does.</p> <p>She doesn’t go on an expedition every year.</p> <p>Do you play football on Fridays?</p> </li></ul><p><strong>present continuous</strong></p><ul> <li> <p>We use the present continuous to describe what is happening at the moment.</p> <p>Thousands of people <em>are doing</em> the D of E Awards now.</p> </li> <li> <p>In the affirmative and negative, the order is subject + <em>be</em> (not) + verb + <em>-ing</em>.</p> <p>He is <em>watching</em> TV.</p> </li> <li> <p>In questions, the order is <em>be</em> + subject + verb + <em>-ing</em>.</p> <p>Are you <em>doing</em> the D of E Awards?</p> </li> <li> <p>In short answers, we don’t repeat the verb + <em>-ing</em>.</p> <p>Yes, I am. ✓ <em>Yes, I am doing.</em> ✗</p> </li></ul><p><strong>Time expressions</strong></p><ul> <li> <p>We use always, every day, twice a week, etc with the present simple.</p> <p>I <em>always help</em> at training.</p> <p>They play computer games <em>every day</em>.</p> <p>My brother does voluntary work <em>twice a week</em>.</p> </li> <li> <p>We use at the moment, now, today, etc with the present continuous.</p> <p>We’re waiting for our teacher <em>at the moment</em>.</p> <p>It isn’t raining <em>now</em>.</p> <p>You’re wearing new jeans <em>today</em>.</p> </li></ul><p><strong>Adverbs of frequency</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">never</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">sometimes</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">often</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">usually</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">always</td> </tr></tbody></table></div><ul> <li> <p>We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do something.</p> </li> <li> <p>Adverbs of frequency usually go before the verb.</p> <p>He <em>often studies</em> in the library on Saturdays.</p> </li> <li> <p>Adverbs of frequency go after <em>be</em>.</p> <p>I am <em>never late</em> for school.</p> </li></ul><p><strong>be: past simple</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>affirmative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">I / He / She / It was</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">famous.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">We / You / They were</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">writers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>negative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">I / He / She / It wasn’t (was not)</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Spanish.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">We / You / They weren’t (were not)</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">French.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>questions</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Was I / he / she / it</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">English?</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Were we / you / they</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">scientists?</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>short answers</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, I / he / she / it was. / No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, we / you / they were. / No, we / you / they weren’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>there was / there were</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>affirmative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There was an African winner.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There were other winners.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>negative</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There wasn’t an African winner.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">There weren’t other winners.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>questions</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Was there an African winner?</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Were there other winners?</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>short answers</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td> </tr></tbody></table></div><p>Grammar bank → Workbook p98</p>"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090
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                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
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                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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        3 => App\Models\Element {#1038
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          #table: "elements"
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1110
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                          #table: "terms"
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                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
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                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 7013
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                            "name" => "Gemini 2.5 Flash"
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                            "name" => "Gemini 2.5 Flash"
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                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                  ]
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Ты играешь в футбол по пятницам?</strong></p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> I don't play football on Fridays. (Я не играю в футбол по пятницам.)</p>"
          ]
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              "type" => "task"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Ты играешь в футбол по пятницам?</strong></p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> I don't play football on Fridays. (Я не играю в футбол по пятницам.)</p>"
          ]
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      #items: array:1 [
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      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
      #items: array:1 [
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          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
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            "field_display_title" => "19"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "19"
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              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
              #items: array:1 [
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                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                    "id" => 1188427
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                        "width" => "2410"
                        "height" => 3493
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                      "type" => "book_page"
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Grammar (с. 19)

Просмотр Редак-ть Редак-ть (переопр)

Условие. Grammar (с. 19)

Редак-ть Редакция

скриншот условия

Grammar

Present simple and present continuous

present simple

• We use the present simple for routines and habits.

  They do voluntary work every week.

• In the third person singular (he / she / it) we add -s to the verb.

  It takes at least six months to do a Bronze Award.

• In the negative and questions we use the auxiliary do / does.

  She doesn’t go on an expedition every year.

  Do you play football on Fridays?

present continuous

• We use the present continuous to describe what is happening at the moment.

  Thousands of people are doing the D of E Awards now.

• In the affirmative and negative, the order is subject + be (not) + verb + -ing.

  He is watching TV.

• In questions, the order is be + subject + verb + -ing.

  Are you doing the D of E Awards?

• In short answers, we don’t repeat the verb + -ing.

  Yes, I am. ✓ Yes, I am doing. ✗

Time expressions

• We use always, every day, twice a week, etc with the present simple.

  I always help at training.

  They play computer games every day.

  My brother does voluntary work twice a week.

• We use at the moment, now, today, etc with the present continuous.

  We’re waiting for our teacher at the moment.

  It isn’t raining now.

  You’re wearing new jeans today.

Adverbs of frequency

never

sometimes

often

usually

always

• We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do something.

• Adverbs of frequency usually go before the verb.

  He often studies in the library on Saturdays.

• Adverbs of frequency go after be.

  I am never late for school.

be: past simple

affirmative
I / He / She / It was	famous.
We / You / They were	writers.
negative
I / He / She / It wasn’t (was not)	Spanish.
We / You / They weren’t (were not)	French.
questions
Was I / he / she / it	English?
Were we / you / they	scientists?
short answers
Yes, I / he / she / it was. / No, I / he / she / it wasn’t.
Yes, we / you / they were. / No, we / you / they weren’t.

there was / there were

affirmative
There was an African winner.
There were other winners.
negative
There wasn’t an African winner.
There weren’t other winners.
questions
Was there an African winner?
Were there other winners?
short answers
Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.
Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t.

Grammar bank → Workbook p98

Решение 1. Grammar (с. 19)

Редак-ть Редакция

Решение 2. Grammar (с. 19)

Редак-ть Редакция

Решение 3. Grammar (с. 19)

Редак-ть Редакция

Ты играешь в футбол по пятницам?

Ответ: I don't play football on Fridays. (Я не играю в футбол по пятницам.)