gdz.top
Номер 4.11, страница 21 - гдз по физике 8 класс задачник Артеменков, Ломаченков
Авторы: Артеменков Д. А., Ломаченков И. А., Панебратцев Ю. А.
Тип: Задачник
Серия: сферы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2010 - 2026
Цвет обложки: фиолетовый
ISBN: 978-5-09-046040-8
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
IV. Электрический заряд. Электрическое поле - номер 4.11, страница 21.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460165 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-11" "field_display_title" => "4.11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460047 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "IV. Электрический заряд. Электрическое поле" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "20" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false …22 } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1049 …30} 2 => App\Models\Term {#1050 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1059 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1050 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460047 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "IV. Электрический заряд. Электрическое поле" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "20" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1753663 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6390 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1077 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6390 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>4.11</strong> Почему провода электрической сети крепят к столбам при помощи фарфоровых держателей, а не прямо к металлическим скобам?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "11-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1752" "height" => 252 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-04/11-1.webp?ts=1760701732" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1753663 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>4.11</strong> Почему провода электрической сети крепят к столбам при помощи фарфоровых держателей, а не прямо к металлическим скобам?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "11-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1752" "height" => 252 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-04/11-1.webp?ts=1760701732" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1821770 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1083 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6688 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1085 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6688 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Провода электрической сети крепят к столбам при помощи фарфоровых держателей, а не напрямую к металлическим скобам, для обеспечения электрической изоляции. Это связано с фундаментальными различиями в электрических свойствах материалов.</p><p>Материалы, из которых изготовлены провода (обычно алюминий или медь) и металлические скобы, являются <em>проводниками</em>. Проводники легко пропускают через себя электрический ток. Столбы, особенно если они железобетонные, металлические или просто мокрые, также могут проводить электричество.</p><p>Если бы провод, находящийся под высоким напряжением, был прикреплен напрямую к металлической скобе на столбе, то для электрического тока образовался бы путь с провода через скобу и столб в землю. Это привело бы к следующим негативным последствиям:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Короткое замыкание на землю:</em> произошла бы значительная утечка тока, что привело бы к аварии на линии и огромным потерям электроэнергии.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Опасность поражения током:</em> столб оказался бы под напряжением, что создало бы смертельную угрозу для людей и животных, случайно прикоснувшихся к нему.</p><p>Фарфор, в свою очередь, является <em>диэлектриком</em> или <em>изолятором</em>. Это материал, который обладает очень высоким электрическим сопротивлением и практически не проводит электрический ток. Устанавливая провод на фарфоровый держатель (изолятор), создается надежный барьер, который не позволяет току "убежать" с провода на опору.</p><p>Таким образом, фарфоровые держатели выполняют две важные функции: механически удерживают тяжелые провода и, что самое главное, электрически изолируют их от столбов, обеспечивая безопасную и эффективную передачу электроэнергии на большие расстояния.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Провода крепят к столбам через фарфоровые держатели, потому что фарфор является электрическим изолятором и не позволяет току утекать с провода на столб и в землю, в то время как прямое крепление через металлические скобы (которые являются проводниками) привело бы к короткому замыканию, потерям энергии и создало бы опасность поражения электрическим током.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1821770 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Провода электрической сети крепят к столбам при помощи фарфоровых держателей, а не напрямую к металлическим скобам, для обеспечения электрической изоляции. Это связано с фундаментальными различиями в электрических свойствах материалов.</p><p>Материалы, из которых изготовлены провода (обычно алюминий или медь) и металлические скобы, являются <em>проводниками</em>. Проводники легко пропускают через себя электрический ток. Столбы, особенно если они железобетонные, металлические или просто мокрые, также могут проводить электричество.</p><p>Если бы провод, находящийся под высоким напряжением, был прикреплен напрямую к металлической скобе на столбе, то для электрического тока образовался бы путь с провода через скобу и столб в землю. Это привело бы к следующим негативным последствиям:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Короткое замыкание на землю:</em> произошла бы значительная утечка тока, что привело бы к аварии на линии и огромным потерям электроэнергии.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Опасность поражения током:</em> столб оказался бы под напряжением, что создало бы смертельную угрозу для людей и животных, случайно прикоснувшихся к нему.</p><p>Фарфор, в свою очередь, является <em>диэлектриком</em> или <em>изолятором</em>. Это материал, который обладает очень высоким электрическим сопротивлением и практически не проводит электрический ток. Устанавливая провод на фарфоровый держатель (изолятор), создается надежный барьер, который не позволяет току "убежать" с провода на опору.</p><p>Таким образом, фарфоровые держатели выполняют две важные функции: механически удерживают тяжелые провода и, что самое главное, электрически изолируют их от столбов, обеспечивая безопасную и эффективную передачу электроэнергии на большие расстояния.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Провода крепят к столбам через фарфоровые держатели, потому что фарфор является электрическим изолятором и не позволяет току утекать с провода на столб и в землю, в то время как прямое крепление через металлические скобы (которые являются проводниками) привело бы к короткому замыканию, потерям энергии и создало бы опасность поражения электрическим током.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460166" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460164" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1094 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3745 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Артеменков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Денис" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3745 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Артеменков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Денис" "field_patronymic" => "Александрович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "задачник" "field_creative_case" => "задачником" "field_dative_case" => "задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "zadachnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6518 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Задачник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "задачник" "field_creative_case" => "задачником" "field_dative_case" => "задачнику" "field_genitive_case" => "задачника" "field_nominative_case" => "задачник" "field_prepositional_case" => "задачнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "zadachnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1109 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4795 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "сферы" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "sfery" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4795 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "сферы" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "sfery" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1100} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 48 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "фиолетовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "fioletovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 48 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "фиолетовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "fioletovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1462318 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/page-21" "field_display_title" => "21" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "21" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1125 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1127 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1129 …30} 1 => App\Models\Term {#1130 …30} 2 => App\Models\Term {#1131 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1134 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1136 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1138 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1140 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1150 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1646 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_publication_number" => "5" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2010" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "308" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-046040-8" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760136860" "alt" => "" "width" => "1891" "height" => "2427" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1753879 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1155 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "21-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1994" "height" => 2505 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-1/21-1.webp?ts=1760705527" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1753879 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "21-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1994" "height" => 2505 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/artemenkov-zd/0-1/21-1.webp?ts=1760705527" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462319" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462317" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1162 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460162 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-8" "field_display_title" => "4.8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1164 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1173 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1175 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460163" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460161" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1120} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460162 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-8" "field_display_title" => "4.8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460163" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460161" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1184 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460163 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-9" "field_display_title" => "4.9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1164 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1190 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1192 …30} ] 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Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460164" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460162" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1195 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460164 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-10" "field_display_title" => "4.10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1164 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1201 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1203 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460163" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1120} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460164 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-10" "field_display_title" => "4.10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460163" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1206 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460165 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-11" "field_display_title" => "4.11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1164 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1212 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1214 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460166" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460164" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1120} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460165 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-11" "field_display_title" => "4.11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460166" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460164" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1460166 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-12" "field_display_title" => "4.12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1164 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1167 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1223 …30} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1225 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460167" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1120} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460166 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-12" "field_display_title" => "4.12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460167" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460165" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1462318 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/page-21" "field_display_title" => "21" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "21" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462319" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462317" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1460165 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "21" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/artemenkov-zadachnik/04-11" "field_display_title" => "4.11" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460166" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1460164" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1462318" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№4.11 (с. 21)
Условие. №4.11 (с. 21)
скриншот условия
4.11 Почему провода электрической сети крепят к столбам при помощи фарфоровых держателей, а не прямо к металлическим скобам?
Решение. №4.11 (с. 21)
Провода электрической сети крепят к столбам при помощи фарфоровых держателей, а не напрямую к металлическим скобам, для обеспечения электрической изоляции. Это связано с фундаментальными различиями в электрических свойствах материалов.
Материалы, из которых изготовлены провода (обычно алюминий или медь) и металлические скобы, являются проводниками. Проводники легко пропускают через себя электрический ток. Столбы, особенно если они железобетонные, металлические или просто мокрые, также могут проводить электричество.
Если бы провод, находящийся под высоким напряжением, был прикреплен напрямую к металлической скобе на столбе, то для электрического тока образовался бы путь с провода через скобу и столб в землю. Это привело бы к следующим негативным последствиям:
1. Короткое замыкание на землю: произошла бы значительная утечка тока, что привело бы к аварии на линии и огромным потерям электроэнергии.
2. Опасность поражения током: столб оказался бы под напряжением, что создало бы смертельную угрозу для людей и животных, случайно прикоснувшихся к нему.
Фарфор, в свою очередь, является диэлектриком или изолятором. Это материал, который обладает очень высоким электрическим сопротивлением и практически не проводит электрический ток. Устанавливая провод на фарфоровый держатель (изолятор), создается надежный барьер, который не позволяет току "убежать" с провода на опору.
Таким образом, фарфоровые держатели выполняют две важные функции: механически удерживают тяжелые провода и, что самое главное, электрически изолируют их от столбов, обеспечивая безопасную и эффективную передачу электроэнергии на большие расстояния.
Ответ: Провода крепят к столбам через фарфоровые держатели, потому что фарфор является электрическим изолятором и не позволяет току утекать с провода на столб и в землю, в то время как прямое крепление через металлические скобы (которые являются проводниками) привело бы к короткому замыканию, потерям энергии и создало бы опасность поражения электрическим током.
Другие задания:
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