gdz.top
Номер 1, страница 137 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Громов, Родина
Авторы: Громов С. В., Родина Н. А., Белага В. В., Ломаченков И. А., Панебратцев Ю. А.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: классический курс
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2018 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-09-052825-2
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 3. Электрические явления. Параграф 33. Действия электрического тока. Вопросы - номер 1, страница 137.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612569 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/33vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 3654 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4194 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Громов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Сергей" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4194 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Громов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Сергей" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5604 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Родина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Надежда" "field_patronymic" => "Александровна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5604 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Родина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Надежда" "field_patronymic" => "Александровна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1059 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3824 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Белага" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Виктория" "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3824 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Белага" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Виктория" "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1061 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5412 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Панебратцев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Юрий" "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1068 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4718 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "классический курс" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "klassicheskiy kurs" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4718 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "классический курс" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "klassicheskiy kurs" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1061} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "830" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gromov-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-052825-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" "alt" => "" "width" => "1881" "height" => "2469" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 3654 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "830" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gromov-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-052825-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" "alt" => "" "width" => "1881" "height" => "2469" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612109 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "3" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1130 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "33" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "135" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "33" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_page_start" => "135" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612142 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "135" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1145 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "33" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "135" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "33" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_page_start" => "135" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612142 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вопросы" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_page_start" => "135" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1108 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1850280 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6892 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6892 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612569" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Перечислите действия, которые производит электрический ток.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1429" "height" => 178 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/0-33vopr/1-1.webp?ts=1763477928" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1850280 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612569" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Перечислите действия, которые производит электрический ток.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1429" "height" => 178 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/0-33vopr/1-1.webp?ts=1763477928" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1101 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1900341 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1102 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 7854 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 7012 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null …1 ] "field_translit" => "gemini 2.5 pro" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 7012 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "gemini 2.5 pro" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 7854 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612569" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Электрический ток, проходя через различные среды, производит следующие основные действия:</p><p><em>Тепловое действие:</em> заключается в нагревании проводника, по которому протекает ток. Это явление описывается законом Джоуля-Ленца. Примеры использования: электронагревательные приборы (чайники, обогреватели), лампы накаливания, плавкие предохранители.</p><p><em>Магнитное действие:</em> проявляется в том, что вокруг любого проводника с током возникает магнитное поле. Это действие является универсальным и сопровождает любой электрический ток. Примеры использования: электродвигатели, электромагниты, генераторы, реле.</p><p><em>Химическое действие:</em> наблюдается при прохождении тока через растворы и расплавы электролитов (солей, кислот, щелочей). Оно заключается в выделении на электродах веществ, входящих в состав электролита (электролиз). Примеры использования: получение чистых металлов (алюминия, меди), гальваностегия (покрытие одного металла другим), работа аккумуляторов и гальванических элементов.</p><p><em>Световое действие:</em> ток, проходя через определённые вещества, может вызывать их свечение. Примеры: свечение газа в газоразрядных лампах, работа светодиодов (LED).</p><p><em>Физиологическое (биологическое) действие:</em> заключается в воздействии тока на живые организмы. Это действие подробно рассмотрено в ответе на второй вопрос.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электрический ток производит тепловое, магнитное, химическое, световое и физиологическое действия.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Электрический ток оказывает на организм человека комплексное физиологическое действие, которое можно разделить на несколько видов:</p><p><em>Термическое (тепловое) действие:</em> проявляется в виде ожогов в местах входа и выхода тока, а также вдоль его пути в теле. Могут возникать ожоги кожи, подкожных тканей, кровеносных сосудов и внутренних органов. Степень ожога зависит от силы тока, напряжения, времени воздействия и сопротивления тканей.</p><p><em>Электролитическое (химическое) действие:</em> приводит к электролизу (разложению) жидкостей в организме, в первую очередь крови и лимфы. Это нарушает их физико-химический состав и функции, что может привести к серьёзным нарушениям в работе тканей и органов.</p><p><em>Биологическое действие:</em> является наиболее опасным. Оно заключается в раздражении и возбуждении нервных и мышечных тканей, что приводит к непроизвольным судорожным сокращениям мышц. Особенно опасны судороги дыхательных мышц, которые могут вызвать остановку дыхания, и воздействие на сердечную мышцу, способное привести к фибрилляции желудочков — хаотичным и неэффективным сокращениям волокон сердца, что равносильно его остановке и прекращению кровообращения. Кроме того, ток нарушает нормальное функционирование центральной и периферической нервной системы.</p><p>Степень поражения зависит от множества факторов: силы и рода тока, напряжения, пути тока через тело (наиболее опасен путь, проходящий через область сердца), времени воздействия и индивидуального состояния организма.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электрический ток оказывает на организм человека термическое (ожоги), электролитическое (разложение жидкостей) и биологическое (судороги, нарушение работы сердца и нервной системы) действия, причём биологическое является наиболее опасным.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1900341 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612569" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Электрический ток, проходя через различные среды, производит следующие основные действия:</p><p><em>Тепловое действие:</em> заключается в нагревании проводника, по которому протекает ток. Это явление описывается законом Джоуля-Ленца. Примеры использования: электронагревательные приборы (чайники, обогреватели), лампы накаливания, плавкие предохранители.</p><p><em>Магнитное действие:</em> проявляется в том, что вокруг любого проводника с током возникает магнитное поле. Это действие является универсальным и сопровождает любой электрический ток. Примеры использования: электродвигатели, электромагниты, генераторы, реле.</p><p><em>Химическое действие:</em> наблюдается при прохождении тока через растворы и расплавы электролитов (солей, кислот, щелочей). Оно заключается в выделении на электродах веществ, входящих в состав электролита (электролиз). Примеры использования: получение чистых металлов (алюминия, меди), гальваностегия (покрытие одного металла другим), работа аккумуляторов и гальванических элементов.</p><p><em>Световое действие:</em> ток, проходя через определённые вещества, может вызывать их свечение. Примеры: свечение газа в газоразрядных лампах, работа светодиодов (LED).</p><p><em>Физиологическое (биологическое) действие:</em> заключается в воздействии тока на живые организмы. Это действие подробно рассмотрено в ответе на второй вопрос.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электрический ток производит тепловое, магнитное, химическое, световое и физиологическое действия.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Электрический ток оказывает на организм человека комплексное физиологическое действие, которое можно разделить на несколько видов:</p><p><em>Термическое (тепловое) действие:</em> проявляется в виде ожогов в местах входа и выхода тока, а также вдоль его пути в теле. Могут возникать ожоги кожи, подкожных тканей, кровеносных сосудов и внутренних органов. Степень ожога зависит от силы тока, напряжения, времени воздействия и сопротивления тканей.</p><p><em>Электролитическое (химическое) действие:</em> приводит к электролизу (разложению) жидкостей в организме, в первую очередь крови и лимфы. Это нарушает их физико-химический состав и функции, что может привести к серьёзным нарушениям в работе тканей и органов.</p><p><em>Биологическое действие:</em> является наиболее опасным. Оно заключается в раздражении и возбуждении нервных и мышечных тканей, что приводит к непроизвольным судорожным сокращениям мышц. Особенно опасны судороги дыхательных мышц, которые могут вызвать остановку дыхания, и воздействие на сердечную мышцу, способное привести к фибрилляции желудочков — хаотичным и неэффективным сокращениям волокон сердца, что равносильно его остановке и прекращению кровообращения. Кроме того, ток нарушает нормальное функционирование центральной и периферической нервной системы.</p><p>Степень поражения зависит от множества факторов: силы и рода тока, напряжения, пути тока через тело (наиболее опасен путь, проходящий через область сердца), времени воздействия и индивидуального состояния организма.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электрический ток оказывает на организм человека термическое (ожоги), электролитическое (разложение жидкостей) и биологическое (судороги, нарушение работы сердца и нервной системы) действия, причём биологическое является наиболее опасным.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612570" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612568" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1613210 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/page-137" "field_display_title" => "137" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "137" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1850921 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1093} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "137-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1865" "height" => 2548 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/0-1/137-1.webp?ts=1763478388" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1850921 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "137-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1865" "height" => 2548 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/0-1/137-1.webp?ts=1763478388" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613211" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613209" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1219 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612569 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/33vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1126} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1126} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1130} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1135} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1108} 1 => App\Models\Element {#1101} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612570" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612568" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612569 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/33vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612570" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612568" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1225} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1226 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612570 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/33vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1126} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1126} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1130} 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1135} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1241 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1850281 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Какое действие на организм человека оказывает электрический ток?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1850281 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Какое действие на организм человека оказывает электрический ток?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1243 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1900342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p>Электрический ток, проходя через организм человека, оказывает комплексное воздействие, которое можно разделить на несколько основных видов:</p><p><strong>Термическое действие</strong></p><p>Проявляется в нагреве тканей, кровеносных сосудов и внутренних органов на пути прохождения тока. Это может привести к ожогам различной степени тяжести, от покраснения кожи до обугливания тканей. Количество выделяемой теплоты описывается законом Джоуля–Ленца: $Q = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t$, где $\text{I}$ – сила тока, $\text{R}$ – сопротивление участка тела, $\text{t}$ – время воздействия.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Термическое действие тока вызывает ожоги тканей и органов.</p><p><strong>Электролитическое (химическое) действие</strong></p><p>Заключается в разложении (электролизе) органических жидкостей, в том числе крови и лимфы. Это приводит к нарушению их физико-химического состава и функций, что негативно сказывается на работе клеток и тканей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электролитическое действие нарушает химический состав жидких сред организма.</p><p><strong>Биологическое действие</strong></p><p>Это раздражение и возбуждение живых тканей организма, в первую очередь нервной и мышечной систем. Оно вызывает непроизвольные судорожные сокращения мышц, которые могут быть настолько сильными, что пострадавший не может самостоятельно отпустить источник тока («неотпускающий ток»). Наиболее опасными последствиями являются нарушение работы сердца (фибрилляция желудочков) и паралич дыхательных мышц, что может привести к остановке кровообращения и дыхания.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Биологическое действие нарушает работу нервной и мышечной систем, вызывает судороги, может привести к остановке сердца и дыхания.</p><p><strong>Механическое действие</strong></p><p>Является следствием биологического действия. Резкие, непроизвольные сокращения мышц под действием тока могут привести к разрывам кожи, кровеносных сосудов и нервных волокон, а также к вывихам суставов и даже переломам костей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Механическое действие приводит к травмам (разрывам тканей, вывихам, переломам) из-за судорожных сокращений мышц.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1900342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p>Электрический ток, проходя через организм человека, оказывает комплексное воздействие, которое можно разделить на несколько основных видов:</p><p><strong>Термическое действие</strong></p><p>Проявляется в нагреве тканей, кровеносных сосудов и внутренних органов на пути прохождения тока. Это может привести к ожогам различной степени тяжести, от покраснения кожи до обугливания тканей. Количество выделяемой теплоты описывается законом Джоуля–Ленца: $Q = I^2 \cdot R \cdot t$, где $\text{I}$ – сила тока, $\text{R}$ – сопротивление участка тела, $\text{t}$ – время воздействия.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Термическое действие тока вызывает ожоги тканей и органов.</p><p><strong>Электролитическое (химическое) действие</strong></p><p>Заключается в разложении (электролизе) органических жидкостей, в том числе крови и лимфы. Это приводит к нарушению их физико-химического состава и функций, что негативно сказывается на работе клеток и тканей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электролитическое действие нарушает химический состав жидких сред организма.</p><p><strong>Биологическое действие</strong></p><p>Это раздражение и возбуждение живых тканей организма, в первую очередь нервной и мышечной систем. Оно вызывает непроизвольные судорожные сокращения мышц, которые могут быть настолько сильными, что пострадавший не может самостоятельно отпустить источник тока («неотпускающий ток»). Наиболее опасными последствиями являются нарушение работы сердца (фибрилляция желудочков) и паралич дыхательных мышц, что может привести к остановке кровообращения и дыхания.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Биологическое действие нарушает работу нервной и мышечной систем, вызывает судороги, может привести к остановке сердца и дыхания.</p><p><strong>Механическое действие</strong></p><p>Является следствием биологического действия. Резкие, непроизвольные сокращения мышц под действием тока могут привести к разрывам кожи, кровеносных сосудов и нервных волокон, а также к вывихам суставов и даже переломам костей.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Механическое действие приводит к травмам (разрывам тканей, вывихам, переломам) из-за судорожных сокращений мышц.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612571" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612569" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612570 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/33vopr-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1227} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612571" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612569" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1613210 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/page-137" "field_display_title" => "137" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "137" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613211" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613209" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612569 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/33vopr-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612570" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612568" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613210" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№1 (с. 137)
Условие. №1 (с. 137)
скриншот условия
1. Перечислите действия, которые производит электрический ток.
Решение. №1 (с. 137)
1. Электрический ток, проходя через различные среды, производит следующие основные действия:
Тепловое действие: заключается в нагревании проводника, по которому протекает ток. Это явление описывается законом Джоуля-Ленца. Примеры использования: электронагревательные приборы (чайники, обогреватели), лампы накаливания, плавкие предохранители.
Магнитное действие: проявляется в том, что вокруг любого проводника с током возникает магнитное поле. Это действие является универсальным и сопровождает любой электрический ток. Примеры использования: электродвигатели, электромагниты, генераторы, реле.
Химическое действие: наблюдается при прохождении тока через растворы и расплавы электролитов (солей, кислот, щелочей). Оно заключается в выделении на электродах веществ, входящих в состав электролита (электролиз). Примеры использования: получение чистых металлов (алюминия, меди), гальваностегия (покрытие одного металла другим), работа аккумуляторов и гальванических элементов.
Световое действие: ток, проходя через определённые вещества, может вызывать их свечение. Примеры: свечение газа в газоразрядных лампах, работа светодиодов (LED).
Физиологическое (биологическое) действие: заключается в воздействии тока на живые организмы. Это действие подробно рассмотрено в ответе на второй вопрос.
Ответ: Электрический ток производит тепловое, магнитное, химическое, световое и физиологическое действия.
2. Электрический ток оказывает на организм человека комплексное физиологическое действие, которое можно разделить на несколько видов:
Термическое (тепловое) действие: проявляется в виде ожогов в местах входа и выхода тока, а также вдоль его пути в теле. Могут возникать ожоги кожи, подкожных тканей, кровеносных сосудов и внутренних органов. Степень ожога зависит от силы тока, напряжения, времени воздействия и сопротивления тканей.
Электролитическое (химическое) действие: приводит к электролизу (разложению) жидкостей в организме, в первую очередь крови и лимфы. Это нарушает их физико-химический состав и функции, что может привести к серьёзным нарушениям в работе тканей и органов.
Биологическое действие: является наиболее опасным. Оно заключается в раздражении и возбуждении нервных и мышечных тканей, что приводит к непроизвольным судорожным сокращениям мышц. Особенно опасны судороги дыхательных мышц, которые могут вызвать остановку дыхания, и воздействие на сердечную мышцу, способное привести к фибрилляции желудочков — хаотичным и неэффективным сокращениям волокон сердца, что равносильно его остановке и прекращению кровообращения. Кроме того, ток нарушает нормальное функционирование центральной и периферической нервной системы.
Степень поражения зависит от множества факторов: силы и рода тока, напряжения, пути тока через тело (наиболее опасен путь, проходящий через область сердца), времени воздействия и индивидуального состояния организма.
Ответ: Электрический ток оказывает на организм человека термическое (ожоги), электролитическое (разложение жидкостей) и биологическое (судороги, нарушение работы сердца и нервной системы) действия, причём биологическое является наиболее опасным.
Другие задания:
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