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Номер 64, страница 271 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Громов, Родина
Авторы: Громов С. В., Родина Н. А., Белага В. В., Ломаченков И. А., Панебратцев Ю. А.
Тип: Учебник
Серия: классический курс
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2018 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-09-052825-2
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Задачи и упражнения - номер 64, страница 271.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612931 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-64" "field_display_title" => "64" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } 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"266" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 3654 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => 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"field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 3654 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} 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"field_isbn" => "978-5-09-052825-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612241 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи и упражнения" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "266" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1086 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1850657 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1087 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6892 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6892 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612931" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>64.</strong> Пары спирта конденсируются при температуре 78 °С, после чего образовавшийся спирт охлаждается до 18 °С. Какое количество теплоты выделяется при этом, если масса спирта 0,1 кг? Начертите примерный график зависимости температуры вещества от времени для рассматриваемого процесса.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "64-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1685" "height" => 363 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/0-upr/64-1.webp?ts=1763478091" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1850657 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612931" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>64.</strong> Пары спирта конденсируются при температуре 78 °С, после чего образовавшийся спирт охлаждается до 18 °С. Какое количество теплоты выделяется при этом, если масса спирта 0,1 кг? Начертите примерный график зависимости температуры вещества от времени для рассматриваемого процесса.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "64-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1685" "height" => 363 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/0-upr/64-1.webp?ts=1763478091" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1900718 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1094 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 7854 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 7854 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612931" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$t_1 = t_{конд} = 78 \, \text{°C}$</p><p>$t_2 = 18 \, \text{°C}$</p><p>$m = 0,1 \, \text{кг}$</p><p>Удельная теплота парообразования (конденсации) спирта $L = 0,9 \cdot 10^6 \, \text{Дж/кг}$</p><p>Удельная теплоемкость спирта $c = 2500 \, \text{Дж/(кг·°C)}$</p><p>Все данные представлены в единицах, совместимых с СИ.</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$Q_{общ} - ?$</p><p>График зависимости $T(t)$.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Процесс выделения теплоты состоит из двух этапов:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Конденсация паров спирта при постоянной температуре $t_1$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Охлаждение образовавшегося жидкого спирта от температуры конденсации $t_1$ до конечной температуры $t_2$.</p><p>Общее количество выделившейся теплоты $Q_{общ}$ равно сумме количеств теплоты, выделившихся на каждом этапе: $Q_{общ} = Q_1 + Q_2$.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_1$, которое выделяется при конденсации паров спирта. Оно рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$Q_1 = L \cdot m$</p><p>Подставим значения:</p><p>$Q_1 = 0,9 \cdot 10^6 \, \text{Дж/кг} \cdot 0,1 \, \text{кг} = 90000 \, \text{Дж} = 90 \, \text{кДж}$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_2$, которое выделяется при охлаждении жидкого спирта. Оно рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$Q_2 = c \cdot m \cdot (t_1 - t_2)$</p><p>Подставим значения:</p><p>$Q_2 = 2500 \, \text{Дж/(кг·°C)} \cdot 0,1 \, \text{кг} \cdot (78 \, \text{°C} - 18 \, \text{°C}) = 250 \, \text{Дж/°C} \cdot 60 \, \text{°C} = 15000 \, \text{Дж} = 15 \, \text{кДж}$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Теперь найдем общее количество выделившейся теплоты:</p><p>$Q_{общ} = Q_1 + Q_2 = 90000 \, \text{Дж} + 15000 \, \text{Дж} = 105000 \, \text{Дж} = 105 \, \text{кДж}$.</p><p>Примерный график зависимости температуры вещества от времени для рассматриваемого процесса:</p><p>График состоит из двух участков:</p><p>• Первый участок — горизонтальная линия на уровне температуры 78 °C, соответствующая процессу конденсации пара в жидкость. Температура в ходе фазового перехода не меняется.</p><p>• Второй участок — наклонная линия, показывающая снижение температуры жидкого спирта от 78 °C до 18 °C. Этот участок соответствует процессу охлаждения.</p><svg width="400" height="250" viewBox="0 0 400 250" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 20px;"><line x1="50" y1="220" x2="380" y2="220" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><line x1="50" y1="220" x2="50" y2="20" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><polyline points="380,220 370,215 370,225 380,220" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5" fill="black"></polyline><polyline points="50,20 45,30 55,30 50,20" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5" fill="black"></polyline><text x="385" y="225">t, время</text><text x="55" y="30">T, °C</text><text x="25" y="225">0</text><path d="M 50 50 L 200 50 L 350 200" stroke="blue" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><text x="20" y="55">78</text><path d="M 45 50 L 50 50" stroke="black" stroke-width="1" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="2 2"></path><text x="20" y="205">18</text><path d="M 45 200 L 50 200" stroke="black" stroke-width="1" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="2 2"></path><text x="90" y="40" style="font-size: 12px; fill: #555;">Конденсация</text><text x="230" y="115" style="font-size: 12px; fill: #555;">Охлаждение</text></svg><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> При конденсации паров спирта и его последующем охлаждении выделяется 105 кДж теплоты.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1900718 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612931" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>$t_1 = t_{конд} = 78 \, \text{°C}$</p><p>$t_2 = 18 \, \text{°C}$</p><p>$m = 0,1 \, \text{кг}$</p><p>Удельная теплота парообразования (конденсации) спирта $L = 0,9 \cdot 10^6 \, \text{Дж/кг}$</p><p>Удельная теплоемкость спирта $c = 2500 \, \text{Дж/(кг·°C)}$</p><p>Все данные представлены в единицах, совместимых с СИ.</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>$Q_{общ} - ?$</p><p>График зависимости $T(t)$.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Процесс выделения теплоты состоит из двух этапов:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Конденсация паров спирта при постоянной температуре $t_1$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Охлаждение образовавшегося жидкого спирта от температуры конденсации $t_1$ до конечной температуры $t_2$.</p><p>Общее количество выделившейся теплоты $Q_{общ}$ равно сумме количеств теплоты, выделившихся на каждом этапе: $Q_{общ} = Q_1 + Q_2$.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_1$, которое выделяется при конденсации паров спирта. Оно рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$Q_1 = L \cdot m$</p><p>Подставим значения:</p><p>$Q_1 = 0,9 \cdot 10^6 \, \text{Дж/кг} \cdot 0,1 \, \text{кг} = 90000 \, \text{Дж} = 90 \, \text{кДж}$.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_2$, которое выделяется при охлаждении жидкого спирта. Оно рассчитывается по формуле:</p><p>$Q_2 = c \cdot m \cdot (t_1 - t_2)$</p><p>Подставим значения:</p><p>$Q_2 = 2500 \, \text{Дж/(кг·°C)} \cdot 0,1 \, \text{кг} \cdot (78 \, \text{°C} - 18 \, \text{°C}) = 250 \, \text{Дж/°C} \cdot 60 \, \text{°C} = 15000 \, \text{Дж} = 15 \, \text{кДж}$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Теперь найдем общее количество выделившейся теплоты:</p><p>$Q_{общ} = Q_1 + Q_2 = 90000 \, \text{Дж} + 15000 \, \text{Дж} = 105000 \, \text{Дж} = 105 \, \text{кДж}$.</p><p>Примерный график зависимости температуры вещества от времени для рассматриваемого процесса:</p><p>График состоит из двух участков:</p><p>• Первый участок — горизонтальная линия на уровне температуры 78 °C, соответствующая процессу конденсации пара в жидкость. Температура в ходе фазового перехода не меняется.</p><p>• Второй участок — наклонная линия, показывающая снижение температуры жидкого спирта от 78 °C до 18 °C. Этот участок соответствует процессу охлаждения.</p><svg width="400" height="250" viewBox="0 0 400 250" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 20px;"><line x1="50" y1="220" x2="380" y2="220" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><line x1="50" y1="220" x2="50" y2="20" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5"></line><polyline points="380,220 370,215 370,225 380,220" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5" fill="black"></polyline><polyline points="50,20 45,30 55,30 50,20" stroke="black" stroke-width="1.5" fill="black"></polyline><text x="385" y="225">t, время</text><text x="55" y="30">T, °C</text><text x="25" y="225">0</text><path d="M 50 50 L 200 50 L 350 200" stroke="blue" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><text x="20" y="55">78</text><path d="M 45 50 L 50 50" stroke="black" stroke-width="1" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="2 2"></path><text x="20" y="205">18</text><path d="M 45 200 L 50 200" stroke="black" stroke-width="1" fill="none" stroke-dasharray="2 2"></path><text x="90" y="40" style="font-size: 12px; fill: #555;">Конденсация</text><text x="230" y="115" style="font-size: 12px; fill: #555;">Охлаждение</text></svg><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> При конденсации паров спирта и его последующем охлаждении выделяется 105 кДж теплоты.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612932" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1612930" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1083 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 3654 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" 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#appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3824 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Белага" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Виктория" "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3824 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Белага" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null 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"field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Ломаченков" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Иван" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Term {#1106 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false 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#visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1109 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1111 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:8 [ "id" => 4718 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "классический курс" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "klassicheskiy kurs" ] #original: array:8 [ "id" => 4718 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "классический курс" "field_cases" => null "field_foreign_lang_series" => null "field_transcription_eng" => null "field_translit" => "klassicheskiy kurs" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1106} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "830" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gromov-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-052825-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" "alt" => "" "width" => "1881" "height" => "2469" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 3654 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2018" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "830" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gromov-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-052825-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gromov-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1763397517" "alt" => "" "width" => "1881" "height" => "2469" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1613344 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/page-271" "field_display_title" => "271" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "271" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1083} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1146 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1851055 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1851055 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613345" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613343" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 #items: array:13 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1257 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612927 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-60" "field_display_title" => "60" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612927 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-60" "field_display_title" => "60" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1264 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612928 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-61" "field_display_title" => "61" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612928 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-61" "field_display_title" => "61" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1271 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1266 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1276 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612929 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-62" "field_display_title" => "62" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612929 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-62" "field_display_title" => "62" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1288 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612930 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-63" "field_display_title" => "63" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612930 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-63" "field_display_title" => "63" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1300 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612931 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-64" "field_display_title" => "64" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1302 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612931 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-64" "field_display_title" => "64" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 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+incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612932 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-65" "field_display_title" => "65" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] 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…2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612934 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-67" "field_display_title" => "67" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1323 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1333 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1343 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1612935 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-68" "field_display_title" => "68" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1346 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1344 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1345 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1360 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612935 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/upr-68" "field_display_title" => "68" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1346 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1344 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1345 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1360 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1355 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false 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#fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 12 => App\Models\Task {#1391 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1613344 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "271" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/gromov-uchebnik/page-271" "field_display_title" => "271" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "271" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613345" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1613343" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1612931 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null 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#attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№64 (с. 271)
Условие. №64 (с. 271)
скриншот условия
64. Пары спирта конденсируются при температуре 78 °С, после чего образовавшийся спирт охлаждается до 18 °С. Какое количество теплоты выделяется при этом, если масса спирта 0,1 кг? Начертите примерный график зависимости температуры вещества от времени для рассматриваемого процесса.
Решение. №64 (с. 271)
Дано:
$t_1 = t_{конд} = 78 \, \text{°C}$
$t_2 = 18 \, \text{°C}$
$m = 0,1 \, \text{кг}$
Удельная теплота парообразования (конденсации) спирта $L = 0,9 \cdot 10^6 \, \text{Дж/кг}$
Удельная теплоемкость спирта $c = 2500 \, \text{Дж/(кг·°C)}$
Все данные представлены в единицах, совместимых с СИ.
Найти:
$Q_{общ} - ?$
График зависимости $T(t)$.
Решение:
Процесс выделения теплоты состоит из двух этапов:
1. Конденсация паров спирта при постоянной температуре $t_1$.
2. Охлаждение образовавшегося жидкого спирта от температуры конденсации $t_1$ до конечной температуры $t_2$.
Общее количество выделившейся теплоты $Q_{общ}$ равно сумме количеств теплоты, выделившихся на каждом этапе: $Q_{общ} = Q_1 + Q_2$.
1. Найдем количество теплоты $Q_1$, которое выделяется при конденсации паров спирта. Оно рассчитывается по формуле:
$Q_1 = L \cdot m$
Подставим значения:
$Q_1 = 0,9 \cdot 10^6 \, \text{Дж/кг} \cdot 0,1 \, \text{кг} = 90000 \, \text{Дж} = 90 \, \text{кДж}$.
2. Найдем количество теплоты $Q_2$, которое выделяется при охлаждении жидкого спирта. Оно рассчитывается по формуле:
$Q_2 = c \cdot m \cdot (t_1 - t_2)$
Подставим значения:
$Q_2 = 2500 \, \text{Дж/(кг·°C)} \cdot 0,1 \, \text{кг} \cdot (78 \, \text{°C} - 18 \, \text{°C}) = 250 \, \text{Дж/°C} \cdot 60 \, \text{°C} = 15000 \, \text{Дж} = 15 \, \text{кДж}$.
3. Теперь найдем общее количество выделившейся теплоты:
$Q_{общ} = Q_1 + Q_2 = 90000 \, \text{Дж} + 15000 \, \text{Дж} = 105000 \, \text{Дж} = 105 \, \text{кДж}$.
Примерный график зависимости температуры вещества от времени для рассматриваемого процесса:
График состоит из двух участков:
• Первый участок — горизонтальная линия на уровне температуры 78 °C, соответствующая процессу конденсации пара в жидкость. Температура в ходе фазового перехода не меняется.
• Второй участок — наклонная линия, показывающая снижение температуры жидкого спирта от 78 °C до 18 °C. Этот участок соответствует процессу охлаждения.
Ответ: При конденсации паров спирта и его последующем охлаждении выделяется 105 кДж теплоты.
Другие задания:
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ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по физике за 8 класс, для упражнения номер 64 расположенного на странице 271 к учебнику серии классический курс 2018 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по физике к упражнению №64 (с. 271), авторов: Громов (Сергей Васильевич), Родина (Надежда Александровна), Белага (Виктория Владимировна), Ломаченков (Иван Алексеевич), Панебратцев (Юрий Анатольевич), ФГОС (старый) учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.