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Номер 12.3, страница 68 - гдз по физике 8-11 класс учебник, задачник Гельфгат, Генденштейн
Авторы: Гельфгат И. М., Генденштейн Л. Э., Кирик Л. А.
Тип: Учебник, задачник
Издательство: Илекса
Год издания: 2005 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре
ISBN: 978-5-89237-332-6
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Задачи. Электричество и магнетизм. 12. Электростатика - номер 12.3, страница 68.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1288370 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "68" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik/12-3" "field_display_title" => "12.3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287866 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287866 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287866 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287866 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1112 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287880 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электричество и магнетизм" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287866 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287866 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задачи" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_page_start" => "5" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287880 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электричество и магнетизм" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287881 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "12. Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1156 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1190 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1287880 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электричество и магнетизм" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 …2} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287880 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электричество и магнетизм" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 …2} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1287881 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "12. Электростатика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "field_page_start" => "68" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1243 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1478357 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1244 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5410 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" …6 ] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288370" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>12.3.</strong> Два разноименно заряженных шарика находятся на некотором расстоянии друг от друга. Между ними помещают незаряженный стеклянный шар. Как изменится сила взаимодействия шариков?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1426" "height" => 276 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/0-12/3-1.webp?ts=1756049880" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1478357 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288370" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>12.3.</strong> Два разноименно заряженных шарика находятся на некотором расстоянии друг от друга. Между ними помещают незаряженный стеклянный шар. Как изменится сила взаимодействия шариков?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1426" "height" => 276 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/0-12/3-1.webp?ts=1756049880" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1250 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1478852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1251 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288370" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1030" "height" => 113 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/1-12/3-1.webp?ts=1756049949" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1478852 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288370" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1030" "height" => 113 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/1-12/3-1.webp?ts=1756049949" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1258 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1738063 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1259 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288370" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Изначально два разноименно заряженных шарика притягиваются друг к другу. Сила их электростатического взаимодействия в воздухе (диэлектрическая проницаемость которого близка к единице) определяется законом Кулона:</p><p>$F_0 = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$</p><p>где $\text{k}$ – коэффициент пропорциональности, $q_1$ и $q_2$ – величины зарядов шариков, а $\text{r}$ – расстояние между ними.</p><p>Стеклянный шар является диэлектриком. Когда его помещают в электрическое поле, создаваемое заряженными шариками, происходит явление поляризации. Это означает, что связанные заряды внутри стекла (положительно заряженные ядра атомов и отрицательно заряженные электроны) смещаются под действием внешнего поля в противоположные стороны.</p><p>В результате на поверхности стеклянного шара, обращенной к положительному заряду, возникает индуцированный (наведенный) отрицательный заряд, а на поверхности, обращенной к отрицательному заряду, – индуцированный положительный заряд.</p><p>Эти индуцированные заряды создают собственное внутреннее электрическое поле, которое направлено навстречу внешнему полю от исходных зарядов. Таким образом, результирующее электрическое поле в пространстве между заряженными шариками ослабевает.</p><p>Сила взаимодействия между зарядами зависит от среды, в которой они находятся. В диэлектрической среде сила взаимодействия ослабевает в $\epsilon$ раз, где $\epsilon$ – диэлектрическая проницаемость среды. Для стекла диэлектрическая проницаемость значительно больше единицы ($\epsilon > 1$). Сила взаимодействия в диэлектрике вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$F = \frac{F_0}{\epsilon}$</p><p>Поскольку стеклянный шар, являясь диэлектриком, помещается между заряженными шариками, он ослабляет электрическое поле между ними. Следовательно, сила их взаимного притяжения уменьшится.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Сила взаимодействия шариков уменьшится.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1738063 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288370" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>Изначально два разноименно заряженных шарика притягиваются друг к другу. Сила их электростатического взаимодействия в воздухе (диэлектрическая проницаемость которого близка к единице) определяется законом Кулона:</p><p>$F_0 = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$</p><p>где $\text{k}$ – коэффициент пропорциональности, $q_1$ и $q_2$ – величины зарядов шариков, а $\text{r}$ – расстояние между ними.</p><p>Стеклянный шар является диэлектриком. Когда его помещают в электрическое поле, создаваемое заряженными шариками, происходит явление поляризации. Это означает, что связанные заряды внутри стекла (положительно заряженные ядра атомов и отрицательно заряженные электроны) смещаются под действием внешнего поля в противоположные стороны.</p><p>В результате на поверхности стеклянного шара, обращенной к положительному заряду, возникает индуцированный (наведенный) отрицательный заряд, а на поверхности, обращенной к отрицательному заряду, – индуцированный положительный заряд.</p><p>Эти индуцированные заряды создают собственное внутреннее электрическое поле, которое направлено навстречу внешнему полю от исходных зарядов. Таким образом, результирующее электрическое поле в пространстве между заряженными шариками ослабевает.</p><p>Сила взаимодействия между зарядами зависит от среды, в которой они находятся. В диэлектрической среде сила взаимодействия ослабевает в $\epsilon$ раз, где $\epsilon$ – диэлектрическая проницаемость среды. Для стекла диэлектрическая проницаемость значительно больше единицы ($\epsilon > 1$). Сила взаимодействия в диэлектрике вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$F = \frac{F_0}{\epsilon}$</p><p>Поскольку стеклянный шар, являясь диэлектриком, помещается между заряженными шариками, он ослабляет электрическое поле между ними. Следовательно, сила их взаимного притяжения уменьшится.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Сила взаимодействия шариков уменьшится.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288371" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288369" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1240 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1231 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1241 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1237 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1235 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1238 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1266 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1269 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1270 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1271 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1274 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1276 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1278 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1284 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" "alt" => "" "width" => "1813" "height" => "2441" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1290 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 5401 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1280} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282} "field_publication_number" => "6" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "мужчина в красном, летит на черном шаре" "field_publication_year" => "2005" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1001" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-89237-332-6" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/gelfgat-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1755898771" "alt" => "" "width" => "1813" "height" => "2441" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1488 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1340419 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "68" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik/page-68" "field_display_title" => "68" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "68" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1291 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ …50] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1327 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340420" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340418" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 #items: array:9 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1336 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1382 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1395 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1408 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1421 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1434 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1447 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1460 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1473 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1340419 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "68" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik/page-68" "field_display_title" => "68" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "68" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340420" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340418" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1288370 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "68" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/ileksa-gelfgat-uchebnik/12-3" "field_display_title" => "12.3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288371" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1288369" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1340419" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№12.3 (с. 68)
Условие. №12.3 (с. 68)
скриншот условия
12.3. Два разноименно заряженных шарика находятся на некотором расстоянии друг от друга. Между ними помещают незаряженный стеклянный шар. Как изменится сила взаимодействия шариков?
Решение. №12.3 (с. 68)
Решение 2. №12.3 (с. 68)
Решение
Изначально два разноименно заряженных шарика притягиваются друг к другу. Сила их электростатического взаимодействия в воздухе (диэлектрическая проницаемость которого близка к единице) определяется законом Кулона:
$F_0 = k \frac{|q_1 q_2|}{r^2}$
где $\text{k}$ – коэффициент пропорциональности, $q_1$ и $q_2$ – величины зарядов шариков, а $\text{r}$ – расстояние между ними.
Стеклянный шар является диэлектриком. Когда его помещают в электрическое поле, создаваемое заряженными шариками, происходит явление поляризации. Это означает, что связанные заряды внутри стекла (положительно заряженные ядра атомов и отрицательно заряженные электроны) смещаются под действием внешнего поля в противоположные стороны.
В результате на поверхности стеклянного шара, обращенной к положительному заряду, возникает индуцированный (наведенный) отрицательный заряд, а на поверхности, обращенной к отрицательному заряду, – индуцированный положительный заряд.
Эти индуцированные заряды создают собственное внутреннее электрическое поле, которое направлено навстречу внешнему полю от исходных зарядов. Таким образом, результирующее электрическое поле в пространстве между заряженными шариками ослабевает.
Сила взаимодействия между зарядами зависит от среды, в которой они находятся. В диэлектрической среде сила взаимодействия ослабевает в $\epsilon$ раз, где $\epsilon$ – диэлектрическая проницаемость среды. Для стекла диэлектрическая проницаемость значительно больше единицы ($\epsilon > 1$). Сила взаимодействия в диэлектрике вычисляется по формуле:
$F = \frac{F_0}{\epsilon}$
Поскольку стеклянный шар, являясь диэлектриком, помещается между заряженными шариками, он ослабляет электрическое поле между ними. Следовательно, сила их взаимного притяжения уменьшится.
Ответ: Сила взаимодействия шариков уменьшится.
Другие задания:
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