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Номер 12, страница 41 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Изергин
Авторы: Изергин Э. Т.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Русское слово
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-533-01067-2
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава I. Тепловые явления. Параграф 6. Испарение. Кипение. Конденсация пара - номер 12, страница 41.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492274 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492157 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "I" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" "alt" => "" "width" => "1608" "height" => "2576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" "alt" => "" "width" => "1608" "height" => "2576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492157 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "I" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1063 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492163 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Испарение. Кипение. 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Кипение. Конденсация пара" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_page_start" => "35" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1102 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1774441 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1104 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6496 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6496 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492274" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>12*.</strong> Выполните экспериментальные задания 3 и 4 на с. 250.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "12-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1451" "height" => 145 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/0-06/12-1.webp?ts=1761329166" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1774441 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492274" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>12*.</strong> Выполните экспериментальные задания 3 и 4 на с. 250.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "12-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1451" "height" => 145 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/0-06/12-1.webp?ts=1761329166" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1851613 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1112 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 7014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 7014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492274" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Поскольку в задании дана ссылка на учебник, которого нет в распоряжении, приведем решение для типовых экспериментальных заданий по физике под такими номерами. Чаще всего это задания на определение КПД простых механизмов и проверку условия равновесия рычага.</p><strong>Экспериментальное задание 3. Определение КПД наклонной плоскости</strong><p><em>Цель работы:</em> экспериментально определить коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) наклонной плоскости.</p><p><em>Оборудование:</em> доска (наклонная плоскость), динамометр, брусок, измерительная лента, штатив с муфтой и лапкой.</p><p><em>Ход работы:</em></p><p><strong>1.</strong> С помощью штатива устанавливаем доску под некоторым углом к горизонтальной поверхности.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> С помощью динамометра измеряем вес бруска $\text{P}$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Равномерно перемещаем брусок вверх по наклонной плоскости, измеряя динамометром силу тяги $\text{F}$.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> С помощью измерительной ленты измеряем длину наклонной плоскости $\text{l}$ и высоту подъема бруска $\text{h}$.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Вычисляем полезную работу, затраченную работу и КПД.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Делаем вывод.</p><p><strong>Пример выполнения (с гипотетическими данными измерений):</strong></p><p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Вес бруска, $P = 2$ Н<br>Сила тяги, $F = 0.7$ Н<br>Длина наклонной плоскости, $l = 80$ см<br>Высота наклонной плоскости, $h = 20$ см</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$l = 80 \text{ см} = 0.8 \text{ м}$<br>$h = 20 \text{ см} = 0.2 \text{ м}$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>КПД наклонной плоскости, $\eta$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>1. Полезная работа ($A_п$) – это работа по подъему бруска на высоту $\text{h}$. Она вычисляется по формуле:<br>$A_п = P \cdot h$<br>$A_п = 2 \text{ Н} \cdot 0.2 \text{ м} = 0.4 \text{ Дж}$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Полная (затраченная) работа ($A_з$) – это работа, совершаемая силой тяги $\text{F}$ при перемещении бруска вдоль наклонной плоскости на расстояние $\text{l}$.<br>$A_з = F \cdot l$<br>$A_з = 0.7 \text{ Н} \cdot 0.8 \text{ м} = 0.56 \text{ Дж}$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) наклонной плоскости – это отношение полезной работы к полной, выраженное в процентах.<br>$\eta = \frac{A_п}{A_з} \cdot 100\%$<br>$\eta = \frac{0.4 \text{ Дж}}{0.56 \text{ Дж}} \cdot 100\% \approx 71.4\%$</p><p><strong>Вывод:</strong> Полезная работа ($0.4$ Дж) оказалась меньше затраченной ($0.56$ Дж), так как часть работы совершается против силы трения, возникающей между бруском и поверхностью наклонной плоскости. КПД наклонной плоскости в данном эксперименте составил приблизительно $71.4\%$. Это означает, что около $28.6\%$ затраченной энергии было потеряно на преодоление трения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> КПД наклонной плоскости, рассчитанный по гипотетическим данным, составляет примерно $71.4\%$.</p><strong>Экспериментальное задание 4. Выяснение условия равновесия рычага</strong><p><em>Цель работы:</em> экспериментально проверить, при каком условии рычаг находится в равновесии под действием двух сил.</p><p><em>Оборудование:</em> рычаг на штативе, набор грузов, линейка.</p><p><em>Ход работы:</em></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Уравновешиваем рычаг в горизонтальном положении с помощью регулировочных гаек.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Подвешиваем на левую часть рычага на некотором расстоянии $d_1$ от оси вращения один или несколько грузов, создавая силу $F_1$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Подвешиваем на правую часть рычага такое количество грузов (сила $F_2$), чтобы при определенном расстоянии $d_2$ от оси вращения рычаг снова пришел в равновесие.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Измеряем плечи сил $d_1$ и $d_2$. Вес грузов $F_1$ и $F_2$ известен (вес одного груза $P_0$ обычно равен 1 Н).</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Вычисляем моменты сил $M_1 = F_1 \cdot d_1$ и $M_2 = F_2 \cdot d_2$.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Сравниваем отношение сил $\frac{F_1}{F_2}$ и обратное отношение плеч $\frac{d_2}{d_1}$.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> Повторяем опыт для других значений сил и плеч. Результаты заносим в таблицу.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> Делаем вывод.</p><p><strong>Результаты измерений и вычислений (с гипотетическими данными):</strong></p><p>Примем вес одного груза $P_0 = 1$ Н.</p><div class="table-wrap"><table border="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><tbody><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">№ опыта</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Сила $F_1$, Н</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Плечо $d_1$, м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Момент силы<br>$M_1 = F_1 d_1$, Н∙м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Сила $F_2$, Н</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Плечо $d_2$, м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Момент силы<br>$M_2 = F_2 d_2$, Н∙м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Отношение сил<br>$\frac{F_1}{F_2}$</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Отношение плеч<br>$\frac{d_2}{d_1}$</th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.06</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.0</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.0</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.08</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.24</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.06</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.24</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.75</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.75</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>Вывод:</strong> На основе проведенных экспериментов можно заключить, что рычаг находится в равновесии, когда моменты сил, действующих на него, уравновешивают друг друга. В наших опытах, в пределах погрешности измерений, момент силы, вращающей рычаг против часовой стрелки ($M_1$), равен моменту силы, вращающей рычаг по часовой стрелке ($M_2$). Это подтверждает правило моментов: $M_1 = M_2$ или $F_1 d_1 = F_2 d_2$. Также было установлено, что силы, приложенные к рычагу, обратно пропорциональны их плечам: $\frac{F_1}{F_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Экспериментально подтверждено, что условием равновесия рычага является равенство моментов сил, приложенных к нему ($M_1 = M_2$), что эквивалентно обратно пропорциональной зависимости между силами и их плечами ($\frac{F_1}{F_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1}$).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1851613 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492274" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Поскольку в задании дана ссылка на учебник, которого нет в распоряжении, приведем решение для типовых экспериментальных заданий по физике под такими номерами. Чаще всего это задания на определение КПД простых механизмов и проверку условия равновесия рычага.</p><strong>Экспериментальное задание 3. Определение КПД наклонной плоскости</strong><p><em>Цель работы:</em> экспериментально определить коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) наклонной плоскости.</p><p><em>Оборудование:</em> доска (наклонная плоскость), динамометр, брусок, измерительная лента, штатив с муфтой и лапкой.</p><p><em>Ход работы:</em></p><p><strong>1.</strong> С помощью штатива устанавливаем доску под некоторым углом к горизонтальной поверхности.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> С помощью динамометра измеряем вес бруска $\text{P}$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Равномерно перемещаем брусок вверх по наклонной плоскости, измеряя динамометром силу тяги $\text{F}$.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> С помощью измерительной ленты измеряем длину наклонной плоскости $\text{l}$ и высоту подъема бруска $\text{h}$.</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Вычисляем полезную работу, затраченную работу и КПД.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Делаем вывод.</p><p><strong>Пример выполнения (с гипотетическими данными измерений):</strong></p><p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Вес бруска, $P = 2$ Н<br>Сила тяги, $F = 0.7$ Н<br>Длина наклонной плоскости, $l = 80$ см<br>Высота наклонной плоскости, $h = 20$ см</p><p><em>Перевод в систему СИ:</em><br>$l = 80 \text{ см} = 0.8 \text{ м}$<br>$h = 20 \text{ см} = 0.2 \text{ м}$</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>КПД наклонной плоскости, $\eta$ - ?</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>1. Полезная работа ($A_п$) – это работа по подъему бруска на высоту $\text{h}$. Она вычисляется по формуле:<br>$A_п = P \cdot h$<br>$A_п = 2 \text{ Н} \cdot 0.2 \text{ м} = 0.4 \text{ Дж}$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Полная (затраченная) работа ($A_з$) – это работа, совершаемая силой тяги $\text{F}$ при перемещении бруска вдоль наклонной плоскости на расстояние $\text{l}$.<br>$A_з = F \cdot l$<br>$A_з = 0.7 \text{ Н} \cdot 0.8 \text{ м} = 0.56 \text{ Дж}$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) наклонной плоскости – это отношение полезной работы к полной, выраженное в процентах.<br>$\eta = \frac{A_п}{A_з} \cdot 100\%$<br>$\eta = \frac{0.4 \text{ Дж}}{0.56 \text{ Дж}} \cdot 100\% \approx 71.4\%$</p><p><strong>Вывод:</strong> Полезная работа ($0.4$ Дж) оказалась меньше затраченной ($0.56$ Дж), так как часть работы совершается против силы трения, возникающей между бруском и поверхностью наклонной плоскости. КПД наклонной плоскости в данном эксперименте составил приблизительно $71.4\%$. Это означает, что около $28.6\%$ затраченной энергии было потеряно на преодоление трения.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> КПД наклонной плоскости, рассчитанный по гипотетическим данным, составляет примерно $71.4\%$.</p><strong>Экспериментальное задание 4. Выяснение условия равновесия рычага</strong><p><em>Цель работы:</em> экспериментально проверить, при каком условии рычаг находится в равновесии под действием двух сил.</p><p><em>Оборудование:</em> рычаг на штативе, набор грузов, линейка.</p><p><em>Ход работы:</em></p><p><strong>1.</strong> Уравновешиваем рычаг в горизонтальном положении с помощью регулировочных гаек.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Подвешиваем на левую часть рычага на некотором расстоянии $d_1$ от оси вращения один или несколько грузов, создавая силу $F_1$.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Подвешиваем на правую часть рычага такое количество грузов (сила $F_2$), чтобы при определенном расстоянии $d_2$ от оси вращения рычаг снова пришел в равновесие.</p><p><strong>4.</strong> Измеряем плечи сил $d_1$ и $d_2$. Вес грузов $F_1$ и $F_2$ известен (вес одного груза $P_0$ обычно равен 1 Н).</p><p><strong>5.</strong> Вычисляем моменты сил $M_1 = F_1 \cdot d_1$ и $M_2 = F_2 \cdot d_2$.</p><p><strong>6.</strong> Сравниваем отношение сил $\frac{F_1}{F_2}$ и обратное отношение плеч $\frac{d_2}{d_1}$.</p><p><strong>7.</strong> Повторяем опыт для других значений сил и плеч. Результаты заносим в таблицу.</p><p><strong>8.</strong> Делаем вывод.</p><p><strong>Результаты измерений и вычислений (с гипотетическими данными):</strong></p><p>Примем вес одного груза $P_0 = 1$ Н.</p><div class="table-wrap"><table border="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><tbody><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">№ опыта</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Сила $F_1$, Н</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Плечо $d_1$, м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Момент силы<br>$M_1 = F_1 d_1$, Н∙м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Сила $F_2$, Н</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Плечо $d_2$, м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Момент силы<br>$M_2 = F_2 d_2$, Н∙м</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Отношение сил<br>$\frac{F_1}{F_2}$</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Отношение плеч<br>$\frac{d_2}{d_1}$</th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.06</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.0</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.0</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.08</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.24</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.06</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.24</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.75</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">0.75</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>Вывод:</strong> На основе проведенных экспериментов можно заключить, что рычаг находится в равновесии, когда моменты сил, действующих на него, уравновешивают друг друга. В наших опытах, в пределах погрешности измерений, момент силы, вращающей рычаг против часовой стрелки ($M_1$), равен моменту силы, вращающей рычаг по часовой стрелке ($M_2$). Это подтверждает правило моментов: $M_1 = M_2$ или $F_1 d_1 = F_2 d_2$. Также было установлено, что силы, приложенные к рычагу, обратно пропорциональны их плечам: $\frac{F_1}{F_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Экспериментально подтверждено, что условием равновесия рычага является равенство моментов сил, приложенных к нему ($M_1 = M_2$), что эквивалентно обратно пропорциональной зависимости между силами и их плечами ($\frac{F_1}{F_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1}$).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492275" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492273" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" 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Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1227 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492264 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1238 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492265 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492265 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1249 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492266 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492266 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1251 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1260 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492267 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492267 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1271 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492268 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492268 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1282 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492269 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492269 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1285 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1286 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1287 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#1293 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1303 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#1304 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492271 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492271 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1305 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1306 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1307 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1308 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1314 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 9 => App\Models\Task {#1315 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 10 => App\Models\Task {#1326 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 11 => App\Models\Task {#1337 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 12 => App\Models\Task {#1348 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 13 => App\Models\Task {#1359 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1491933 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/page-41" "field_display_title" => "41" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "41" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491934" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491932" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492274 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "41" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/06-12" "field_display_title" => "12" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492275" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492273" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491933" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№12 (с. 41)
Условие. №12 (с. 41)
скриншот условия
12*. Выполните экспериментальные задания 3 и 4 на с. 250.
Решение. №12 (с. 41)
Поскольку в задании дана ссылка на учебник, которого нет в распоряжении, приведем решение для типовых экспериментальных заданий по физике под такими номерами. Чаще всего это задания на определение КПД простых механизмов и проверку условия равновесия рычага.
Экспериментальное задание 3. Определение КПД наклонной плоскостиЦель работы: экспериментально определить коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) наклонной плоскости.
Оборудование: доска (наклонная плоскость), динамометр, брусок, измерительная лента, штатив с муфтой и лапкой.
Ход работы:
1. С помощью штатива устанавливаем доску под некоторым углом к горизонтальной поверхности.
2. С помощью динамометра измеряем вес бруска $\text{P}$.
3. Равномерно перемещаем брусок вверх по наклонной плоскости, измеряя динамометром силу тяги $\text{F}$.
4. С помощью измерительной ленты измеряем длину наклонной плоскости $\text{l}$ и высоту подъема бруска $\text{h}$.
5. Вычисляем полезную работу, затраченную работу и КПД.
6. Делаем вывод.
Пример выполнения (с гипотетическими данными измерений):
Дано:
Вес бруска, $P = 2$ Н
Сила тяги, $F = 0.7$ Н
Длина наклонной плоскости, $l = 80$ см
Высота наклонной плоскости, $h = 20$ см
Перевод в систему СИ:
$l = 80 \text{ см} = 0.8 \text{ м}$
$h = 20 \text{ см} = 0.2 \text{ м}$
Найти:
КПД наклонной плоскости, $\eta$ - ?
Решение:
1. Полезная работа ($A_п$) – это работа по подъему бруска на высоту $\text{h}$. Она вычисляется по формуле:
$A_п = P \cdot h$
$A_п = 2 \text{ Н} \cdot 0.2 \text{ м} = 0.4 \text{ Дж}$
2. Полная (затраченная) работа ($A_з$) – это работа, совершаемая силой тяги $\text{F}$ при перемещении бруска вдоль наклонной плоскости на расстояние $\text{l}$.
$A_з = F \cdot l$
$A_з = 0.7 \text{ Н} \cdot 0.8 \text{ м} = 0.56 \text{ Дж}$
3. Коэффициент полезного действия (КПД) наклонной плоскости – это отношение полезной работы к полной, выраженное в процентах.
$\eta = \frac{A_п}{A_з} \cdot 100\%$
$\eta = \frac{0.4 \text{ Дж}}{0.56 \text{ Дж}} \cdot 100\% \approx 71.4\%$
Вывод: Полезная работа ($0.4$ Дж) оказалась меньше затраченной ($0.56$ Дж), так как часть работы совершается против силы трения, возникающей между бруском и поверхностью наклонной плоскости. КПД наклонной плоскости в данном эксперименте составил приблизительно $71.4\%$. Это означает, что около $28.6\%$ затраченной энергии было потеряно на преодоление трения.
Ответ: КПД наклонной плоскости, рассчитанный по гипотетическим данным, составляет примерно $71.4\%$.
Экспериментальное задание 4. Выяснение условия равновесия рычагаЦель работы: экспериментально проверить, при каком условии рычаг находится в равновесии под действием двух сил.
Оборудование: рычаг на штативе, набор грузов, линейка.
Ход работы:
1. Уравновешиваем рычаг в горизонтальном положении с помощью регулировочных гаек.
2. Подвешиваем на левую часть рычага на некотором расстоянии $d_1$ от оси вращения один или несколько грузов, создавая силу $F_1$.
3. Подвешиваем на правую часть рычага такое количество грузов (сила $F_2$), чтобы при определенном расстоянии $d_2$ от оси вращения рычаг снова пришел в равновесие.
4. Измеряем плечи сил $d_1$ и $d_2$. Вес грузов $F_1$ и $F_2$ известен (вес одного груза $P_0$ обычно равен 1 Н).
5. Вычисляем моменты сил $M_1 = F_1 \cdot d_1$ и $M_2 = F_2 \cdot d_2$.
6. Сравниваем отношение сил $\frac{F_1}{F_2}$ и обратное отношение плеч $\frac{d_2}{d_1}$.
7. Повторяем опыт для других значений сил и плеч. Результаты заносим в таблицу.
8. Делаем вывод.
Результаты измерений и вычислений (с гипотетическими данными):
Примем вес одного груза $P_0 = 1$ Н.
| № опыта | Сила $F_1$, Н | Плечо $d_1$, м | Момент силы $M_1 = F_1 d_1$, Н∙м | Сила $F_2$, Н | Плечо $d_2$, м | Момент силы $M_2 = F_2 d_2$, Н∙м | Отношение сил $\frac{F_1}{F_2}$ | Отношение плеч $\frac{d_2}{d_1}$ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 2 | 3 | 0.08 | 0.24 | 4 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
Вывод: На основе проведенных экспериментов можно заключить, что рычаг находится в равновесии, когда моменты сил, действующих на него, уравновешивают друг друга. В наших опытах, в пределах погрешности измерений, момент силы, вращающей рычаг против часовой стрелки ($M_1$), равен моменту силы, вращающей рычаг по часовой стрелке ($M_2$). Это подтверждает правило моментов: $M_1 = M_2$ или $F_1 d_1 = F_2 d_2$. Также было установлено, что силы, приложенные к рычагу, обратно пропорциональны их плечам: $\frac{F_1}{F_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1}$.
Ответ: Экспериментально подтверждено, что условием равновесия рычага является равенство моментов сил, приложенных к нему ($M_1 = M_2$), что эквивалентно обратно пропорциональной зависимости между силами и их плечами ($\frac{F_1}{F_2} = \frac{d_2}{d_1}$).
Другие задания:
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