gdz.top
Номер 1, страница 100 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Изергин
Авторы: Изергин Э. Т.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Русское слово
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
Цвет обложки: синий
ISBN: 978-5-533-01067-2
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава III. Постоянный электрический ток. Параграф 16. Электрический ток - номер 1, страница 100.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492371 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1063 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "16" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Постоянный электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрический ток" "field_branch_order" => "16" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_page_start" => "95" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1774523 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6496 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6496 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492371" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Что такое электрический ток?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "823" "height" => 133 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/0-16/1-1.webp?ts=1761329192" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1774523 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492371" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>1.</strong> Что такое электрический ток?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "823" "height" => 133 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/0-16/1-1.webp?ts=1761329192" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1851695 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1145 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 7014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 7014 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492371" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Электрический ток — это упорядоченное (направленное) движение заряженных частиц или квазичастиц (носителей заряда) в проводящей среде или в вакууме.</p><p>В качестве носителей заряда могут выступать:<br>• в металлах и их сплавах — свободные электроны;<br>• в электролитах (растворах и расплавах солей, кислот, щелочей) — ионы (катионы и анионы);<br>• в газах — ионы и электроны;<br>• в полупроводниках — электроны и дырки (электронно-дырочная проводимость);<br>• в вакууме — электроны, испускаемые катодом (например, в вакуумных лампах).</p><p>Для возникновения и поддержания электрического тока в веществе необходимо выполнение двух условий:<br>1. Наличие свободных носителей заряда.<br>2. Наличие электрического поля, которое создает силу, заставляющую эти заряды двигаться в определенном направлении.</p><p>Количественной мерой электрического тока является сила тока ($\text{I}$) — скалярная величина, равная отношению заряда ($\Delta q$), прошедшего через поперечное сечение проводника за промежуток времени ($\Delta t$), к этому промежутку времени:<br>$I = \frac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}$<br>В Международной системе единиц (СИ) сила тока измеряется в Амперах (А).</p><p>За направление электрического тока условно принято направление движения положительно заряженных частиц. Таким образом, в металлических проводниках, где носителями заряда являются отрицательно заряженные электроны, направление тока противоположно направлению движения электронов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электрический ток — это упорядоченное движение заряженных частиц. Для его существования необходимо наличие свободных носителей заряда и электрического поля. Основной характеристикой тока является сила тока, измеряемая в Амперах.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1851695 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492371" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Электрический ток — это упорядоченное (направленное) движение заряженных частиц или квазичастиц (носителей заряда) в проводящей среде или в вакууме.</p><p>В качестве носителей заряда могут выступать:<br>• в металлах и их сплавах — свободные электроны;<br>• в электролитах (растворах и расплавах солей, кислот, щелочей) — ионы (катионы и анионы);<br>• в газах — ионы и электроны;<br>• в полупроводниках — электроны и дырки (электронно-дырочная проводимость);<br>• в вакууме — электроны, испускаемые катодом (например, в вакуумных лампах).</p><p>Для возникновения и поддержания электрического тока в веществе необходимо выполнение двух условий:<br>1. Наличие свободных носителей заряда.<br>2. Наличие электрического поля, которое создает силу, заставляющую эти заряды двигаться в определенном направлении.</p><p>Количественной мерой электрического тока является сила тока ($\text{I}$) — скалярная величина, равная отношению заряда ($\Delta q$), прошедшего через поперечное сечение проводника за промежуток времени ($\Delta t$), к этому промежутку времени:<br>$I = \frac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}$<br>В Международной системе единиц (СИ) сила тока измеряется в Амперах (А).</p><p>За направление электрического тока условно принято направление движения положительно заряженных частиц. Таким образом, в металлических проводниках, где носителями заряда являются отрицательно заряженные электроны, направление тока противоположно направлению движения электронов.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Электрический ток — это упорядоченное движение заряженных частиц. Для его существования необходимо наличие свободных носителей заряда и электрического поля. Основной характеристикой тока является сила тока, измеряемая в Амперах.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492372" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492370" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1152 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1154 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1156 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Русское слово" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "russkoe slovo" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1160 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4491 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Изергин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Эдуард" "field_patronymic" => "Тимофеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1163 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1165 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1167 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1172 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" "alt" => "" "width" => "1608" "height" => "2576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1179 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 49 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "синий" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "siniy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/izergin-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760998278" "alt" => "" "width" => "1608" "height" => "2576" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1477 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1184 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1491992 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/page-100" "field_display_title" => "100" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "100" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1188 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для 8 класса общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "417" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/izergin-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-533-01067-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1218 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1774893 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1774893 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491993" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491991" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1227 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492371 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1337 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492371 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1337 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1349 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492372 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1351 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1352 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1353 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1354 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1359 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492372 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1351 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1352 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1353 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1354 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1359 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1360 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1492373 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1361 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1362 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1363 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1364 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1365 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1382 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492373 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1361 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null …14 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1383 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1406 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1429 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1452 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1491992 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/page-100" "field_display_title" => "100" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "100" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491993" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491991" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1226} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1492371 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "100" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/izergin-uchebnik/16-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492372" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1492370" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1491992" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№1 (с. 100)
Условие. №1 (с. 100)
скриншот условия
1. Что такое электрический ток?
Решение. №1 (с. 100)
Электрический ток — это упорядоченное (направленное) движение заряженных частиц или квазичастиц (носителей заряда) в проводящей среде или в вакууме.
В качестве носителей заряда могут выступать:
• в металлах и их сплавах — свободные электроны;
• в электролитах (растворах и расплавах солей, кислот, щелочей) — ионы (катионы и анионы);
• в газах — ионы и электроны;
• в полупроводниках — электроны и дырки (электронно-дырочная проводимость);
• в вакууме — электроны, испускаемые катодом (например, в вакуумных лампах).
Для возникновения и поддержания электрического тока в веществе необходимо выполнение двух условий:
1. Наличие свободных носителей заряда.
2. Наличие электрического поля, которое создает силу, заставляющую эти заряды двигаться в определенном направлении.
Количественной мерой электрического тока является сила тока ($\text{I}$) — скалярная величина, равная отношению заряда ($\Delta q$), прошедшего через поперечное сечение проводника за промежуток времени ($\Delta t$), к этому промежутку времени:
$I = \frac{\Delta q}{\Delta t}$
В Международной системе единиц (СИ) сила тока измеряется в Амперах (А).
За направление электрического тока условно принято направление движения положительно заряженных частиц. Таким образом, в металлических проводниках, где носителями заряда являются отрицательно заряженные электроны, направление тока противоположно направлению движения электронов.
Ответ: Электрический ток — это упорядоченное движение заряженных частиц. Для его существования необходимо наличие свободных носителей заряда и электрического поля. Основной характеристикой тока является сила тока, измеряемая в Амперах.
Другие задания:
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