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Номер 9, страница 44 - гдз по физике 8 класс дидактические материалы Марон, Марон
Авторы: Марон А. Е., Марон Е. А.
Тип: Дидактические материалы
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2022 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый
ISBN: 978-5-09-111138-5
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Тесты для самоконтроля. ТС-4. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение. Вариант 1 - номер 9, страница 44.
App\Models\Task {#1003 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1008 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1017 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469750 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты для самоконтроля" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1019 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "34" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1021 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "физику" "field_creative_case" => "физикой" "field_dative_case" => "физике" "field_genitive_case" => "физики" "field_nominative_case" => "физика" "field_prepositional_case" => "физике" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1024 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1026 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1028 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5107 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Абрам" "field_patronymic" => "Евсеевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5108 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Марон" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Евгений" "field_patronymic" => "Абрамович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6510 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Дидактические материалы" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_creative_case" => "дидактическими материалами" "field_dative_case" => "дидактическим материалам" "field_genitive_case" => "дидактических материалов" "field_nominative_case" => "дидактические материалы" "field_prepositional_case" => "дидактических материалах" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "didakticheskie materialy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "базовый" "field_creative_case" => "базовым" "field_dative_case" => "базовому" "field_genitive_case" => "базового" "field_nominative_case" => "базовый" "field_prepositional_case" => "базовом" ] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1050 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "белый" "field_creative_case" => "белым" "field_dative_case" => "белому" "field_genitive_case" => "белого" "field_nominative_case" => "белый" "field_prepositional_case" => "белом" ] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 1038 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_publication_number" => "4" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2022" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное пособие" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "661" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/maron-dm/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-111138-5" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1760461989" "alt" => "" "width" => "2294" "height" => "3039" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469750 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты для самоконтроля" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1019} "field_page_start" => "34" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469750 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты для самоконтроля" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "34" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469750 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тесты для самоконтроля" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_page_start" => "34" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "ТС-4. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "43" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1017} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "ТС-4. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "field_page_start" => "43" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1100 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469761 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "43" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1110 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1469760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "ТС-4. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "43" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1017} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469760 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "ТС-4. Испарение и конденсация. Влажность воздуха. Кипение" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "field_page_start" => "43" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1469761 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Вариант 1" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "field_page_start" => "43" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1761114 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1073 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>9.</strong> Для какого вещества представлен график нагревания и кипения (рис. 52)?</p><p><strong>А.</strong> Эфир.</p><p><strong>Б.</strong> Вода.</p><p><strong>В.</strong> Спирт.</p><p>Рис. 52</p>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "9-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1431" "height" => 361 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-tc04-1/9-1.webp?ts=1760803365" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "9-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "693" "height" => 615 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-tc04-1/9-2.webp?ts=1760803365" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1761114 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>9.</strong> Для какого вещества представлен график нагревания и кипения (рис. 52)?</p><p><strong>А.</strong> Эфир.</p><p><strong>Б.</strong> Вода.</p><p><strong>В.</strong> Спирт.</p><p>Рис. 52</p>" "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "9-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1431" "height" => 361 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-tc04-1/9-1.webp?ts=1760803365" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "9-2.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "693" "height" => 615 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/maron-dm/0-tc04-1/9-2.webp?ts=1760803365" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1820529 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1065 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6684 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>На графике показана зависимость температуры вещества от времени. График состоит из двух участков.<br>Первый участок — наклонная линия, показывающая рост температуры с $\text{48}$ °C до $\text{78}$ °C. На этом этапе происходит нагревание вещества в жидком состоянии.<br>Второй участок — горизонтальная линия на уровне $t = 78$ °C. Это означает, что температура вещества перестала меняться, хотя процесс нагревания продолжается. Постоянство температуры во время подвода тепла характерно для процесса фазового перехода, в данном случае — кипения. Таким образом, температура кипения вещества, представленного на графике, равна $\text{78}$ °C.<br>Теперь сравним эту температуру с температурами кипения веществ, указанных в вариантах ответа (при нормальном атмосферном давлении):<br>А. Эфир кипит при температуре около $\text{35}$ °C.<br>Б. Вода кипит при температуре $100$ °C.<br>В. Спирт (этиловый спирт) кипит при температуре около $\text{78}$ °C.<br>Полученное из графика значение температуры кипения ($\text{78}$ °C) совпадает с температурой кипения спирта.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> В. Спирт.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1820529 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Решение</strong></p><p>На графике показана зависимость температуры вещества от времени. График состоит из двух участков.<br>Первый участок — наклонная линия, показывающая рост температуры с $\text{48}$ °C до $\text{78}$ °C. На этом этапе происходит нагревание вещества в жидком состоянии.<br>Второй участок — горизонтальная линия на уровне $t = 78$ °C. Это означает, что температура вещества перестала меняться, хотя процесс нагревания продолжается. Постоянство температуры во время подвода тепла характерно для процесса фазового перехода, в данном случае — кипения. Таким образом, температура кипения вещества, представленного на графике, равна $\text{78}$ °C.<br>Теперь сравним эту температуру с температурами кипения веществ, указанных в вариантах ответа (при нормальном атмосферном давлении):<br>А. Эфир кипит при температуре около $\text{35}$ °C.<br>Б. Вода кипит при температуре $100$ °C.<br>В. Спирт (этиловый спирт) кипит при температуре около $\text{78}$ °C.<br>Полученное из графика значение температуры кипения ($\text{78}$ °C) совпадает с температурой кипения спирта.<br><strong>Ответ:</strong> В. Спирт.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470139" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470137" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1079 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1469648 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-44" "field_display_title" => "44" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "44" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1020} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1761528 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1072} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1761528 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469649" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469647" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 #items: array:6 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1187 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470137 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470136" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470137 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-8" "field_display_title" => "8" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470136" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1194 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470139" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470137" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470139" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470137" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1206 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470139 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-10" "field_display_title" => "10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470140" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470139 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-10" "field_display_title" => "10" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1207} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470140" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470138" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1213 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470140 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-2-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470141" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470139" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470140 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-2-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1257} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470141" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470139" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1291 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-2-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470142" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470140" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470141 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-2-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470142" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470140" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1284 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1470142 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-2-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 #items: array:2 [ …2] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470143" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470141" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470142 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-2-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470143" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470141" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1469648 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/page-44" "field_display_title" => "44" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "44" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469649" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469647" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1470138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "44" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/maron-didakticheskie-materialy/tc04-1-9" "field_display_title" => "9" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470139" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1470137" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1469648" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№9 (с. 44)
Условие. №9 (с. 44)
скриншот условия
9. Для какого вещества представлен график нагревания и кипения (рис. 52)?
А. Эфир.
Б. Вода.
В. Спирт.
Рис. 52
Решение. №9 (с. 44)
Решение
На графике показана зависимость температуры вещества от времени. График состоит из двух участков.
Первый участок — наклонная линия, показывающая рост температуры с $\text{48}$ °C до $\text{78}$ °C. На этом этапе происходит нагревание вещества в жидком состоянии.
Второй участок — горизонтальная линия на уровне $t = 78$ °C. Это означает, что температура вещества перестала меняться, хотя процесс нагревания продолжается. Постоянство температуры во время подвода тепла характерно для процесса фазового перехода, в данном случае — кипения. Таким образом, температура кипения вещества, представленного на графике, равна $\text{78}$ °C.
Теперь сравним эту температуру с температурами кипения веществ, указанных в вариантах ответа (при нормальном атмосферном давлении):
А. Эфир кипит при температуре около $\text{35}$ °C.
Б. Вода кипит при температуре $100$ °C.
В. Спирт (этиловый спирт) кипит при температуре около $\text{78}$ °C.
Полученное из графика значение температуры кипения ($\text{78}$ °C) совпадает с температурой кипения спирта.
Ответ: В. Спирт.
Другие задания:
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