gdz.top
Номер 5, страница 87 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Пёрышкин
Авторы: Пёрышкин И. М.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый с градусником
ISBN: 978-5-09-102555-2
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 1. Тепловые явления. Параграф 22. Удельная теплота парообразования. Упражнение 19 - номер 5, страница 87.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599039 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/22-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598563 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598563 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1119 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598563 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1130 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1145 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1151 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598563 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Тепловые явления" "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_page_start" => "3" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Удельная теплота парообразования" "field_branch_order" => "22" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1155 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "83" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Удельная теплота парообразования" "field_branch_order" => "22" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158} "field_page_start" => "83" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598647 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Упражнение 19" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "86" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1169 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Удельная теплота парообразования" "field_branch_order" => "22" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_page_start" => "83" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598644 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Удельная теплота парообразования" "field_branch_order" => "22" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_page_start" => "83" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598647 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Упражнение 19" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160} "field_page_start" => "86" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 745513 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1072 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>5*.</strong> В парниковых хозяйствах для уничтожения личинок вредителей грунт обрабатывают горячим водяным паром. Определите расход пара на кубометр грунта (масса пара, необходимая для нагревания 1 м³ грунта), если грунт надо нагреть от 15 до 95 °С. Плотность грунта в среднем равна <span class="long">1,8<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>г</mi><mrow><mi>с</mi><msup><mi>м</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac></math>,</span> средняя удельная теплоёмкость грунта <span class="long">800</span><span class="long fraction"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>Д</mi><mi>ж</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>к</mi><mi>г</mi><mo> </mo><mo>•</mo><mo> </mo><mo>°</mo><mi>С</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span><span class="long">,</span> температура используемого пара 100 °С.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "739" "height" => 226 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738080889" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 745513 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>5*.</strong> В парниковых хозяйствах для уничтожения личинок вредителей грунт обрабатывают горячим водяным паром. Определите расход пара на кубометр грунта (масса пара, необходимая для нагревания 1 м³ грунта), если грунт надо нагреть от 15 до 95 °С. Плотность грунта в среднем равна <span class="long">1,8<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi>г</mi><mrow><mi>с</mi><msup><mi>м</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></mrow></mfrac></math>,</span> средняя удельная теплоёмкость грунта <span class="long">800</span><span class="long fraction"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mi>Д</mi><mi>ж</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>к</mi><mi>г</mi><mo> </mo><mo>•</mo><mo> </mo><mo>°</mo><mi>С</mi></mrow></mfrac></math></span><span class="long">,</span> температура используемого пара 100 °С.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "739" "height" => 226 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738080889" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1103 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 745671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1101 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2022" "height" => 2201 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738080926" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 745671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2022" "height" => 2201 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738080926" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 746732 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1638 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "3-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1638 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "3-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "700" "height" => 2060 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/3-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738080973" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 746732 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "700" "height" => 2060 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/3-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738080973" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1088 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 747025 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1084 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "843" "height" => 797 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738081037" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 747025 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "5-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "843" "height" => 797 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-22-3/5-1.webp?ts=1738081037" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Element {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1466844 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1075 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Объем грунта, $V_г = 1 \, \text{м}^3$<br>Начальная температура грунта, $t_{г1} = 15°C$<br>Конечная температура грунта, $t_{г2} = 95°C$<br>Плотность грунта, $\rho_г = 1,8 \, \frac{\text{г}}{\text{см}^3} = 1800 \, \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3}$<br>Удельная теплоемкость грунта, $c_г = 800 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}}$<br>Температура пара, $t_п = 100°C$<br>Удельная теплота парообразования воды, $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}}$ (справочное значение)<br>Удельная теплоемкость воды, $c_в = 4200 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}}$ (справочное значение)</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Массу пара $m_п$.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Для решения задачи используется уравнение теплового баланса. Количество теплоты, отданное горячим паром ($Q_п$), равно количеству теплоты, которое получил грунт ($Q_г$). Предполагаем, что потерь тепла в окружающую среду нет.</p><p>$Q_г = Q_п$</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_г$, необходимое для нагревания грунта. Сначала определим массу грунта объемом $1 \, \text{м}^3$, используя формулу массы $m = \rho \cdot V$:<br>$m_г = \rho_г \cdot V_г = 1800 \, \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} \cdot 1 \, \text{м}^3 = 1800 \, \text{кг}$</p><p>Теперь рассчитаем количество теплоты, полученное грунтом при нагревании от $t_{г1}$ до $t_{г2}$, по формуле $Q = c \cdot m \cdot \Delta t$:<br>$Q_г = c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1})$<br>$Q_г = 800 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}} \cdot 1800 \, \text{кг} \cdot (95°C - 15°C) = 800 \cdot 1800 \cdot 80 = 115200000 \, \text{Дж} = 1,152 \cdot 10^8 \, \text{Дж}$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_п$, которое отдает пар. Этот процесс состоит из двух этапов:<br>а) Конденсация пара массой $m_п$ в воду при температуре $t_п = 100°C$. При этом выделяется теплота $Q_{конд} = L \cdot m_п$.<br>б) Охлаждение образовавшейся воды от $t_п = 100°C$ до конечной температуры системы $t_{г2} = 95°C$. При этом выделяется теплота $Q_{охл} = c_в \cdot m_п \cdot (t_п - t_{г2})$.</p><p>Суммарное количество теплоты, отданное паром, равно:<br>$Q_п = Q_{конд} + Q_{охл} = L \cdot m_п + c_в \cdot m_п \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}) = m_п \cdot (L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}))$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Приравняем количество полученной и отданной теплоты и выразим искомую массу пара $m_п$:<br>$c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1}) = m_п \cdot (L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}))$<br>$m_п = \frac{c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1})}{L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2})}$</p><p>Подставим числовые значения в полученную формулу:<br>$m_п = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8 \, \text{Дж}}{2,3 \cdot 10^6 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}} + 4200 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}} \cdot (100°C - 95°C)}$<br>$m_п = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8}{2,3 \cdot 10^6 + 4200 \cdot 5} = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8}{2300000 + 21000} = \frac{115200000}{2321000} \approx 49,63 \, \text{кг}$</p><p>Округляя результат до десятых, получаем необходимую массу пара.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> расход пара на кубометр грунта составляет примерно 49,6 кг.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1466844 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599039" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Объем грунта, $V_г = 1 \, \text{м}^3$<br>Начальная температура грунта, $t_{г1} = 15°C$<br>Конечная температура грунта, $t_{г2} = 95°C$<br>Плотность грунта, $\rho_г = 1,8 \, \frac{\text{г}}{\text{см}^3} = 1800 \, \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3}$<br>Удельная теплоемкость грунта, $c_г = 800 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}}$<br>Температура пара, $t_п = 100°C$<br>Удельная теплота парообразования воды, $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}}$ (справочное значение)<br>Удельная теплоемкость воды, $c_в = 4200 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}}$ (справочное значение)</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Массу пара $m_п$.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>Для решения задачи используется уравнение теплового баланса. Количество теплоты, отданное горячим паром ($Q_п$), равно количеству теплоты, которое получил грунт ($Q_г$). Предполагаем, что потерь тепла в окружающую среду нет.</p><p>$Q_г = Q_п$</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_г$, необходимое для нагревания грунта. Сначала определим массу грунта объемом $1 \, \text{м}^3$, используя формулу массы $m = \rho \cdot V$:<br>$m_г = \rho_г \cdot V_г = 1800 \, \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} \cdot 1 \, \text{м}^3 = 1800 \, \text{кг}$</p><p>Теперь рассчитаем количество теплоты, полученное грунтом при нагревании от $t_{г1}$ до $t_{г2}$, по формуле $Q = c \cdot m \cdot \Delta t$:<br>$Q_г = c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1})$<br>$Q_г = 800 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}} \cdot 1800 \, \text{кг} \cdot (95°C - 15°C) = 800 \cdot 1800 \cdot 80 = 115200000 \, \text{Дж} = 1,152 \cdot 10^8 \, \text{Дж}$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Найдем количество теплоты $Q_п$, которое отдает пар. Этот процесс состоит из двух этапов:<br>а) Конденсация пара массой $m_п$ в воду при температуре $t_п = 100°C$. При этом выделяется теплота $Q_{конд} = L \cdot m_п$.<br>б) Охлаждение образовавшейся воды от $t_п = 100°C$ до конечной температуры системы $t_{г2} = 95°C$. При этом выделяется теплота $Q_{охл} = c_в \cdot m_п \cdot (t_п - t_{г2})$.</p><p>Суммарное количество теплоты, отданное паром, равно:<br>$Q_п = Q_{конд} + Q_{охл} = L \cdot m_п + c_в \cdot m_п \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}) = m_п \cdot (L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}))$</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Приравняем количество полученной и отданной теплоты и выразим искомую массу пара $m_п$:<br>$c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1}) = m_п \cdot (L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}))$<br>$m_п = \frac{c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1})}{L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2})}$</p><p>Подставим числовые значения в полученную формулу:<br>$m_п = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8 \, \text{Дж}}{2,3 \cdot 10^6 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}} + 4200 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}} \cdot (100°C - 95°C)}$<br>$m_п = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8}{2,3 \cdot 10^6 + 4200 \cdot 5} = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8}{2300000 + 21000} = \frac{115200000}{2321000} \approx 49,63 \, \text{кг}$</p><p>Округляя результат до десятых, получаем необходимую массу пара.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> расход пара на кубометр грунта составляет примерно 49,6 кг.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599040" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599038" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1122} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1799 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 991451 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-87" "field_display_title" => "87" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "87" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null …2 ] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1198 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991452" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991450" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1207 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1404 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1601 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 991451 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-87" "field_display_title" => "87" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "87" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991452" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991450" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599039 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "87" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/22-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599040" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599038" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "991451" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№5 (с. 87)
Условие. №5 (с. 87)
скриншот условия
5*. В парниковых хозяйствах для уничтожения личинок вредителей грунт обрабатывают горячим водяным паром. Определите расход пара на кубометр грунта (масса пара, необходимая для нагревания 1 м³ грунта), если грунт надо нагреть от 15 до 95 °С. Плотность грунта в среднем равна 1,8, средняя удельная теплоёмкость грунта 800, температура используемого пара 100 °С.
Решение 1. №5 (с. 87)
Решение 2. №5 (с. 87)
Решение 3. №5 (с. 87)
Решение 4. №5 (с. 87)
Дано:
Объем грунта, $V_г = 1 \, \text{м}^3$
Начальная температура грунта, $t_{г1} = 15°C$
Конечная температура грунта, $t_{г2} = 95°C$
Плотность грунта, $\rho_г = 1,8 \, \frac{\text{г}}{\text{см}^3} = 1800 \, \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3}$
Удельная теплоемкость грунта, $c_г = 800 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}}$
Температура пара, $t_п = 100°C$
Удельная теплота парообразования воды, $L = 2,3 \cdot 10^6 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}}$ (справочное значение)
Удельная теплоемкость воды, $c_в = 4200 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}}$ (справочное значение)
Найти:
Массу пара $m_п$.
Решение:
Для решения задачи используется уравнение теплового баланса. Количество теплоты, отданное горячим паром ($Q_п$), равно количеству теплоты, которое получил грунт ($Q_г$). Предполагаем, что потерь тепла в окружающую среду нет.
$Q_г = Q_п$
1. Найдем количество теплоты $Q_г$, необходимое для нагревания грунта. Сначала определим массу грунта объемом $1 \, \text{м}^3$, используя формулу массы $m = \rho \cdot V$:
$m_г = \rho_г \cdot V_г = 1800 \, \frac{\text{кг}}{\text{м}^3} \cdot 1 \, \text{м}^3 = 1800 \, \text{кг}$
Теперь рассчитаем количество теплоты, полученное грунтом при нагревании от $t_{г1}$ до $t_{г2}$, по формуле $Q = c \cdot m \cdot \Delta t$:
$Q_г = c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1})$
$Q_г = 800 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}} \cdot 1800 \, \text{кг} \cdot (95°C - 15°C) = 800 \cdot 1800 \cdot 80 = 115200000 \, \text{Дж} = 1,152 \cdot 10^8 \, \text{Дж}$
2. Найдем количество теплоты $Q_п$, которое отдает пар. Этот процесс состоит из двух этапов:
а) Конденсация пара массой $m_п$ в воду при температуре $t_п = 100°C$. При этом выделяется теплота $Q_{конд} = L \cdot m_п$.
б) Охлаждение образовавшейся воды от $t_п = 100°C$ до конечной температуры системы $t_{г2} = 95°C$. При этом выделяется теплота $Q_{охл} = c_в \cdot m_п \cdot (t_п - t_{г2})$.
Суммарное количество теплоты, отданное паром, равно:
$Q_п = Q_{конд} + Q_{охл} = L \cdot m_п + c_в \cdot m_п \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}) = m_п \cdot (L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}))$
3. Приравняем количество полученной и отданной теплоты и выразим искомую массу пара $m_п$:
$c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1}) = m_п \cdot (L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2}))$
$m_п = \frac{c_г \cdot m_г \cdot (t_{г2} - t_{г1})}{L + c_в \cdot (t_п - t_{г2})}$
Подставим числовые значения в полученную формулу:
$m_п = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8 \, \text{Дж}}{2,3 \cdot 10^6 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг}} + 4200 \, \frac{\text{Дж}}{\text{кг} \cdot ^\circ\text{C}} \cdot (100°C - 95°C)}$
$m_п = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8}{2,3 \cdot 10^6 + 4200 \cdot 5} = \frac{1,152 \cdot 10^8}{2300000 + 21000} = \frac{115200000}{2321000} \approx 49,63 \, \text{кг}$
Округляя результат до десятых, получаем необходимую массу пара.
Ответ: расход пара на кубометр грунта составляет примерно 49,6 кг.
Другие задания:
Помогло решение? Оставьте отзыв в комментариях ниже.
Присоединяйтесь к Телеграм-группе @top_gdz
ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по физике за 8 класс, для упражнения номер 5 расположенного на странице 87 к учебнику 2023 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по физике к упражнению №5 (с. 87), автора: Пёрышкин (И М), ФГОС (новый, красный) базовый уровень обучения учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.