gdz.top
Номер 1, страница 137 - гдз по физике 8 класс учебник Пёрышкин
Авторы: Пёрышкин И. М.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2023 - 2026
Уровень обучения: базовый
Цвет обложки: белый с градусником
ISBN: 978-5-09-102555-2
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 2. Электрические явления. Параграф 37. Действия электрического тока. Задание 18 - номер 1, страница 137.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599188 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/37-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 6884 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Пёрышкин" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "И" "field_patronymic" => "М" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1052 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 38 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "базовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "bazovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1054 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 25 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (новый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => "красный" "field_end_year" => "2027" "field_start_year" => "2023" "field_translit" => "fgos" "field_type" => "новый" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1056 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 34 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "переработанное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "pererabotannoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 45 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "белый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "belyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1737917825" "alt" => "" "width" => "1350" "height" => "1772" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 492 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1065 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "37" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1067 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "133" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598662 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Электрические явления" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_page_start" => "100" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "37" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_page_start" => "133" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598701 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задание 18" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "137" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1078 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 598698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "37" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_page_start" => "133" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598698 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Действия электрического тока" "field_branch_order" => "37" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 …2} "field_page_start" => "133" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 598701 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Задание 18" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_page_start" => "137" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1083 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 745818 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1085 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1636 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "text" => """ <p><strong>1</strong>. Возьмите батарейку: «плоскую» или «Крона». Приложите контакты батарейки к свежему срезу картофеля (рис. 88). Через несколько минут рассмотрите следы от контактов на картофеле. Опишите наблюдаемую картину.</p><figure><figure class="align-center">\n <img src="/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-37-3/1.webp?ts=1743621481" alt="Что произойдёт, если контакты батарейки приложить к свежему срезу картофеля" loading="lazy" width="311" height="680">\n </figure>\n <figcaption> </figcaption></figure> """ "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "629" "height" => 137 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-37-3/1-1.webp?ts=1738080961" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.png" "alt" => null "width" => "173" "height" => 358 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-37-3/1-2.webp?ts=1738080961" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 745818 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "text" => """ <p><strong>1</strong>. Возьмите батарейку: «плоскую» или «Крона». Приложите контакты батарейки к свежему срезу картофеля (рис. 88). Через несколько минут рассмотрите следы от контактов на картофеле. Опишите наблюдаемую картину.</p><figure><figure class="align-center">\n <img src="/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-37-3/1.webp?ts=1743621481" alt="Что произойдёт, если контакты батарейки приложить к свежему срезу картофеля" loading="lazy" width="311" height="680">\n </figure>\n <figcaption> </figcaption></figure> """ "img" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "629" "height" => 137 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-37-3/1-1.webp?ts=1738080961" ] 1 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-2.png" "alt" => null "width" => "173" "height" => 358 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/0-37-3/1-2.webp?ts=1738080961" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 745978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1637 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 1" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Колесникович" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1803" "height" => 340 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-37-3/1-1.webp?ts=1738081003" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 745978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1803" "height" => 340 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/1-37-3/1-1.webp?ts=1738081003" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1099 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 747273 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1101 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1639 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 3" "field_order" => "4" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "825" "height" => 173 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-37-3/1-1.webp?ts=1738081117" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 747273 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.png" "alt" => null "width" => "825" "height" => 173 "path" => "/media/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/2-37-3/1-1.webp?ts=1738081117" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Element {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1466993 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1109 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5406 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 4" "field_order" => "5" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "4-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>При прикладывании контактов батарейки к свежему срезу картофеля наблюдается картина, являющаяся следствием химического действия электрического тока. Картофельный сок, содержащий воду и растворенные в ней минеральные соли (например, хлорид калия $KCl$), выступает в роли электролита. При замыкании электрической цепи через картофель начинает протекать постоянный электрический ток, вызывая на контактах-электродах реакции электролиза.</p><p><strong>Наблюдаемая картина:</strong></p><p>Через несколько минут можно будет заметить, что срез картофеля изменил свой цвет вокруг одного из контактов, в то время как область вокруг другого контакта осталась практически без изменений.</p><p><strong>У положительного полюса (анода):</strong> Область картофеля в месте контакта потемнеет, приобретая зеленоватый, сине-фиолетовый или даже черно-коричневый оттенок. Это происходит из-за окислительных реакций на аноде. На положительном электроде происходит окисление анионов, присутствующих в клеточном соке (например, хлорид-ионов $Cl^-$), или молекул воды:</p><p>$2Cl^- - 2e^- \rightarrow Cl_2$</p><p>Образующийся хлор является сильным окислителем. Он реагирует с иодид-ионами, которые в небольшом количестве всегда содержатся в картофеле, с образованием свободного йода ($I_2$). Йод, в свою очередь, является качественным реактивом на крахмал, которым богат картофель. Реакция йода с крахмалом и дает характерное темное окрашивание. Также потемнение может быть вызвано окислением самого материала электрода или органических веществ в кислой среде, которая образуется у анода.</p><p><strong>У отрицательного полюса (катода):</strong> В месте контакта с отрицательным полюсом, как правило, не происходит заметных изменений цвета. Иногда можно наблюдать незначительное вспенивание или появление мелких пузырьков. Это выделяется газообразный водород в результате процесса восстановления молекул воды на катоде:</p><p>$2H_2O + 2e^- \rightarrow H_2\uparrow + 2OH^-$</p><p>Образующиеся гидроксид-ионы ($OH^-$) создают щелочную среду, но она обычно не вызывает видимых цветовых изменений на срезе картофеля.</p><p>Таким образом, эксперимент наглядно демонстрирует химическое действие электрического тока. Появление темного пятна позволяет однозначно определить положительный полюс батарейки.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Через несколько минут после приложения контактов батарейки к срезу картофеля можно наблюдать, что вокруг одного из контактов (положительного полюса) срез потемнеет и окрасится в сине-зеленый или черно-коричневый цвет. Это происходит из-за химических реакций (электролиза), в результате которых образуются вещества, реагирующие с крахмалом в картофеле. Вокруг другого контакта (отрицательного полюса) заметных изменений цвета не произойдет, возможно лишь небольшое выделение пузырьков газа (водорода).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1466993 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599188" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>При прикладывании контактов батарейки к свежему срезу картофеля наблюдается картина, являющаяся следствием химического действия электрического тока. Картофельный сок, содержащий воду и растворенные в ней минеральные соли (например, хлорид калия $KCl$), выступает в роли электролита. При замыкании электрической цепи через картофель начинает протекать постоянный электрический ток, вызывая на контактах-электродах реакции электролиза.</p><p><strong>Наблюдаемая картина:</strong></p><p>Через несколько минут можно будет заметить, что срез картофеля изменил свой цвет вокруг одного из контактов, в то время как область вокруг другого контакта осталась практически без изменений.</p><p><strong>У положительного полюса (анода):</strong> Область картофеля в месте контакта потемнеет, приобретая зеленоватый, сине-фиолетовый или даже черно-коричневый оттенок. Это происходит из-за окислительных реакций на аноде. На положительном электроде происходит окисление анионов, присутствующих в клеточном соке (например, хлорид-ионов $Cl^-$), или молекул воды:</p><p>$2Cl^- - 2e^- \rightarrow Cl_2$</p><p>Образующийся хлор является сильным окислителем. Он реагирует с иодид-ионами, которые в небольшом количестве всегда содержатся в картофеле, с образованием свободного йода ($I_2$). Йод, в свою очередь, является качественным реактивом на крахмал, которым богат картофель. Реакция йода с крахмалом и дает характерное темное окрашивание. Также потемнение может быть вызвано окислением самого материала электрода или органических веществ в кислой среде, которая образуется у анода.</p><p><strong>У отрицательного полюса (катода):</strong> В месте контакта с отрицательным полюсом, как правило, не происходит заметных изменений цвета. Иногда можно наблюдать незначительное вспенивание или появление мелких пузырьков. Это выделяется газообразный водород в результате процесса восстановления молекул воды на катоде:</p><p>$2H_2O + 2e^- \rightarrow H_2\uparrow + 2OH^-$</p><p>Образующиеся гидроксид-ионы ($OH^-$) создают щелочную среду, но она обычно не вызывает видимых цветовых изменений на срезе картофеля.</p><p>Таким образом, эксперимент наглядно демонстрирует химическое действие электрического тока. Появление темного пятна позволяет однозначно определить положительный полюс батарейки.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Через несколько минут после приложения контактов батарейки к срезу картофеля можно наблюдать, что вокруг одного из контактов (положительного полюса) срез потемнеет и окрасится в сине-зеленый или черно-коричневый цвет. Это происходит из-за химических реакций (электролиза), в результате которых образуются вещества, реагирующие с крахмалом в картофеле. Вокруг другого контакта (отрицательного полюса) заметных изменений цвета не произойдет, возможно лишь небольшое выделение пузырьков газа (водорода).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599189" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "599187" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 991501 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/page-137" "field_display_title" => "137" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "137" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1132 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 …2} "field_publication_number" => "3" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => "с градусником" "field_publication_year" => "2023" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => null "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "706" "field_priority" => "2" "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_08/Peryshkin-u23/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-102555-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 51 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_city" => 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+timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1536 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 599184 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/37-1-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1584 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1566 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1569 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1568 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1527 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1517 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 599184 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "137" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/fizika/peryshkin-uchebnik/37-1-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1584 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1566 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection 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№1 (с. 137)
Условие. №1 (с. 137)
скриншот условия
1. Возьмите батарейку: «плоскую» или «Крона». Приложите контакты батарейки к свежему срезу картофеля (рис. 88). Через несколько минут рассмотрите следы от контактов на картофеле. Опишите наблюдаемую картину.
Решение 1. №1 (с. 137)
Решение 3. №1 (с. 137)
Решение 4. №1 (с. 137)
При прикладывании контактов батарейки к свежему срезу картофеля наблюдается картина, являющаяся следствием химического действия электрического тока. Картофельный сок, содержащий воду и растворенные в ней минеральные соли (например, хлорид калия $KCl$), выступает в роли электролита. При замыкании электрической цепи через картофель начинает протекать постоянный электрический ток, вызывая на контактах-электродах реакции электролиза.
Наблюдаемая картина:
Через несколько минут можно будет заметить, что срез картофеля изменил свой цвет вокруг одного из контактов, в то время как область вокруг другого контакта осталась практически без изменений.
У положительного полюса (анода): Область картофеля в месте контакта потемнеет, приобретая зеленоватый, сине-фиолетовый или даже черно-коричневый оттенок. Это происходит из-за окислительных реакций на аноде. На положительном электроде происходит окисление анионов, присутствующих в клеточном соке (например, хлорид-ионов $Cl^-$), или молекул воды:
$2Cl^- - 2e^- \rightarrow Cl_2$
Образующийся хлор является сильным окислителем. Он реагирует с иодид-ионами, которые в небольшом количестве всегда содержатся в картофеле, с образованием свободного йода ($I_2$). Йод, в свою очередь, является качественным реактивом на крахмал, которым богат картофель. Реакция йода с крахмалом и дает характерное темное окрашивание. Также потемнение может быть вызвано окислением самого материала электрода или органических веществ в кислой среде, которая образуется у анода.
У отрицательного полюса (катода): В месте контакта с отрицательным полюсом, как правило, не происходит заметных изменений цвета. Иногда можно наблюдать незначительное вспенивание или появление мелких пузырьков. Это выделяется газообразный водород в результате процесса восстановления молекул воды на катоде:
$2H_2O + 2e^- \rightarrow H_2\uparrow + 2OH^-$
Образующиеся гидроксид-ионы ($OH^-$) создают щелочную среду, но она обычно не вызывает видимых цветовых изменений на срезе картофеля.
Таким образом, эксперимент наглядно демонстрирует химическое действие электрического тока. Появление темного пятна позволяет однозначно определить положительный полюс батарейки.
Ответ: Через несколько минут после приложения контактов батарейки к срезу картофеля можно наблюдать, что вокруг одного из контактов (положительного полюса) срез потемнеет и окрасится в сине-зеленый или черно-коричневый цвет. Это происходит из-за химических реакций (электролиза), в результате которых образуются вещества, реагирующие с крахмалом в картофеле. Вокруг другого контакта (отрицательного полюса) заметных изменений цвета не произойдет, возможно лишь небольшое выделение пузырьков газа (водорода).
Другие задания:
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