Страница 196 - гдз по географии 8 класс учебник Алексеев, Низовцев

География, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Алексеев Александр Иванович, Низовцев Вячеслав Алексеевич, Ким Эльвира Васильевна, Кузнецова Галина Юрьевна, Лисенкова Галина Яковлевна, Сиротин Владимир Иванович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2023, белого цвета

Авторы: Алексеев А. И., Низовцев В. А., Ким Э. В., Кузнецова Г. Ю., Лисенкова Г. Я., Сиротин В. И.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2023 - 2026

Цвет обложки: белый

ISBN: 978-5-09-104913-8

Cтраница 196

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            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1032
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                  +incrementing: false
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
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                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                }
              ]
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            ]
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            "id" => 1760
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            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#302}
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#997}
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1003}
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1006}
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1013}
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014}
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016}
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018}
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1020}
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021}
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022}
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023}
            "field_publication_number" => "11"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025}
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027}
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2023"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание"
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            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "450"
            "field_priority" => "19"
            "field_default_folder" => "/geografiya_08/alekseeva-ud23/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-104913-8"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/geografiya_08/alekseeva-ud23/covers/cover1.webp"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/geografiya_08/alekseeva-ud23/covers/cover1.webp"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1200"
                "height" => "1588"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => null
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028}
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1029}
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030}
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
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            0 => "*"
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    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034
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        0 => App\Models\Element {#1035
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1037
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                }
              ]
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            }
            "book_page" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "196-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1733"
                "height" => 2506
                "path" => "/media/geografiya_08/alekseeva-ud23/0-1/196-1.webp"
              ]
            ]
          ]
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036}
            "book_page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
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            ]
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              0 => array:5 [
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                "height" => 2506
                "path" => "/media/geografiya_08/alekseeva-ud23/0-1/196-1.webp"
              ]
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            0 => "*"
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      ]
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    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5883
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        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5832
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          #attributes: array:21 [
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            "field_display_title" => "197"
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            "field_image_name" => "197"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5835
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5833
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#5836
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #attributes: array:50 [ …50]
                  #original: array:50 [ …50]
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                }
              ]
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5870
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            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5871
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#5872
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
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                  +incrementing: true
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987212"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5880
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:21 [
            "id" => 987211
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/page-197"
            "field_display_title" => "197"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "197"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5835}
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5833}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5870}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5871}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987212"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
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            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5880}
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5834
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5731
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
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          #attributes: array:21 [
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            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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            "field_display_title" => "195"
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            "field_image_name" => "195"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5726
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5734
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#5733
                  #connection: "mysql"
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              #items: []
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            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5769
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#5770
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
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            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987208"
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5778
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#5779
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5734}
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5768}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5769}
            "next" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
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              "type" => "book_page"
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            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5778}
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          ]
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043
      #items: array:6 [
        0 => App\Models\Task {#1044
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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            "id" => 637080
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                }
              ]
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              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1049
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054
              #items: array:4 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1059
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1064
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                3 => App\Models\Branch {#1077
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:23 [ …23]
                  #original: array:23 [ …23]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1086
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1088
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637081"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637079"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#998}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 637080
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-2"
            "field_display_title" => "2"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637081"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637079"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Task {#1097
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 637081
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101
              #items: array:4 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1059}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1064}
                3 => App\Models\Branch {#1077}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1103
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1105
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637082"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637080"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#998}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 637081
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-3"
            "field_display_title" => "3"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637082"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637080"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Task {#1108
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 637082
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
              #items: array:4 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1059}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1064}
                3 => App\Models\Branch {#1077}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1114
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1116
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637083"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637081"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#998}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 637082
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-4"
            "field_display_title" => "4"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1109}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1113}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637083"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637081"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        3 => App\Models\Task {#1119
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 637083
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123
              #items: array:4 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1059}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1064}
                3 => App\Models\Branch {#1077}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1125
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1127
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637084"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637082"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#998}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 637083
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-5"
            "field_display_title" => "5"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637084"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637082"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        4 => App\Models\Task {#1130
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 637084
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-6"
            "field_display_title" => "6"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1046}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
              #items: array:4 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1059}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1064}
                3 => App\Models\Branch {#1077}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1136
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1138
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637085"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637083"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#998}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 637084
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-vop-6"
            "field_display_title" => "6"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637085"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637083"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        5 => App\Models\Task {#1141
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "tasks"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 637085
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-pr-1"
            "field_display_title" => "Проектная работа"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145
              #items: array:4 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1055}
                1 => App\Models\Branch {#1059}
                2 => App\Models\Branch {#1064}
                3 => App\Models\Branch {#1077}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
              #items: array:2 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1147
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
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                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Element {#1149
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637086"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637084"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#998}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 637085
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "196"
            "field_page_end" => null
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/30-pr-1"
            "field_display_title" => "Проектная работа"
            "field_outside_task" => null
            "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_match" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => []
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143}
            "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
            "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145}
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637086"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "637084"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151}
            "page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "987210"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
          ]
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
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  ]
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    "id" => 987210
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    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "196"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/geografiya/alekseev-uchebnik/page-196"
    "field_display_title" => "196"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "196"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#304}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1001}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034}
    "next" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "987211"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "987209"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043}
  ]
  #changes: []
  #casts: []
  #classCastCache: []
  #attributeCastCache: []
  #dateFormat: null
  #appends: []
  #dispatchesEvents: []
  #observables: []
  #relations: []
  #touches: []
  +timestamps: true
  +usesUniqueIds: false
  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
  #fillable: []
  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
География, 8 класс Учебник, авторы: Алексеев Александр Иванович, Низовцев Вячеслав Алексеевич, Ким Эльвира Васильевна, Кузнецова Галина Юрьевна, Лисенкова Галина Яковлевна, Сиротин Владимир Иванович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2023, белого цвета, страница 196
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