gdz.top
Номер 2, страница 83 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис
Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2022
ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 2. Кислород. Горение. Параграф 24. Применение кислорода. Круговорот кислорода в природе. Подумай, ответь, выполни... - номер 2, страница 83.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367447 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1064 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1071 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null …4 ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1079} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117} "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1120 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Применение кислорода. Круговорот кислорода в природе" "field_branch_order" => "24" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "81" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1045} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Применение кислорода. Круговорот кислорода в природе" "field_branch_order" => "24" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_page_start" => "81" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "81" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Применение кислорода. Круговорот кислорода в природе" "field_branch_order" => "24" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "81" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367175 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Применение кислорода. Круговорот кислорода в природе" "field_branch_order" => "24" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_page_start" => "81" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367176 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_page_start" => "81" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1098 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1579780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367447" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Что делается в вашей местности для поддержания определенного уровня кислорода в воздухе? В чём может заключаться ваше участие в этой деятельности?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "780" "height" => 121 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-24-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414610" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1579780 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367447" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Что делается в вашей местности для поддержания определенного уровня кислорода в воздухе? В чём может заключаться ваше участие в этой деятельности?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "780" "height" => 121 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-24-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414610" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1091 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1579874 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1088 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4500 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ларикова" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4500 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ларикова" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367447" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2145" "height" => 246 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/1-24-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414629" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1579874 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367447" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2145" "height" => 246 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/1-24-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414629" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1740166 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1082 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367447" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Что делается в вашей местности для поддержания определенного уровня кислорода в воздухе?</strong></p><p>Поддержание необходимого уровня кислорода в атмосфере является комплексной задачей, решаемой на местном, региональном и государственном уровнях. Основным источником кислорода на Земле являются зелёные растения (деревья, кустарники, травы) и фитопланктон в океане, которые в процессе фотосинтеза преобразуют углекислый газ в кислород. Общее уравнение фотосинтеза выглядит так: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{свет, хлорофилл} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$. Таким образом, ключевые меры по поддержанию уровня кислорода направлены на сохранение и увеличение количества зелёных насаждений, а также на снижение выбросов загрязняющих веществ и потребления кислорода промышленностью и транспортом.</p><p>В большинстве населённых пунктов для этого реализуются следующие меры:<br>1. <em>Озеленение территорий.</em> Проводятся программы по высадке деревьев и кустарников, созданию новых парков, скверов, зелёных зон и защитных лесополос вдоль автомобильных дорог и вокруг промышленных объектов. Это самый прямой способ увеличить производство кислорода в городской среде.<br>2. <em>Защита существующих экосистем.</em> Устанавливаются режимы особой охраны для лесопарков, пригородных лесов и других природных территорий. Вводятся строгие законодательные ограничения на вырубку деревьев и застройку зелёных зон.<br>3. <em>Экологический контроль промышленных предприятий.</em> Вводятся строгие нормативы на выбросы загрязняющих веществ. Предприятия обязаны устанавливать современные системы очистки газов, что снижает загрязнение воздуха веществами, которые угнетают растения и потребляют кислород в ходе атмосферных химических реакций.<br>4. <em>Модернизация транспортной системы.</em> Развивается общественный транспорт (включая электротранспорт — трамваи, троллейбусы, электробусы), создаётся инфраструктура для велосипедного движения. Это помогает снизить количество личных автомобилей с двигателями внутреннего сгорания, которые являются крупными потребителями кислорода и источниками загрязнения воздуха.<br>5. <em>Экологическое просвещение и вовлечение граждан.</em> Организуются образовательные программы, лекции и общественные акции (например, субботники по посадке деревьев), направленные на повышение экологической грамотности населения и поощрение бережного отношения к природе.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Для поддержания уровня кислорода в воздухе в моей местности проводятся мероприятия по озеленению городов и посёлков, защите существующих лесов и парков, внедрению экологических стандартов на промышленных предприятиях, развитию общественного и экологически чистого транспорта, а также ведётся просветительская работа с населением.</p><p><strong>В чём может заключаться ваше участие в этой деятельности?</strong></p><p>Личный вклад каждого человека в сохранение чистоты воздуха и поддержание уровня кислорода очень важен. Ваше участие может заключаться в простых, но эффективных повседневных действиях:<br>1. <em>Участие в озеленении.</em> Вы можете посадить дерево или кустарник у себя во дворе, на дачном участке. Также можно присоединиться к общественным акциям по высадке деревьев, которые часто организуются местными властями или волонтёрскими организациями.<br>2. <em>Бережное отношение к растениям.</em> Важно не только сажать новые деревья, но и заботиться о существующих: не ломать ветви, не повреждать кору, не вытаптывать газоны и клумбы, убирать мусор в парках и лесах.<br>3. <em>Рациональное использование транспорта.</em> Старайтесь чаще ходить пешком, пользоваться велосипедом или общественным транспортом вместо личного автомобиля. Это напрямую снижает выбросы выхлопных газов и потребление кислорода.<br>4. <em>Энергосбережение.</em> Экономьте электроэнергию дома и на работе. Большая часть электроэнергии вырабатывается на ТЭЦ путём сжигания ископаемого топлива, что требует огромного количества кислорода и приводит к выбросам углекислого газа.<br>5. <em>Ответственное потребление и утилизация отходов.</em> Сортируйте бытовые отходы и сдавайте вторсырьё (бумагу, пластик, стекло, металл) на переработку. Это снижает нагрузку на промышленность, экономит ресурсы и уменьшает загрязнение от свалок и мусоросжигательных заводов.<br>6. <em>Информационная поддержка и активная позиция.</em> Рассказывайте друзьям и семье о важности экологических проблем. Поддерживайте местные экологические инициативы, участвуйте в общественных слушаниях по вопросам градостроительства и экологии.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Моё личное участие может заключаться в посадке деревьев, бережном отношении к природе, использовании экологичных видов транспорта, экономии энергии, сортировке мусора для переработки, а также в поддержке и распространении экологических знаний и инициатив.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1740166 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367447" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Что делается в вашей местности для поддержания определенного уровня кислорода в воздухе?</strong></p><p>Поддержание необходимого уровня кислорода в атмосфере является комплексной задачей, решаемой на местном, региональном и государственном уровнях. Основным источником кислорода на Земле являются зелёные растения (деревья, кустарники, травы) и фитопланктон в океане, которые в процессе фотосинтеза преобразуют углекислый газ в кислород. Общее уравнение фотосинтеза выглядит так: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{свет, хлорофилл} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$. Таким образом, ключевые меры по поддержанию уровня кислорода направлены на сохранение и увеличение количества зелёных насаждений, а также на снижение выбросов загрязняющих веществ и потребления кислорода промышленностью и транспортом.</p><p>В большинстве населённых пунктов для этого реализуются следующие меры:<br>1. <em>Озеленение территорий.</em> Проводятся программы по высадке деревьев и кустарников, созданию новых парков, скверов, зелёных зон и защитных лесополос вдоль автомобильных дорог и вокруг промышленных объектов. Это самый прямой способ увеличить производство кислорода в городской среде.<br>2. <em>Защита существующих экосистем.</em> Устанавливаются режимы особой охраны для лесопарков, пригородных лесов и других природных территорий. Вводятся строгие законодательные ограничения на вырубку деревьев и застройку зелёных зон.<br>3. <em>Экологический контроль промышленных предприятий.</em> Вводятся строгие нормативы на выбросы загрязняющих веществ. Предприятия обязаны устанавливать современные системы очистки газов, что снижает загрязнение воздуха веществами, которые угнетают растения и потребляют кислород в ходе атмосферных химических реакций.<br>4. <em>Модернизация транспортной системы.</em> Развивается общественный транспорт (включая электротранспорт — трамваи, троллейбусы, электробусы), создаётся инфраструктура для велосипедного движения. Это помогает снизить количество личных автомобилей с двигателями внутреннего сгорания, которые являются крупными потребителями кислорода и источниками загрязнения воздуха.<br>5. <em>Экологическое просвещение и вовлечение граждан.</em> Организуются образовательные программы, лекции и общественные акции (например, субботники по посадке деревьев), направленные на повышение экологической грамотности населения и поощрение бережного отношения к природе.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Для поддержания уровня кислорода в воздухе в моей местности проводятся мероприятия по озеленению городов и посёлков, защите существующих лесов и парков, внедрению экологических стандартов на промышленных предприятиях, развитию общественного и экологически чистого транспорта, а также ведётся просветительская работа с населением.</p><p><strong>В чём может заключаться ваше участие в этой деятельности?</strong></p><p>Личный вклад каждого человека в сохранение чистоты воздуха и поддержание уровня кислорода очень важен. Ваше участие может заключаться в простых, но эффективных повседневных действиях:<br>1. <em>Участие в озеленении.</em> Вы можете посадить дерево или кустарник у себя во дворе, на дачном участке. Также можно присоединиться к общественным акциям по высадке деревьев, которые часто организуются местными властями или волонтёрскими организациями.<br>2. <em>Бережное отношение к растениям.</em> Важно не только сажать новые деревья, но и заботиться о существующих: не ломать ветви, не повреждать кору, не вытаптывать газоны и клумбы, убирать мусор в парках и лесах.<br>3. <em>Рациональное использование транспорта.</em> Старайтесь чаще ходить пешком, пользоваться велосипедом или общественным транспортом вместо личного автомобиля. Это напрямую снижает выбросы выхлопных газов и потребление кислорода.<br>4. <em>Энергосбережение.</em> Экономьте электроэнергию дома и на работе. Большая часть электроэнергии вырабатывается на ТЭЦ путём сжигания ископаемого топлива, что требует огромного количества кислорода и приводит к выбросам углекислого газа.<br>5. <em>Ответственное потребление и утилизация отходов.</em> Сортируйте бытовые отходы и сдавайте вторсырьё (бумагу, пластик, стекло, металл) на переработку. Это снижает нагрузку на промышленность, экономит ресурсы и уменьшает загрязнение от свалок и мусоросжигательных заводов.<br>6. <em>Информационная поддержка и активная позиция.</em> Рассказывайте друзьям и семье о важности экологических проблем. Поддерживайте местные экологические инициативы, участвуйте в общественных слушаниях по вопросам градостроительства и экологии.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Моё личное участие может заключаться в посадке деревьев, бережном отношении к природе, использовании экологичных видов транспорта, экономии энергии, сортировке мусора для переработки, а также в поддержке и распространении экологических знаний и инициатив.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367448" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367446" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368074 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-83" "field_display_title" => "83" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "83" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1049} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1130 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580380 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580380 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368075" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368073" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1230 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367446 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367446 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1231 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1233 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1236 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367447 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367447 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1235 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1239 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367448 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367448 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1252 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1255 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1257 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367449 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367449 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1278 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1262 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367450 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367450 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1259 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1279 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1276 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367451 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1369 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1362 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1360 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367451 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1293 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1369 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1362 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1360 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1330 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367452 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-4-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1376 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1361 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1359 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1366 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1367 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1347 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367452 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-4-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1376 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1361 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1359 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1366 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1367 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1347 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368074 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-83" "field_display_title" => "83" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "83" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1107} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368075" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368073" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367447 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "83" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/24-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367448" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367446" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368074" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2 (с. 83)
Условие. №2 (с. 83)
скриншот условия
2. Что делается в вашей местности для поддержания определенного уровня кислорода в воздухе? В чём может заключаться ваше участие в этой деятельности?
Решение. №2 (с. 83)
Решение 2. №2 (с. 83)
Что делается в вашей местности для поддержания определенного уровня кислорода в воздухе?
Поддержание необходимого уровня кислорода в атмосфере является комплексной задачей, решаемой на местном, региональном и государственном уровнях. Основным источником кислорода на Земле являются зелёные растения (деревья, кустарники, травы) и фитопланктон в океане, которые в процессе фотосинтеза преобразуют углекислый газ в кислород. Общее уравнение фотосинтеза выглядит так: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{свет, хлорофилл} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$. Таким образом, ключевые меры по поддержанию уровня кислорода направлены на сохранение и увеличение количества зелёных насаждений, а также на снижение выбросов загрязняющих веществ и потребления кислорода промышленностью и транспортом.
В большинстве населённых пунктов для этого реализуются следующие меры:
1. Озеленение территорий. Проводятся программы по высадке деревьев и кустарников, созданию новых парков, скверов, зелёных зон и защитных лесополос вдоль автомобильных дорог и вокруг промышленных объектов. Это самый прямой способ увеличить производство кислорода в городской среде.
2. Защита существующих экосистем. Устанавливаются режимы особой охраны для лесопарков, пригородных лесов и других природных территорий. Вводятся строгие законодательные ограничения на вырубку деревьев и застройку зелёных зон.
3. Экологический контроль промышленных предприятий. Вводятся строгие нормативы на выбросы загрязняющих веществ. Предприятия обязаны устанавливать современные системы очистки газов, что снижает загрязнение воздуха веществами, которые угнетают растения и потребляют кислород в ходе атмосферных химических реакций.
4. Модернизация транспортной системы. Развивается общественный транспорт (включая электротранспорт — трамваи, троллейбусы, электробусы), создаётся инфраструктура для велосипедного движения. Это помогает снизить количество личных автомобилей с двигателями внутреннего сгорания, которые являются крупными потребителями кислорода и источниками загрязнения воздуха.
5. Экологическое просвещение и вовлечение граждан. Организуются образовательные программы, лекции и общественные акции (например, субботники по посадке деревьев), направленные на повышение экологической грамотности населения и поощрение бережного отношения к природе.
Ответ: Для поддержания уровня кислорода в воздухе в моей местности проводятся мероприятия по озеленению городов и посёлков, защите существующих лесов и парков, внедрению экологических стандартов на промышленных предприятиях, развитию общественного и экологически чистого транспорта, а также ведётся просветительская работа с населением.
В чём может заключаться ваше участие в этой деятельности?
Личный вклад каждого человека в сохранение чистоты воздуха и поддержание уровня кислорода очень важен. Ваше участие может заключаться в простых, но эффективных повседневных действиях:
1. Участие в озеленении. Вы можете посадить дерево или кустарник у себя во дворе, на дачном участке. Также можно присоединиться к общественным акциям по высадке деревьев, которые часто организуются местными властями или волонтёрскими организациями.
2. Бережное отношение к растениям. Важно не только сажать новые деревья, но и заботиться о существующих: не ломать ветви, не повреждать кору, не вытаптывать газоны и клумбы, убирать мусор в парках и лесах.
3. Рациональное использование транспорта. Старайтесь чаще ходить пешком, пользоваться велосипедом или общественным транспортом вместо личного автомобиля. Это напрямую снижает выбросы выхлопных газов и потребление кислорода.
4. Энергосбережение. Экономьте электроэнергию дома и на работе. Большая часть электроэнергии вырабатывается на ТЭЦ путём сжигания ископаемого топлива, что требует огромного количества кислорода и приводит к выбросам углекислого газа.
5. Ответственное потребление и утилизация отходов. Сортируйте бытовые отходы и сдавайте вторсырьё (бумагу, пластик, стекло, металл) на переработку. Это снижает нагрузку на промышленность, экономит ресурсы и уменьшает загрязнение от свалок и мусоросжигательных заводов.
6. Информационная поддержка и активная позиция. Рассказывайте друзьям и семье о важности экологических проблем. Поддерживайте местные экологические инициативы, участвуйте в общественных слушаниях по вопросам градостроительства и экологии.
Ответ: Моё личное участие может заключаться в посадке деревьев, бережном отношении к природе, использовании экологичных видов транспорта, экономии энергии, сортировке мусора для переработки, а также в поддержке и распространении экологических знаний и инициатив.
Другие задания:
Помогло решение? Оставьте отзыв в комментариях ниже.
Присоединяйтесь к Телеграм-группе @top_gdz
ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по химии за 8 класс, для упражнения номер 2 расположенного на странице 83 к учебнику 2019 - 2022 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по химии к упражнению №2 (с. 83), автора: Рудзитис (Гунтис Екабович), ФГОС (старый) учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.