gdz.top
Номер 2, страница 135 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис
Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2022
ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 6. Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений. Параграф 40. Оксиды. Подумай, ответь, выполни... - номер 2, страница 135.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367559 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1124 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1126 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1129 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1131 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1133 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1138 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1140 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1147 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367218 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оксиды" "field_branch_order" => "40" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367218 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оксиды" "field_branch_order" => "40" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367219 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1163 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367218 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оксиды" "field_branch_order" => "40" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367218 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Оксиды" "field_branch_order" => "40" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367219 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1097 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1580010 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1094 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367559" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Составьте уравнения реакций, схемы которых даны ниже:</p><p><strong>а)</strong> $Li + ... \rightarrow Li_2O$</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $Ca + ... \rightarrow CaO$</p><p><strong>в)</strong> $C + ... \rightarrow CO_2$</p><p><strong>г)</strong> $Al + ... \rightarrow Al_2O_3$</p><p><strong>д)</strong> $PH_3 + ... \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$</p><p><strong>е)</strong> $Li_2O + ... \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$</p><p><strong>ж)</strong> $CuO + ... \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$</p><p><strong>з)</strong> $Li_2O + ... \rightarrow LiOH$</p><p><strong>и)</strong> $P_2O_5 + ... \rightarrow H_3PO_4$</p><p><strong>к)</strong> $SO_3 + ... \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + ...$</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "757" "height" => 242 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-40-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414649" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1580010 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367559" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>2.</strong> Составьте уравнения реакций, схемы которых даны ниже:</p><p><strong>а)</strong> $Li + ... \rightarrow Li_2O$</p><p><strong>б)</strong> $Ca + ... \rightarrow CaO$</p><p><strong>в)</strong> $C + ... \rightarrow CO_2$</p><p><strong>г)</strong> $Al + ... \rightarrow Al_2O_3$</p><p><strong>д)</strong> $PH_3 + ... \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$</p><p><strong>е)</strong> $Li_2O + ... \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$</p><p><strong>ж)</strong> $CuO + ... \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$</p><p><strong>з)</strong> $Li_2O + ... \rightarrow LiOH$</p><p><strong>и)</strong> $P_2O_5 + ... \rightarrow H_3PO_4$</p><p><strong>к)</strong> $SO_3 + ... \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + ...$</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "757" "height" => 242 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-40-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414649" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1090 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580084 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1087 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4500 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ларикова" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4500 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ларикова" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367559" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1004" "height" => 776 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/1-40-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414670" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580084 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367559" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "2-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1004" "height" => 776 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/1-40-3/2-1.webp?ts=1757414670" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1740278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1081 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367559" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> Для получения оксида лития $Li_2O$ необходимо провести реакцию лития $\text{Li}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Сначала запишем схему реакции: $Li + O_2 \rightarrow Li_2O$. Для того чтобы уравнять количество атомов кислорода, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $Li_2O$. Получим: $Li + O_2 \rightarrow 2Li_2O$. Теперь справа 4 атома лития, а слева 1. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $\text{Li}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $4Li + O_2 \rightarrow 2Li_2O$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Оксид кальция $CaO$ образуется при реакции кальция $\text{Ca}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Схема реакции: $Ca + O_2 \rightarrow CaO$. Уравняем количество атомов кислорода, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $CaO$: $Ca + O_2 \rightarrow 2CaO$. Теперь справа 2 атома кальция, а слева 1. Поставим коэффициент 2 перед $\text{Ca}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $2Ca + O_2 \rightarrow 2CaO$.</p><p><strong>в)</strong> Диоксид углерода $CO_2$ образуется при сгорании углерода $\text{C}$ в кислороде $O_2$. В данной реакции количество атомов каждого элемента в левой и правой частях уравнения одинаково, поэтому коэффициенты не требуются.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2$.</p><p><strong>г)</strong> Оксид алюминия $Al_2O_3$ образуется при реакции алюминия $\text{Al}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Схема реакции: $Al + O_2 \rightarrow Al_2O_3$. Уравняем количество атомов кислорода. Наименьшее общее кратное для 2 (в $O_2$) и 3 (в $Al_2O_3$) равно 6. Поставим коэффициент 3 перед $O_2$ и 2 перед $Al_2O_3$: $Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3$. Теперь справа 4 атома алюминия. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $\text{Al}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $4Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3$.</p><p><strong>д)</strong> Данная реакция — горение фосфина $PH_3$ в кислороде $O_2$ с образованием оксида фосфора(V) $P_2O_5$ и воды $H_2O$. Схема реакции: $PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$. Уравняем фосфор, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $PH_3$: $2PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$. Теперь слева 6 атомов водорода. Уравняем их, поставив коэффициент 3 перед $H_2O$: $2PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + 3H_2O$. Посчитаем кислород справа: 5 в $P_2O_5$ и 3 в $3H_2O$, всего 8. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $O_2$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $2PH_3 + 4O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + 3H_2O$.</p><p><strong>е)</strong> Оксид лития $Li_2O$ — основный оксид, который реагирует с кислотами. Продукты реакции — соль нитрат лития $LiNO_3$ и вода. Это указывает на то, что в реакцию вступает азотная кислота $HNO_3$. Схема реакции: $Li_2O + HNO_3 \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$. Уравняем литий, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $LiNO_3$: $Li_2O + HNO_3 \rightarrow 2LiNO_3 + H_2O$. Теперь справа 2 нитрат-иона, значит, нужно 2 молекулы $HNO_3$. Поставим коэффициент 2 перед $HNO_3$. Проверка показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $Li_2O + 2HNO_3 \rightarrow 2LiNO_3 + H_2O$.</p><p><strong>ж)</strong> Оксид меди(II) $CuO$ — основный оксид. Продукты реакции — соль хлорид меди(II) $CuCl_2$ и вода, что указывает на реакцию с соляной (хлороводородной) кислотой $HCl$. Схема реакции: $CuO + HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$. Справа 2 атома хлора, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $HCl$. Уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$.</p><p><strong>з)</strong> Оксид лития $Li_2O$ — оксид щелочного металла. Такие оксиды реагируют с водой $H_2O$ с образованием соответствующего гидроксида (щёлочи) — гидроксида лития $LiOH$. Схема реакции: $Li_2O + H_2O \rightarrow LiOH$. Слева 2 атома лития, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $LiOH$. Уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $Li_2O + H_2O \rightarrow 2LiOH$.</p><p><strong>и)</strong> Оксид фосфора(V) $P_2O_5$ — кислотный оксид, который реагирует с водой $H_2O$ с образованием соответствующей кислоты — ортофосфорной $H_3PO_4$. Схема реакции: $P_2O_5 + H_2O \rightarrow H_3PO_4$. Слева 2 атома фосфора, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $H_3PO_4$: $P_2O_5 + H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_4$. Теперь справа 6 атомов водорода ($2 \times 3 = 6$). Поставим коэффициент 3 перед $H_2O$. Проверка по кислороду ($5+3=8$ слева, $2 \times 4 = 8$ справа) показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_4$.</p><p><strong>к)</strong> Оксид серы(VI) $SO_3$ — кислотный оксид. В продуктах реакции соль сульфат натрия $Na_2SO_4$. Это реакция нейтрализации кислотного оксида основанием. Основанием является гидроксид натрия $NaOH$. Вторым продуктом реакции будет вода $H_2O$. Схема реакции: $SO_3 + NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$. Справа 2 атома натрия, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $NaOH$. Проверка показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $SO_3 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1740278 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367559" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> Для получения оксида лития $Li_2O$ необходимо провести реакцию лития $\text{Li}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Сначала запишем схему реакции: $Li + O_2 \rightarrow Li_2O$. Для того чтобы уравнять количество атомов кислорода, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $Li_2O$. Получим: $Li + O_2 \rightarrow 2Li_2O$. Теперь справа 4 атома лития, а слева 1. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $\text{Li}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $4Li + O_2 \rightarrow 2Li_2O$.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Оксид кальция $CaO$ образуется при реакции кальция $\text{Ca}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Схема реакции: $Ca + O_2 \rightarrow CaO$. Уравняем количество атомов кислорода, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $CaO$: $Ca + O_2 \rightarrow 2CaO$. Теперь справа 2 атома кальция, а слева 1. Поставим коэффициент 2 перед $\text{Ca}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $2Ca + O_2 \rightarrow 2CaO$.</p><p><strong>в)</strong> Диоксид углерода $CO_2$ образуется при сгорании углерода $\text{C}$ в кислороде $O_2$. В данной реакции количество атомов каждого элемента в левой и правой частях уравнения одинаково, поэтому коэффициенты не требуются.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2$.</p><p><strong>г)</strong> Оксид алюминия $Al_2O_3$ образуется при реакции алюминия $\text{Al}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Схема реакции: $Al + O_2 \rightarrow Al_2O_3$. Уравняем количество атомов кислорода. Наименьшее общее кратное для 2 (в $O_2$) и 3 (в $Al_2O_3$) равно 6. Поставим коэффициент 3 перед $O_2$ и 2 перед $Al_2O_3$: $Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3$. Теперь справа 4 атома алюминия. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $\text{Al}$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $4Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3$.</p><p><strong>д)</strong> Данная реакция — горение фосфина $PH_3$ в кислороде $O_2$ с образованием оксида фосфора(V) $P_2O_5$ и воды $H_2O$. Схема реакции: $PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$. Уравняем фосфор, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $PH_3$: $2PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$. Теперь слева 6 атомов водорода. Уравняем их, поставив коэффициент 3 перед $H_2O$: $2PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + 3H_2O$. Посчитаем кислород справа: 5 в $P_2O_5$ и 3 в $3H_2O$, всего 8. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $O_2$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $2PH_3 + 4O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + 3H_2O$.</p><p><strong>е)</strong> Оксид лития $Li_2O$ — основный оксид, который реагирует с кислотами. Продукты реакции — соль нитрат лития $LiNO_3$ и вода. Это указывает на то, что в реакцию вступает азотная кислота $HNO_3$. Схема реакции: $Li_2O + HNO_3 \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$. Уравняем литий, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $LiNO_3$: $Li_2O + HNO_3 \rightarrow 2LiNO_3 + H_2O$. Теперь справа 2 нитрат-иона, значит, нужно 2 молекулы $HNO_3$. Поставим коэффициент 2 перед $HNO_3$. Проверка показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $Li_2O + 2HNO_3 \rightarrow 2LiNO_3 + H_2O$.</p><p><strong>ж)</strong> Оксид меди(II) $CuO$ — основный оксид. Продукты реакции — соль хлорид меди(II) $CuCl_2$ и вода, что указывает на реакцию с соляной (хлороводородной) кислотой $HCl$. Схема реакции: $CuO + HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$. Справа 2 атома хлора, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $HCl$. Уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$.</p><p><strong>з)</strong> Оксид лития $Li_2O$ — оксид щелочного металла. Такие оксиды реагируют с водой $H_2O$ с образованием соответствующего гидроксида (щёлочи) — гидроксида лития $LiOH$. Схема реакции: $Li_2O + H_2O \rightarrow LiOH$. Слева 2 атома лития, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $LiOH$. Уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $Li_2O + H_2O \rightarrow 2LiOH$.</p><p><strong>и)</strong> Оксид фосфора(V) $P_2O_5$ — кислотный оксид, который реагирует с водой $H_2O$ с образованием соответствующей кислоты — ортофосфорной $H_3PO_4$. Схема реакции: $P_2O_5 + H_2O \rightarrow H_3PO_4$. Слева 2 атома фосфора, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $H_3PO_4$: $P_2O_5 + H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_4$. Теперь справа 6 атомов водорода ($2 \times 3 = 6$). Поставим коэффициент 3 перед $H_2O$. Проверка по кислороду ($5+3=8$ слева, $2 \times 4 = 8$ справа) показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_4$.</p><p><strong>к)</strong> Оксид серы(VI) $SO_3$ — кислотный оксид. В продуктах реакции соль сульфат натрия $Na_2SO_4$. Это реакция нейтрализации кислотного оксида основанием. Основанием является гидроксид натрия $NaOH$. Вторым продуктом реакции будет вода $H_2O$. Схема реакции: $SO_3 + NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$. Справа 2 атома натрия, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $NaOH$. Проверка показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $SO_3 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367560" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367558" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-135" "field_display_title" => "135" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "135" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1118} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580432 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580432 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1159 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368140" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368137" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273 #items: array:7 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1287 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367558 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367558 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1288 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1289 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1290 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1291 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1300 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1293 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367559 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367559 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1292 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1299 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1301 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1297 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1295 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1298 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1296 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367560 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1312 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1321 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367560 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1309 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1310 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1312 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1321 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1314 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367561 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1320 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1322 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367561 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1320 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1322 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1318 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1319 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367562 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1336 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1331 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367562 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1336 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1331 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1349 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#1333 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367563 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1346 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1345 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1363 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367563 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1348 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1350 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1346 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1345 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1363 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#1347 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367564 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-7" "field_display_title" => "7" …17 ] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368138 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-135" "field_display_title" => "135" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "135" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368140" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368137" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1273} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367559 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "135" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/40-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367560" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367558" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368138" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№2 (с. 135)
Условие. №2 (с. 135)
скриншот условия
2. Составьте уравнения реакций, схемы которых даны ниже:
а) $Li + ... \rightarrow Li_2O$
б) $Ca + ... \rightarrow CaO$
в) $C + ... \rightarrow CO_2$
г) $Al + ... \rightarrow Al_2O_3$
д) $PH_3 + ... \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$
е) $Li_2O + ... \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$
ж) $CuO + ... \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$
з) $Li_2O + ... \rightarrow LiOH$
и) $P_2O_5 + ... \rightarrow H_3PO_4$
к) $SO_3 + ... \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + ...$
Решение. №2 (с. 135)
Решение 2. №2 (с. 135)
а) Для получения оксида лития $Li_2O$ необходимо провести реакцию лития $\text{Li}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Сначала запишем схему реакции: $Li + O_2 \rightarrow Li_2O$. Для того чтобы уравнять количество атомов кислорода, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $Li_2O$. Получим: $Li + O_2 \rightarrow 2Li_2O$. Теперь справа 4 атома лития, а слева 1. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $\text{Li}$.
Ответ: $4Li + O_2 \rightarrow 2Li_2O$.
б) Оксид кальция $CaO$ образуется при реакции кальция $\text{Ca}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Схема реакции: $Ca + O_2 \rightarrow CaO$. Уравняем количество атомов кислорода, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $CaO$: $Ca + O_2 \rightarrow 2CaO$. Теперь справа 2 атома кальция, а слева 1. Поставим коэффициент 2 перед $\text{Ca}$.
Ответ: $2Ca + O_2 \rightarrow 2CaO$.
в) Диоксид углерода $CO_2$ образуется при сгорании углерода $\text{C}$ в кислороде $O_2$. В данной реакции количество атомов каждого элемента в левой и правой частях уравнения одинаково, поэтому коэффициенты не требуются.
Ответ: $C + O_2 \rightarrow CO_2$.
г) Оксид алюминия $Al_2O_3$ образуется при реакции алюминия $\text{Al}$ с кислородом $O_2$. Схема реакции: $Al + O_2 \rightarrow Al_2O_3$. Уравняем количество атомов кислорода. Наименьшее общее кратное для 2 (в $O_2$) и 3 (в $Al_2O_3$) равно 6. Поставим коэффициент 3 перед $O_2$ и 2 перед $Al_2O_3$: $Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3$. Теперь справа 4 атома алюминия. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $\text{Al}$.
Ответ: $4Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3$.
д) Данная реакция — горение фосфина $PH_3$ в кислороде $O_2$ с образованием оксида фосфора(V) $P_2O_5$ и воды $H_2O$. Схема реакции: $PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$. Уравняем фосфор, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $PH_3$: $2PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + H_2O$. Теперь слева 6 атомов водорода. Уравняем их, поставив коэффициент 3 перед $H_2O$: $2PH_3 + O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + 3H_2O$. Посчитаем кислород справа: 5 в $P_2O_5$ и 3 в $3H_2O$, всего 8. Поставим коэффициент 4 перед $O_2$.
Ответ: $2PH_3 + 4O_2 \rightarrow P_2O_5 + 3H_2O$.
е) Оксид лития $Li_2O$ — основный оксид, который реагирует с кислотами. Продукты реакции — соль нитрат лития $LiNO_3$ и вода. Это указывает на то, что в реакцию вступает азотная кислота $HNO_3$. Схема реакции: $Li_2O + HNO_3 \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$. Уравняем литий, поставив коэффициент 2 перед $LiNO_3$: $Li_2O + HNO_3 \rightarrow 2LiNO_3 + H_2O$. Теперь справа 2 нитрат-иона, значит, нужно 2 молекулы $HNO_3$. Поставим коэффициент 2 перед $HNO_3$. Проверка показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.
Ответ: $Li_2O + 2HNO_3 \rightarrow 2LiNO_3 + H_2O$.
ж) Оксид меди(II) $CuO$ — основный оксид. Продукты реакции — соль хлорид меди(II) $CuCl_2$ и вода, что указывает на реакцию с соляной (хлороводородной) кислотой $HCl$. Схема реакции: $CuO + HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$. Справа 2 атома хлора, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $HCl$. Уравнение сбалансировано.
Ответ: $CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O$.
з) Оксид лития $Li_2O$ — оксид щелочного металла. Такие оксиды реагируют с водой $H_2O$ с образованием соответствующего гидроксида (щёлочи) — гидроксида лития $LiOH$. Схема реакции: $Li_2O + H_2O \rightarrow LiOH$. Слева 2 атома лития, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $LiOH$. Уравнение сбалансировано.
Ответ: $Li_2O + H_2O \rightarrow 2LiOH$.
и) Оксид фосфора(V) $P_2O_5$ — кислотный оксид, который реагирует с водой $H_2O$ с образованием соответствующей кислоты — ортофосфорной $H_3PO_4$. Схема реакции: $P_2O_5 + H_2O \rightarrow H_3PO_4$. Слева 2 атома фосфора, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $H_3PO_4$: $P_2O_5 + H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_4$. Теперь справа 6 атомов водорода ($2 \times 3 = 6$). Поставим коэффициент 3 перед $H_2O$. Проверка по кислороду ($5+3=8$ слева, $2 \times 4 = 8$ справа) показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.
Ответ: $P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 2H_3PO_4$.
к) Оксид серы(VI) $SO_3$ — кислотный оксид. В продуктах реакции соль сульфат натрия $Na_2SO_4$. Это реакция нейтрализации кислотного оксида основанием. Основанием является гидроксид натрия $NaOH$. Вторым продуктом реакции будет вода $H_2O$. Схема реакции: $SO_3 + NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$. Справа 2 атома натрия, поставим коэффициент 2 перед $NaOH$. Проверка показывает, что уравнение сбалансировано.
Ответ: $SO_3 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$.
Другие задания:
Помогло решение? Оставьте отзыв в комментариях ниже.
Присоединяйтесь к Телеграм-группе @top_gdz
ПрисоединитьсяМы подготовили для вас ответ c подробным объяснением домашего задания по химии за 8 класс, для упражнения номер 2 расположенного на странице 135 к учебнику 2019 - 2022 года издания для учащихся школ и гимназий.
Теперь на нашем сайте ГДЗ.ТОП вы всегда легко и бесплатно найдёте условие с правильным ответом на вопрос «Как решить ДЗ» и «Как сделать» задание по химии к упражнению №2 (с. 135), автора: Рудзитис (Гунтис Екабович), ФГОС (старый) учебного пособия издательства Просвещение.