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Лабораторный опыт, страница 147 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис
Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2022
ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Глава 6. Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений. Параграф 43. Амфотерные оксиды и гидроксиды. Подумай, ответь, выполни... - страница 147.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367589 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "147" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/43-2-1" "field_display_title" => "Лабораторный опыт" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1042 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1044 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1046 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1048 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1053 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1055 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1060 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1062 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1114 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Главу" "field_creative_case" => "Главой" "field_dative_case" => "Главе" "field_genitive_case" => "Главы" "field_nominative_case" => "Глава" "field_prepositional_case" => "Главе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1116 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1121 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1123 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1125 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1128 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1130 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1132 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1122} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367217 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Важнейшие классы неорганических соединений" "field_branch_order" => "6" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118} "field_page_start" => "131" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1146 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367226 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Амфотерные оксиды и гидроксиды" "field_branch_order" => "43" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1148 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "Параграф" "field_creative_case" => "Параграфом" "field_dative_case" => "Параграфу" "field_genitive_case" => "Параграфа" "field_nominative_case" => "Параграф" "field_prepositional_case" => "Параграфе" ] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "146" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367226 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Амфотерные оксиды и гидроксиды" "field_branch_order" => "43" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_page_start" => "146" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1149} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1152 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367227 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "146" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1162 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367226 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Амфотерные оксиды и гидроксиды" "field_branch_order" => "43" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1148} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "146" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367226 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Амфотерные оксиды и гидроксиды" "field_branch_order" => "43" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164} "field_page_start" => "146" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367227 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153} "field_page_start" => "146" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1096 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1580070 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1094 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367589" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Лабораторный опыт.</strong> Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с растворами кислот и щелочей</p><p><strong>1)</strong> Получите гидроксид цинка. Для этого в две пробирки налейте по 1 мл раствора с массовой долей $\text{NaOH}$ 5% и затем добавьте раствор сульфата цинка до выпадения белого осадка $\text{Zn(OH)}_2$.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> В одну пробирку с осадком гидроксида цинка прилейте серную или соляную кислоту. В другую пробирку добавьте избыток гидроксида натрия и встряхните.</p><p>🔵 Что происходит в каждой из пробирок?</p><p><strong>3)</strong> Для сравнения получите в двух пробирках гидроксид магния. К осадку в первой пробирке добавьте кислоту, а к осадку во второй — избыток щёлочи.</p><p>🔵 Напишите уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно получить: а) гидроксид цинка; б) гидроксид магния.</p><p>🔵 Напишите уравнения реакций гидроксида цинка: а) с соляной кислотой; б) с гидроксидом натрия.</p><p>🔵 Чем отличается по своим свойствам гидроксид цинка от гидроксида магния?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "771" "height" => 563 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-43-2/1-1.webp?ts=1757414658" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1580070 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367589" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Лабораторный опыт.</strong> Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с растворами кислот и щелочей</p><p><strong>1)</strong> Получите гидроксид цинка. Для этого в две пробирки налейте по 1 мл раствора с массовой долей $\text{NaOH}$ 5% и затем добавьте раствор сульфата цинка до выпадения белого осадка $\text{Zn(OH)}_2$.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> В одну пробирку с осадком гидроксида цинка прилейте серную или соляную кислоту. В другую пробирку добавьте избыток гидроксида натрия и встряхните.</p><p>🔵 Что происходит в каждой из пробирок?</p><p><strong>3)</strong> Для сравнения получите в двух пробирках гидроксид магния. К осадку в первой пробирке добавьте кислоту, а к осадку во второй — избыток щёлочи.</p><p>🔵 Напишите уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно получить: а) гидроксид цинка; б) гидроксид магния.</p><p>🔵 Напишите уравнения реакций гидроксида цинка: а) с соляной кислотой; б) с гидроксидом натрия.</p><p>🔵 Чем отличается по своим свойствам гидроксид цинка от гидроксида магния?</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "771" "height" => 563 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-43-2/1-1.webp?ts=1757414658" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1089 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580140 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1086 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4500 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1084 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ларикова" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4500 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Ларикова" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1083} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367589" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2037" "height" => 724 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/1-43-2/1-1.webp?ts=1757414682" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580140 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367589" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "1-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "2037" "height" => 724 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/1-43-2/1-1.webp?ts=1757414682" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1079 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1740308 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1080 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1078 …30} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6342 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367589" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Что происходит в каждой из пробирок?</strong></p><p>В первой пробирке, при добавлении кислоты (серной или соляной) к осадку гидроксида цинка, происходит реакция нейтрализации. Белый осадок $Zn(OH)_2$ растворяется, так как образуется растворимая соль цинка и вода.</p><p>Во второй пробирке, при добавлении избытка гидроксида натрия, осадок гидроксида цинка также растворяется. Это происходит потому, что гидроксид цинка является амфотерным, то есть он способен реагировать не только с кислотами, но и с сильными щелочами с образованием растворимого комплексного соединения — тетрагидроксоцинката натрия $Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В обеих пробирках белый осадок гидроксида цинка растворяется. В первой пробирке он вступает в реакцию с кислотой, а во второй — с избытком щёлочи.</p><p><strong>Напишите уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно получить: а) гидроксид цинка; б) гидроксид магния.</strong></p><p>Гидроксиды цинка и магния являются нерастворимыми основаниями, поэтому их получают реакцией обмена между растворимой солью соответствующего металла и щёлочью.</p><p>а) Получение гидроксида цинка взаимодействием сульфата цинка и гидроксида натрия:</p><p>$ZnSO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2\downarrow + Na_2SO_4$</p><p>б) Получение гидроксида магния взаимодействием, например, хлорида магния и гидроксида натрия:</p><p>$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2\downarrow + 2NaCl$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> а) $ZnSO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2\downarrow + Na_2SO_4$; б) $MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2\downarrow + 2NaCl$.</p><p><strong>Напишите уравнения реакций гидроксида цинка: а) с соляной кислотой; б) с гидроксидом натрия.</strong></p><p>а) Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с соляной кислотой, где он проявляет основные свойства:</p><p>$Zn(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + 2H_2O$</p><p>б) Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с гидроксидом натрия, где он проявляет кислотные свойства (реакция идет с образованием комплексной соли):</p><p>$Zn(OH)_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> а) $Zn(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + 2H_2O$; б) $Zn(OH)_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$.</p><p><strong>Чем отличается по своим свойствам гидроксид цинка от гидроксида магния?</strong></p><p>Основное отличие заключается в их химической природе. Гидроксид цинка $Zn(OH)_2$ является амфотерным соединением. Это означает, что он способен проявлять как основные свойства (реагируя с кислотами), так и кислотные свойства (реагируя с сильными основаниями — щелочами). В ходе опыта это проявляется в том, что осадок $Zn(OH)_2$ растворяется как в кислоте, так и в избытке щёлочи.</p><p>Гидроксид магния $Mg(OH)_2$ является основанием и проявляет только основные свойства. Он реагирует с кислотами, но не вступает в реакцию со щелочами. Поэтому осадок $Mg(OH)_2$ растворится в кислоте, но не растворится в избытке щёлочи.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Гидроксид цинка является амфотерным гидроксидом, то есть он реагирует и с кислотами, и с щелочами. Гидроксид магния проявляет только основные свойства, то есть реагирует с кислотами, но не реагирует с щелочами.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1740308 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367589" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Что происходит в каждой из пробирок?</strong></p><p>В первой пробирке, при добавлении кислоты (серной или соляной) к осадку гидроксида цинка, происходит реакция нейтрализации. Белый осадок $Zn(OH)_2$ растворяется, так как образуется растворимая соль цинка и вода.</p><p>Во второй пробирке, при добавлении избытка гидроксида натрия, осадок гидроксида цинка также растворяется. Это происходит потому, что гидроксид цинка является амфотерным, то есть он способен реагировать не только с кислотами, но и с сильными щелочами с образованием растворимого комплексного соединения — тетрагидроксоцинката натрия $Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> В обеих пробирках белый осадок гидроксида цинка растворяется. В первой пробирке он вступает в реакцию с кислотой, а во второй — с избытком щёлочи.</p><p><strong>Напишите уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно получить: а) гидроксид цинка; б) гидроксид магния.</strong></p><p>Гидроксиды цинка и магния являются нерастворимыми основаниями, поэтому их получают реакцией обмена между растворимой солью соответствующего металла и щёлочью.</p><p>а) Получение гидроксида цинка взаимодействием сульфата цинка и гидроксида натрия:</p><p>$ZnSO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2\downarrow + Na_2SO_4$</p><p>б) Получение гидроксида магния взаимодействием, например, хлорида магния и гидроксида натрия:</p><p>$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2\downarrow + 2NaCl$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> а) $ZnSO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2\downarrow + Na_2SO_4$; б) $MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2\downarrow + 2NaCl$.</p><p><strong>Напишите уравнения реакций гидроксида цинка: а) с соляной кислотой; б) с гидроксидом натрия.</strong></p><p>а) Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с соляной кислотой, где он проявляет основные свойства:</p><p>$Zn(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + 2H_2O$</p><p>б) Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с гидроксидом натрия, где он проявляет кислотные свойства (реакция идет с образованием комплексной соли):</p><p>$Zn(OH)_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> а) $Zn(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + 2H_2O$; б) $Zn(OH)_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$.</p><p><strong>Чем отличается по своим свойствам гидроксид цинка от гидроксида магния?</strong></p><p>Основное отличие заключается в их химической природе. Гидроксид цинка $Zn(OH)_2$ является амфотерным соединением. Это означает, что он способен проявлять как основные свойства (реагируя с кислотами), так и кислотные свойства (реагируя с сильными основаниями — щелочами). В ходе опыта это проявляется в том, что осадок $Zn(OH)_2$ растворяется как в кислоте, так и в избытке щёлочи.</p><p>Гидроксид магния $Mg(OH)_2$ является основанием и проявляет только основные свойства. Он реагирует с кислотами, но не вступает в реакцию со щелочами. Поэтому осадок $Mg(OH)_2$ растворится в кислоте, но не растворится в избытке щёлочи.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Гидроксид цинка является амфотерным гидроксидом, то есть он реагирует и с кислотами, и с щелочами. Гидроксид магния проявляет только основные свойства, то есть реагирует с кислотами, но не реагирует с щелочами.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367590" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367588" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1117} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true 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Лабораторный опыт (с. 147)
Условие. Лабораторный опыт (с. 147)
скриншот условия
Лабораторный опыт. Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с растворами кислот и щелочей
1) Получите гидроксид цинка. Для этого в две пробирки налейте по 1 мл раствора с массовой долей $\text{NaOH}$ 5% и затем добавьте раствор сульфата цинка до выпадения белого осадка $\text{Zn(OH)}_2$.
2) В одну пробирку с осадком гидроксида цинка прилейте серную или соляную кислоту. В другую пробирку добавьте избыток гидроксида натрия и встряхните.
🔵 Что происходит в каждой из пробирок?
3) Для сравнения получите в двух пробирках гидроксид магния. К осадку в первой пробирке добавьте кислоту, а к осадку во второй — избыток щёлочи.
🔵 Напишите уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно получить: а) гидроксид цинка; б) гидроксид магния.
🔵 Напишите уравнения реакций гидроксида цинка: а) с соляной кислотой; б) с гидроксидом натрия.
🔵 Чем отличается по своим свойствам гидроксид цинка от гидроксида магния?
Решение. Лабораторный опыт (с. 147)
Решение 2. Лабораторный опыт (с. 147)
Что происходит в каждой из пробирок?
В первой пробирке, при добавлении кислоты (серной или соляной) к осадку гидроксида цинка, происходит реакция нейтрализации. Белый осадок $Zn(OH)_2$ растворяется, так как образуется растворимая соль цинка и вода.
Во второй пробирке, при добавлении избытка гидроксида натрия, осадок гидроксида цинка также растворяется. Это происходит потому, что гидроксид цинка является амфотерным, то есть он способен реагировать не только с кислотами, но и с сильными щелочами с образованием растворимого комплексного соединения — тетрагидроксоцинката натрия $Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$.
Ответ: В обеих пробирках белый осадок гидроксида цинка растворяется. В первой пробирке он вступает в реакцию с кислотой, а во второй — с избытком щёлочи.
Напишите уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно получить: а) гидроксид цинка; б) гидроксид магния.
Гидроксиды цинка и магния являются нерастворимыми основаниями, поэтому их получают реакцией обмена между растворимой солью соответствующего металла и щёлочью.
а) Получение гидроксида цинка взаимодействием сульфата цинка и гидроксида натрия:
$ZnSO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2\downarrow + Na_2SO_4$
б) Получение гидроксида магния взаимодействием, например, хлорида магния и гидроксида натрия:
$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2\downarrow + 2NaCl$
Ответ: а) $ZnSO_4 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2\downarrow + Na_2SO_4$; б) $MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Mg(OH)_2\downarrow + 2NaCl$.
Напишите уравнения реакций гидроксида цинка: а) с соляной кислотой; б) с гидроксидом натрия.
а) Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с соляной кислотой, где он проявляет основные свойства:
$Zn(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + 2H_2O$
б) Взаимодействие гидроксида цинка с гидроксидом натрия, где он проявляет кислотные свойства (реакция идет с образованием комплексной соли):
$Zn(OH)_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$
Ответ: а) $Zn(OH)_2 + 2HCl \rightarrow ZnCl_2 + 2H_2O$; б) $Zn(OH)_2 + 2NaOH \rightarrow Na_2[Zn(OH)_4]$.
Чем отличается по своим свойствам гидроксид цинка от гидроксида магния?
Основное отличие заключается в их химической природе. Гидроксид цинка $Zn(OH)_2$ является амфотерным соединением. Это означает, что он способен проявлять как основные свойства (реагируя с кислотами), так и кислотные свойства (реагируя с сильными основаниями — щелочами). В ходе опыта это проявляется в том, что осадок $Zn(OH)_2$ растворяется как в кислоте, так и в избытке щёлочи.
Гидроксид магния $Mg(OH)_2$ является основанием и проявляет только основные свойства. Он реагирует с кислотами, но не вступает в реакцию со щелочами. Поэтому осадок $Mg(OH)_2$ растворится в кислоте, но не растворится в избытке щёлочи.
Ответ: Гидроксид цинка является амфотерным гидроксидом, то есть он реагирует и с кислотами, и с щелочами. Гидроксид магния проявляет только основные свойства, то есть реагирует с кислотами, но не реагирует с щелочами.
Другие задания:
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