Страница 38 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис

Химия, 8 класс Учебник, автор: Рудзитис Гунтис Екабович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022

Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2019 - 2022

ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4

Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации

Cтраница 38

App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php
  #connection: "mysql"
  #table: "book_pages"
  #primaryKey: "id"
  #keyType: "int"
  +incrementing: true
  #with: []
  #withCount: []
  +preventsLazyLoading: false
  #perPage: 15
  +exists: true
  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
  #attributes: array:21 [
    "id" => 1368022
    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "38"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-38"
    "field_display_title" => "38"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "38"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Book {#1006
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "books"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:50 [
            "id" => 524
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1007
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #attributes: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6495
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
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                      "field_genitive_case" => "химии"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "химия"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "химии"
                    ]
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                    "field_translit" => "himiya"
                  ]
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                    "id" => 6495
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                  ]
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              ]
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            }
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1011
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                      "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой"
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                      "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой"
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                      "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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            }
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1015
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Рудзитис"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Гунтис"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Екабович"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
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                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1018
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #primaryKey: "id"
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                    "id" => 6671
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
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                      "field_accusative_case" => "учебник"
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                      "field_nominative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                    ]
                    "field_plural_form" => null
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                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
                  #original: array:10 [
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                    ]
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                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1022
                  #connection: "mysql"
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            "field_reserve_field" => null
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            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
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              "subject" => 558
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            ]
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            "id" => 524
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
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            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1009}
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1010}
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1012}
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1014}
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016}
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1017}
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1019}
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1021}
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023}
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024}
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1025}
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026}
            "field_publication_number" => "11"
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1028}
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030}
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
            "field_publication_year_until" => "2022"
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
            "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
            "field_reserve_field" => null
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "418"
            "field_priority" => "8"
            "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1444"
                "height" => "2154"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => "0"
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1031}
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032}
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033}
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "field_h1" => null
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046
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                  #attributes: array:21 [
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
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                        }
                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
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                    "field_content_text_checked" => null
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050
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                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051
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                    }
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
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                    }
                    "field_content_source" => null
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1049}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
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                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
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            }
            "book_page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368022"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "38-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "962"
                "height" => 1302
                "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/38-1.webp"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 1580335
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055}
            "book_page" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1368022"
              "type" => "book_page"
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            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "38-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "962"
                "height" => 1302
                "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/38-1.webp"
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5831
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5574
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1368023
            "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "39"
            "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-39"
            "field_display_title" => "39"
            "field_folder" => "1"
            "field_image_name" => "39"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5576
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5567
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#5570
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 524
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5577
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5575
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                          #original: array:10 [ …10]
                          #changes: []
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                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5586
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5584
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #dateFormat: null
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                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5585
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5590
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
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                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5589
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5588
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #attributes: array:12 [ …12]
                          #original: array:12 [ …12]
                          #changes: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5587
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5633
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5675
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                          #original: array:10 [ …10]
                          #changes: []
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                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5661
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #dateFormat: null
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                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5665
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5637
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
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                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                          #original: array:6 [ …6]
                          #changes: []
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                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
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                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5664
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5638
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5641
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5642
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5640
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:10 [ …10]
                          #original: array:10 [ …10]
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                          #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                        }
                      ]
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                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "11"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5636
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#5634
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
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                          #withCount: []
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                          #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
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                          #observables: []
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                           …7
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5669
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2019"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => "2022"
                    "field_part" => ""
                    "field_part_writing" => ""
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций"
                    "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации"
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "418"
                    "field_priority" => "8"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/"
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                        1 => App\Models\Branch {#5718 …30}
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                1 => App\Models\Task {#5751
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                2 => App\Models\Task {#5765
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                3 => App\Models\Task {#5778
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            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5597}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038
      #items: []
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
  ]
  #original: array:21 [
    "id" => 1368022
    "created_at" => "2026-04-08 17:28:58"
    "updated_at" => null
    "field_page_start" => "38"
    "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-38"
    "field_display_title" => "38"
    "field_folder" => "1"
    "field_image_name" => "38"
    "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008}
    "field_weight" => "0"
    "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037}
    "field_metatags_title" => null
    "field_metatags_description" => null
    "field_h1" => null
    "field_description_top" => null
    "field_description_bottom" => null
    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035}
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046}
    "next" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1368023"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "previous" => array:2 [
      "refs" => "1368021"
      "type" => "book_page"
    ]
    "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038}
  ]
  #changes: []
  #casts: []
  #classCastCache: []
  #attributeCastCache: []
  #dateFormat: null
  #appends: []
  #dispatchesEvents: []
  #observables: []
  #relations: []
  #touches: []
  +timestamps: true
  +usesUniqueIds: false
  #hidden: []
  #visible: []
  #fillable: []
  #guarded: array:1 [
    0 => "*"
  ]
}
Химия, 8 класс Учебник, автор: Рудзитис Гунтис Екабович, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2019 - 2022, страница 38
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