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Страница 79 - гдз по химии 8 класс учебник Рудзитис
Авторы: Рудзитис Г. Е.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2019 - 2022
ISBN: 978-5-09-088251-4
Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации
Популярные ГДЗ в 8 классе
Cтраница 79
App\Models\BookPage {#1003 // resources/views/models/book_page/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368069 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "79" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-79" "field_display_title" => "79" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "79" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1015 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1020 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1017 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6495 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Химия" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "химию" "field_creative_case" => "химией" "field_dative_case" => "химии" "field_genitive_case" => "химии" "field_nominative_case" => "химия" "field_prepositional_case" => "химии" ] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "himiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1019 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5457 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "8" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "восьмой" "field_creative_case" => "восьмым" "field_dative_case" => "восьмому" "field_genitive_case" => "восьмого" "field_nominative_case" => "восьмой" "field_prepositional_case" => "восьмом" ] "field_translit" => "vosmoj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1021 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5153 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Просвещение" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "prosveschenie" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1031 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5630 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Рудзитис" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Гунтис" "field_patronymic" => "Екабович" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1025 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "учебник" "field_creative_case" => "учебником" "field_dative_case" => "учебнику" "field_genitive_case" => "учебника" "field_nominative_case" => "учебник" "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике" ] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1028 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6706 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "ФГОС (старый)" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_color" => null "field_end_year" => "2022" "field_start_year" => "2019" "field_translit" => "fgos-old" "field_type" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 33 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "стереотипное" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => null "field_creative_case" => null "field_dative_case" => null "field_genitive_case" => null "field_nominative_case" => null "field_prepositional_case" => null ] "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 524 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1020} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1022} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1024} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1032} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1018} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1027} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1033} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_publication_number" => "11" "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => "2022" "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для общеобразовательных организаций" "field_allowed" => "Допущено Министерством просвещения Российской Федерации" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "418" "field_priority" => "8" "field_default_folder" => "/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-088251-4" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1743939572" "alt" => "" "width" => "1444" "height" => "2154" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 379 "subject" => 558 "class_subject" => 498 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1048 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580376 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4499 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "79-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/79-1.webp?ts=1757414774" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580376 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "79-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "962" "height" => 1302 "path" => "/media/himiya_08/rudzitis-u/0-1/79-1.webp?ts=1757414774" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5648 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5643 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368070 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-80" "field_display_title" => "80" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "80" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5646 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5649 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1015} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5647 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5662 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580377 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5664 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368070" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580377 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5664} "book_page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368070" "type" => "book_page" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ …5] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368072" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5654 #items: array:9 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#5675 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367436 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5679 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5678 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5677 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5680 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5683 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367437" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367435" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5689 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368070" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367436 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5679} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5678} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5677} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5680} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5683} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367437" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367435" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5689} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368070" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#5682 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367437 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5681 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5688 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5690 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5686 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5685 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5703 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367437 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5681} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5688} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5690} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5686 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5685 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5703 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#5687 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367438 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5684 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5702 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5704 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5700 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5699 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5717 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367438 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5684 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5702 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5704 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5700 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5699 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5717 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#5701 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367439 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5698 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5716 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5718 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5714 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5713 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5731 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367439 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-4" "field_display_title" => "4" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5698 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5716 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5718 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5714 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5713 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5731 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#5715 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367440 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5712 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5730 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5732 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5728 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5727 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5745 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367440 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-5" "field_display_title" => "5" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5712 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5730 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5732 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5728 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5727 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5745 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#5729 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367441 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5726 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5744 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5746 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5742 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5741 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5759 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367441 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5726 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5744 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5746 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5742 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5741 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5759 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#5743 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367442 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5740 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5758 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5760 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5756 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5755 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5773 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367442 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-3-7" "field_display_title" => "7" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5740 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5758 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5760 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5756 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5755 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5773 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 7 => App\Models\Task {#5757 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367443 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5754 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5772 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5774 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5850 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5843 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5841 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367443 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-4-1" "field_display_title" => "1" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5754 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5772 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5774 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5850 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5843 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5841 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 8 => App\Models\Task {#5811 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367444 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-4-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5857 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5842 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5840 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5847 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5848 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5828 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367444 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-4-2" "field_display_title" => "2" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5857 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5842 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5840 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5847 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5848 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5828 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368070 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "80" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-80" "field_display_title" => "80" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "80" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5646} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5649} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5647} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5663} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368072" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5654} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "previous" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5639 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#5638 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1368068 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "78" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-78" "field_display_title" => "78" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "78" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5640 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5641 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1015} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5642 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5652 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#5651 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1580375 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5653 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1580375 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5653 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368067" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5644 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368068 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "78" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-78" "field_display_title" => "78" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "78" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5640} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5641} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5642} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5652} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368067" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#5644} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1057 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367435 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "79" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-2-1" "field_display_title" => "Лабораторный опыт" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 …2} "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Кислород. Горение" "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 …2} "field_page_start" => "72" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1115 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1117 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367172 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Свойства кислорода" "field_branch_order" => "23" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_page_start" => "77" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367172 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Свойства кислорода" "field_branch_order" => "23" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_page_start" => "77" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1122 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1367173 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_page_start" => "77" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367173 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Подумай, ответь, выполни..." "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_page_start" => "77" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1095 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1579762 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p><strong>Лабораторный опыт.</strong> Ознакомление с образцами оксидов</p><p><strong>1)</strong> Рассмотрите образцы различных оксидов.</p><p>🔵 Какие из рассмотренных вами оксидов имеют молекулярное строение, а какие — немолекулярное? По каким признакам это можно определить? Напишите уравнения реакций получения соответствующих оксидов.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> Начертите в тетради таблицу и заполните её.</p><p><strong>Свойства оксидов</strong></p><p><strong>Название и химическая формула оксида</strong></p><p><strong>Физические свойства</strong></p><p><strong>Агрегатное состояние</strong></p><p><strong>Цвет</strong></p><p><strong>Запах</strong></p><p>Оксид меди(II) $CuO$</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Оксид углерода(IV) ...</p><p></p><p></p><p></p>" "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1579762 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p><strong>Лабораторный опыт.</strong> Ознакомление с образцами оксидов</p><p><strong>1)</strong> Рассмотрите образцы различных оксидов.</p><p>🔵 Какие из рассмотренных вами оксидов имеют молекулярное строение, а какие — немолекулярное? По каким признакам это можно определить? Напишите уравнения реакций получения соответствующих оксидов.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> Начертите в тетради таблицу и заполните её.</p><p><strong>Свойства оксидов</strong></p><p><strong>Название и химическая формула оксида</strong></p><p><strong>Физические свойства</strong></p><p><strong>Агрегатное состояние</strong></p><p><strong>Цвет</strong></p><p><strong>Запах</strong></p><p>Оксид меди(II) $CuO$</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Оксид углерода(IV) ...</p><p></p><p></p><p></p>" "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1093 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1579851 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1579851 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1086 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1740154 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p><strong>1)</strong> <strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>В рамках данного опыта рассматриваются оксид меди(II) ($CuO$) и оксид углерода(IV) ($CO₂$).</p><p>Оксид углерода(IV) ($CO₂$) имеет <em>молекулярное строение</em>, а оксид меди(II) ($CuO$) — <em>немолекулярное строение</em>.</p><p>Определить тип строения можно по следующим признакам:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Тип химической связи.</em> Тип строения вещества (кристаллической решетки) напрямую зависит от типа химической связи между частицами. В оксиде меди(II) связь ионная, так как она образована атомами металла ($\text{Cu}$) и неметалла ($\text{O}$). Вещества с ионной связью образуют ионные кристаллические решетки, которые относятся к немолекулярному типу строения. В оксиде углерода(IV) связь ковалентная полярная, так как она образована атомами двух неметаллов ($\text{C}$ и $\text{O}$). Вещества с ковалентными связями, которые существуют в виде отдельных молекул, образуют молекулярные кристаллические решетки.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Физические свойства.</em> Вещества с немолекулярным строением (ионные, атомные) обычно являются твердыми, тугоплавкими и нелетучими веществами при нормальных условиях. Оксид меди(II) — это твердый порошок черного цвета с очень высокой температурой плавления (1326 °C). Вещества с молекулярным строением, напротив, имеют низкие температуры плавления и кипения. Оксид углерода(IV) (углекислый газ) при нормальных условиях является газом, что однозначно указывает на его молекулярное строение.</p><p>Уравнения реакций получения соответствующих оксидов:</p><ul><li>Получение оксида меди(II) при нагревании меди на воздухе: <p>$2Cu + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} 2CuO$</p></li><li>Получение оксида углерода(IV) при сгорании угля (углерода): <p>$C + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} CO₂$</p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Оксид углерода(IV) ($CO₂$) имеет молекулярное строение, а оксид меди(II) ($CuO$) — немолекулярное. Это определяется по типу химической связи (ковалентная в $CO₂$ и ионная в $CuO$) и агрегатному состоянию при н.у. (газ для $CO₂$ и твердое вещество для $CuO$). Уравнения получения: $C + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} CO₂$; $2Cu + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} 2CuO$.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> <strong>Решение:</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table border="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Название и химическая формула оксида</th><th colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Физические свойства</th></tr><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Агрегатное состояние</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Цвет</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Запах</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Оксид меди(II) $CuO$</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">твердое</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">черный</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">без запаха</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Оксид углерода(IV) $CO₂$</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">газообразное</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">бесцветный</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">без запаха</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Заполненная таблица представлена выше.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1740154 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "task" => array:2 [ …2] "text" => "<p><strong>1)</strong> <strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>В рамках данного опыта рассматриваются оксид меди(II) ($CuO$) и оксид углерода(IV) ($CO₂$).</p><p>Оксид углерода(IV) ($CO₂$) имеет <em>молекулярное строение</em>, а оксид меди(II) ($CuO$) — <em>немолекулярное строение</em>.</p><p>Определить тип строения можно по следующим признакам:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Тип химической связи.</em> Тип строения вещества (кристаллической решетки) напрямую зависит от типа химической связи между частицами. В оксиде меди(II) связь ионная, так как она образована атомами металла ($\text{Cu}$) и неметалла ($\text{O}$). Вещества с ионной связью образуют ионные кристаллические решетки, которые относятся к немолекулярному типу строения. В оксиде углерода(IV) связь ковалентная полярная, так как она образована атомами двух неметаллов ($\text{C}$ и $\text{O}$). Вещества с ковалентными связями, которые существуют в виде отдельных молекул, образуют молекулярные кристаллические решетки.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Физические свойства.</em> Вещества с немолекулярным строением (ионные, атомные) обычно являются твердыми, тугоплавкими и нелетучими веществами при нормальных условиях. Оксид меди(II) — это твердый порошок черного цвета с очень высокой температурой плавления (1326 °C). Вещества с молекулярным строением, напротив, имеют низкие температуры плавления и кипения. Оксид углерода(IV) (углекислый газ) при нормальных условиях является газом, что однозначно указывает на его молекулярное строение.</p><p>Уравнения реакций получения соответствующих оксидов:</p><ul><li>Получение оксида меди(II) при нагревании меди на воздухе: <p>$2Cu + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} 2CuO$</p></li><li>Получение оксида углерода(IV) при сгорании угля (углерода): <p>$C + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} CO₂$</p></li></ul><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Оксид углерода(IV) ($CO₂$) имеет молекулярное строение, а оксид меди(II) ($CuO$) — немолекулярное. Это определяется по типу химической связи (ковалентная в $CO₂$ и ионная в $CuO$) и агрегатному состоянию при н.у. (газ для $CO₂$ и твердое вещество для $CuO$). Уравнения получения: $C + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} CO₂$; $2Cu + O₂ \xrightarrow{t} 2CuO$.</p><p><strong>2)</strong> <strong>Решение:</strong></p><div class="table-wrap"><table border="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Название и химическая формула оксида</th><th colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Физические свойства</th></tr><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Агрегатное состояние</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Цвет</th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Запах</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Оксид меди(II) $CuO$</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">твердое</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">черный</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">без запаха</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">Оксид углерода(IV) $CO₂$</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">газообразное</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">бесцветный</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);">без запаха</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Заполненная таблица представлена выше.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367436" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367434" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1015} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1367435 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "79" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/23-2-1" "field_display_title" => "Лабораторный опыт" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367436" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1367434" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368069" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1368069 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "79" "field_url" => "/8-klass/himiya/rudzitis-uchebnik-2019/page-79" "field_display_title" => "79" "field_folder" => "1" "field_image_name" => "79" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1008} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1016} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1007} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368070" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1368068" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
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