Номер 228, страница 73 - гдз по алгебре 9 класс учебник Солтан, Солтан

Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Солтан Г. Н., Солтан А. Е., Жумадилова А. Ж.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Кокшетау

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-317-424-2

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

II. Элементы комбинаторики. 8. Перестановки без повторений - номер 228, страница 73.

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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> Исходное уравнение: $ \frac{P_{n-2}}{P_{n-4}} = 90 $. В комбинаторике $ P_k $ обозначает число перестановок из $ k $ элементов, то есть $ P_k = k! $. Уравнение принимает вид $ \frac{(n-2)!}{(n-4)!} = 90 $. Область допустимых значений (ОДЗ) для $ n $ определяется из условий, что аргументы факториалов должны быть неотрицательными целыми числами: $ n-2 \ge 0 $ и $ n-4 \ge 0 $. Из этих неравенств следует, что $ n $ — целое число и $ n \ge 4 $.</p><p>Упростим левую часть уравнения, используя свойство факториала $ k! = k \cdot (k-1) \cdot \ldots \cdot 1 $. Можно записать $ (n-2)! = (n-2) \cdot (n-3) \cdot (n-4)! $. Подставим это выражение в уравнение:</p><p>$ \frac{(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)!}{(n-4)!} = 90 $</p><p>Сократив дробь на $ (n-4)! $ (это возможно, так как в ОДЗ $ (n-4)! \ne 0 $), получаем квадратное уравнение:</p><p>$ (n-2)(n-3) = 90 $</p><p>Раскроем скобки и приведем уравнение к стандартному виду:</p><p>$ n^2 - 3n - 2n + 6 = 90 $</p><p>$ n^2 - 5n - 84 = 0 $</p><p>Решим это уравнение с помощью дискриминанта $ D = b^2 - 4ac $:</p><p>$ D = (-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-84) = 25 + 336 = 361 = 19^2 $</p><p>Найдем корни уравнения:</p><p>$ n_1 = \frac{-(-5) + \sqrt{361}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{5 + 19}{2} = \frac{24}{2} = 12 $</p><p>$ n_2 = \frac{-(-5) - \sqrt{361}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{5 - 19}{2} = \frac{-14}{2} = -7 $</p><p>Проверим корни на соответствие ОДЗ ($ n \ge 4 $). Корень $ n_1 = 12 $ удовлетворяет условию. Корень $ n_2 = -7 $ не удовлетворяет условию, поэтому является посторонним.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $ n = 12 $.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Исходное уравнение: $ \frac{P_n - P_{n-1}}{P_{n-2}} = 16 $. Используя определение $ P_k = k! $, перепишем уравнение в виде:</p><p>$ \frac{n! - (n-1)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $</p><p>Область допустимых значений определяется условиями $ n \ge 0 $, $ n-1 \ge 0 $ и $ n-2 \ge 0 $. Отсюда следует, что $ n $ — целое число и $ n \ge 2 $.</p><p>Упростим числитель дроби, вынеся за скобки общий множитель $ (n-1)! $:</p><p>$ n! - (n-1)! = n \cdot (n-1)! - 1 \cdot (n-1)! = (n-1) \cdot (n-1)! $</p><p>Подставим это в уравнение:</p><p>$ \frac{(n-1)(n-1)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $</p><p>Так как $ (n-1)! = (n-1) \cdot (n-2)! $, то, подставив и сократив $ (n-2)! $, получим:</p><p>$ \frac{(n-1) \cdot (n-1) \cdot (n-2)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $</p><p>$ (n-1)^2 = 16 $</p><p>Извлекая квадратный корень из обеих частей уравнения, получаем два возможных случая:</p><p>$ n-1 = 4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad n_1 = 5 $</p><p>$ n-1 = -4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad n_2 = -3 $</p><p>Сравним найденные корни с ОДЗ ($ n \ge 2 $). Корень $ n_1 = 5 $ удовлетворяет условию. Корень $ n_2 = -3 $ не удовлетворяет условию и является посторонним.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $ n = 5 $.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong> Исходное уравнение: $ \frac{P_{n-2}}{P_{n-4}} = 90 $. В комбинаторике $ P_k $ обозначает число перестановок из $ k $ элементов, то есть $ P_k = k! $. Уравнение принимает вид $ \frac{(n-2)!}{(n-4)!} = 90 $. Область допустимых значений (ОДЗ) для $ n $ определяется из условий, что аргументы факториалов должны быть неотрицательными целыми числами: $ n-2 \ge 0 $ и $ n-4 \ge 0 $. Из этих неравенств следует, что $ n $ — целое число и $ n \ge 4 $.</p><p>Упростим левую часть уравнения, используя свойство факториала $ k! = k \cdot (k-1) \cdot \ldots \cdot 1 $. Можно записать $ (n-2)! = (n-2) \cdot (n-3) \cdot (n-4)! $. Подставим это выражение в уравнение:</p><p>$ \frac{(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)!}{(n-4)!} = 90 $</p><p>Сократив дробь на $ (n-4)! $ (это возможно, так как в ОДЗ $ (n-4)! \ne 0 $), получаем квадратное уравнение:</p><p>$ (n-2)(n-3) = 90 $</p><p>Раскроем скобки и приведем уравнение к стандартному виду:</p><p>$ n^2 - 3n - 2n + 6 = 90 $</p><p>$ n^2 - 5n - 84 = 0 $</p><p>Решим это уравнение с помощью дискриминанта $ D = b^2 - 4ac $:</p><p>$ D = (-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-84) = 25 + 336 = 361 = 19^2 $</p><p>Найдем корни уравнения:</p><p>$ n_1 = \frac{-(-5) + \sqrt{361}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{5 + 19}{2} = \frac{24}{2} = 12 $</p><p>$ n_2 = \frac{-(-5) - \sqrt{361}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{5 - 19}{2} = \frac{-14}{2} = -7 $</p><p>Проверим корни на соответствие ОДЗ ($ n \ge 4 $). Корень $ n_1 = 12 $ удовлетворяет условию. Корень $ n_2 = -7 $ не удовлетворяет условию, поэтому является посторонним.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $ n = 12 $.</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Исходное уравнение: $ \frac{P_n - P_{n-1}}{P_{n-2}} = 16 $. Используя определение $ P_k = k! $, перепишем уравнение в виде:</p><p>$ \frac{n! - (n-1)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $</p><p>Область допустимых значений определяется условиями $ n \ge 0 $, $ n-1 \ge 0 $ и $ n-2 \ge 0 $. Отсюда следует, что $ n $ — целое число и $ n \ge 2 $.</p><p>Упростим числитель дроби, вынеся за скобки общий множитель $ (n-1)! $:</p><p>$ n! - (n-1)! = n \cdot (n-1)! - 1 \cdot (n-1)! = (n-1) \cdot (n-1)! $</p><p>Подставим это в уравнение:</p><p>$ \frac{(n-1)(n-1)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $</p><p>Так как $ (n-1)! = (n-1) \cdot (n-2)! $, то, подставив и сократив $ (n-2)! $, получим:</p><p>$ \frac{(n-1) \cdot (n-1) \cdot (n-2)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $</p><p>$ (n-1)^2 = 16 $</p><p>Извлекая квадратный корень из обеих частей уравнения, получаем два возможных случая:</p><p>$ n-1 = 4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad n_1 = 5 $</p><p>$ n-1 = -4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad n_2 = -3 $</p><p>Сравним найденные корни с ОДЗ ($ n \ge 2 $). Корень $ n_1 = 5 $ удовлетворяет условию. Корень $ n_2 = -3 $ не удовлетворяет условию и является посторонним.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> $ n = 5 $.</p>"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Алла"
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Term {#1147
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
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                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7005
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Аманбала"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Жумадиловна"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
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                    "id" => 7005
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                    "updated_at" => null
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            }
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1152
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                    "id" => 6671
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_plural_form" => null
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                  ]
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                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
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              ]
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            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1153
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
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                  +incrementing: false
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                0 => App\Models\Term {#1181
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_translit" => "almaty"
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            }
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186
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            }
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            }
            "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192
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            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186}
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            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ"
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            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189}
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1576
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1032
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          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
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          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1097815
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1023
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1193
                  #connection: "mysql"
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                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4298
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215 …2}
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                    "field_cover_description" => null
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                    "field_part" => ""
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                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ"
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                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "1291"
                    "field_priority" => "4"
                    "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2"
                    "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1221 …2}
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                    "field_metatags_description" => null
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                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3]
                  ]
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                    "id" => 4298
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194 …2}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197 …2}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199 …2}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 …2}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208 …2}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 …2}
                     …35
                  ]
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
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            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1223
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1224
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                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [ …6]
                  #original: array:6 [ …6]
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1097816"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
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            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232
              #items: array:12 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#1233
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [ …24]
                  #original: array:24 [ …24]
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                  #dateFormat: null
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                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [ …1]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Task {#1359
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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№228 (с. 73)
Условие. №228 (с. 73)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 73, номер 228, Условие

228. Решите уравнение:

а) $\frac{P_{n-2}}{P_{n-4}} = 90$;

б) $\frac{P_n - P_{n-1}}{P_{n-2}} = 16$.

Решение. №228 (с. 73)
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 73, номер 228, Решение
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 73, номер 228, Решение (продолжение 2)
Решение 2 (rus). №228 (с. 73)

а) Исходное уравнение: $ \frac{P_{n-2}}{P_{n-4}} = 90 $. В комбинаторике $ P_k $ обозначает число перестановок из $ k $ элементов, то есть $ P_k = k! $. Уравнение принимает вид $ \frac{(n-2)!}{(n-4)!} = 90 $. Область допустимых значений (ОДЗ) для $ n $ определяется из условий, что аргументы факториалов должны быть неотрицательными целыми числами: $ n-2 \ge 0 $ и $ n-4 \ge 0 $. Из этих неравенств следует, что $ n $ — целое число и $ n \ge 4 $.

Упростим левую часть уравнения, используя свойство факториала $ k! = k \cdot (k-1) \cdot \ldots \cdot 1 $. Можно записать $ (n-2)! = (n-2) \cdot (n-3) \cdot (n-4)! $. Подставим это выражение в уравнение:

$ \frac{(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)!}{(n-4)!} = 90 $

Сократив дробь на $ (n-4)! $ (это возможно, так как в ОДЗ $ (n-4)! \ne 0 $), получаем квадратное уравнение:

$ (n-2)(n-3) = 90 $

Раскроем скобки и приведем уравнение к стандартному виду:

$ n^2 - 3n - 2n + 6 = 90 $

$ n^2 - 5n - 84 = 0 $

Решим это уравнение с помощью дискриминанта $ D = b^2 - 4ac $:

$ D = (-5)^2 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot (-84) = 25 + 336 = 361 = 19^2 $

Найдем корни уравнения:

$ n_1 = \frac{-(-5) + \sqrt{361}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{5 + 19}{2} = \frac{24}{2} = 12 $

$ n_2 = \frac{-(-5) - \sqrt{361}}{2 \cdot 1} = \frac{5 - 19}{2} = \frac{-14}{2} = -7 $

Проверим корни на соответствие ОДЗ ($ n \ge 4 $). Корень $ n_1 = 12 $ удовлетворяет условию. Корень $ n_2 = -7 $ не удовлетворяет условию, поэтому является посторонним.

Ответ: $ n = 12 $.

б) Исходное уравнение: $ \frac{P_n - P_{n-1}}{P_{n-2}} = 16 $. Используя определение $ P_k = k! $, перепишем уравнение в виде:

$ \frac{n! - (n-1)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $

Область допустимых значений определяется условиями $ n \ge 0 $, $ n-1 \ge 0 $ и $ n-2 \ge 0 $. Отсюда следует, что $ n $ — целое число и $ n \ge 2 $.

Упростим числитель дроби, вынеся за скобки общий множитель $ (n-1)! $:

$ n! - (n-1)! = n \cdot (n-1)! - 1 \cdot (n-1)! = (n-1) \cdot (n-1)! $

Подставим это в уравнение:

$ \frac{(n-1)(n-1)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $

Так как $ (n-1)! = (n-1) \cdot (n-2)! $, то, подставив и сократив $ (n-2)! $, получим:

$ \frac{(n-1) \cdot (n-1) \cdot (n-2)!}{(n-2)!} = 16 $

$ (n-1)^2 = 16 $

Извлекая квадратный корень из обеих частей уравнения, получаем два возможных случая:

$ n-1 = 4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad n_1 = 5 $

$ n-1 = -4 \quad \Rightarrow \quad n_2 = -3 $

Сравним найденные корни с ОДЗ ($ n \ge 2 $). Корень $ n_1 = 5 $ удовлетворяет условию. Корень $ n_2 = -3 $ не удовлетворяет условию и является посторонним.

Ответ: $ n = 5 $.

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