Номер 297, страница 88 - гдз по алгебре 9 класс учебник Солтан, Солтан

Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Солтан Г. Н., Солтан А. Е., Жумадилова А. Ж.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Кокшетау

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-317-424-2

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

II. Элементы комбинаторики. 12. Упражнения на повторение раздела «Элементы комбинаторики» - номер 297, страница 88.

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            "text" => "<p>Для решения этой задачи нужно разобраться, в каком случае важен порядок выбора элементов, а в каком — нет.</p><p><strong>Сочетания (combinations)</strong> используются тогда, когда порядок выбора элементов не имеет значения. Важен только сам состав выбранной группы. Например, если мы выбираем двух дежурных с одинаковыми обязанностями, то пара "Иванов, Петров" ничем не отличается от пары "Петров, Иванов".</p><p><strong>Размещения (permutations)</strong> используются, когда порядок выбора элементов важен. Каждая перестановка элементов создает новый, уникальный вариант. Например, если мы выбираем старшего дежурного и его помощника, то пара "Иванов (старший), Петров (помощник)" — это не то же самое, что "Петров (старший), Иванов (помощник)".</p><p>Таким образом, для задачи <strong>а)</strong> мы будем использовать сочетания, а для задачи <strong>б)</strong> — размещения.</p><p><strong>а) их обязанности одинаковые</strong><br>В этом случае порядок выбора двух дежурных из 12 учеников не важен. Следовательно, мы используем формулу для числа сочетаний из $n$ по $k$:<br>$C_n^k = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}$<br>Где $n = 12$ (общее число учащихся), а $k = 2$ (число дежурных).<br>$C_{12}^2 = \frac{12!}{2!(12-2)!} = \frac{12!}{2! \cdot 10!} = \frac{10! \cdot 11 \cdot 12}{2 \cdot 1 \cdot 10!} = \frac{11 \cdot 12}{2} = 66$<br>Ответ: 66</p><p><strong>б) один из них является старшим дежурным</strong><br>В этом случае у дежурных разные обязанности (один — старший, другой — нет), поэтому порядок их выбора важен. Если первым мы выбираем старшего, а вторым — его помощника, то пара "ученик А, ученик Б" отличается от пары "ученик Б, ученик А". Следовательно, мы используем формулу для числа размещений из $n$ по $k$:<br>$A_n^k = \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}$<br>Где $n = 12$ и $k = 2$.<br>$A_{12}^2 = \frac{12!}{(12-2)!} = \frac{12!}{10!} = \frac{10! \cdot 11 \cdot 12}{10!} = 11 \cdot 12 = 132$<br>Можно рассуждать и по-другому: выбрать старшего дежурного можно 12 способами. После этого выбрать второго дежурного из оставшихся 11 учеников можно 11 способами. Общее число способов по правилу произведения: $12 \times 11 = 132$.<br>Ответ: 132</p>"
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p>Для решения этой задачи нужно разобраться, в каком случае важен порядок выбора элементов, а в каком — нет.</p><p><strong>Сочетания (combinations)</strong> используются тогда, когда порядок выбора элементов не имеет значения. Важен только сам состав выбранной группы. Например, если мы выбираем двух дежурных с одинаковыми обязанностями, то пара "Иванов, Петров" ничем не отличается от пары "Петров, Иванов".</p><p><strong>Размещения (permutations)</strong> используются, когда порядок выбора элементов важен. Каждая перестановка элементов создает новый, уникальный вариант. Например, если мы выбираем старшего дежурного и его помощника, то пара "Иванов (старший), Петров (помощник)" — это не то же самое, что "Петров (старший), Иванов (помощник)".</p><p>Таким образом, для задачи <strong>а)</strong> мы будем использовать сочетания, а для задачи <strong>б)</strong> — размещения.</p><p><strong>а) их обязанности одинаковые</strong><br>В этом случае порядок выбора двух дежурных из 12 учеников не важен. Следовательно, мы используем формулу для числа сочетаний из $n$ по $k$:<br>$C_n^k = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}$<br>Где $n = 12$ (общее число учащихся), а $k = 2$ (число дежурных).<br>$C_{12}^2 = \frac{12!}{2!(12-2)!} = \frac{12!}{2! \cdot 10!} = \frac{10! \cdot 11 \cdot 12}{2 \cdot 1 \cdot 10!} = \frac{11 \cdot 12}{2} = 66$<br>Ответ: 66</p><p><strong>б) один из них является старшим дежурным</strong><br>В этом случае у дежурных разные обязанности (один — старший, другой — нет), поэтому порядок их выбора важен. Если первым мы выбираем старшего, а вторым — его помощника, то пара "ученик А, ученик Б" отличается от пары "ученик Б, ученик А". Следовательно, мы используем формулу для числа размещений из $n$ по $k$:<br>$A_n^k = \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}$<br>Где $n = 12$ и $k = 2$.<br>$A_{12}^2 = \frac{12!}{(12-2)!} = \frac{12!}{10!} = \frac{10! \cdot 11 \cdot 12}{10!} = 11 \cdot 12 = 132$<br>Можно рассуждать и по-другому: выбрать старшего дежурного можно 12 способами. После этого выбрать второго дежурного из оставшихся 11 учеников можно 11 способами. Общее число способов по правилу произведения: $12 \times 11 = 132$.<br>Ответ: 132</p>"
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                    "id" => 5458
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "name" => "9"
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                    "field_name" => "Аманбала"
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            }
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            }
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        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1199
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                2 => App\Models\Task {#1395
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№297 (с. 88)
Условие. №297 (с. 88)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 88, номер 297, Условие

297. В решении какой из следующих задач используются сочетания, а в какой — размещения и почему? В группе 12 учащихся. Сколькими способами можно выбрать двух дежурных, если:

а) их обязанности одинаковые;

б) один из них является старшим дежурным?

Решение. №297 (с. 88)
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 88, номер 297, Решение
Решение 2 (rus). №297 (с. 88)

Для решения этой задачи нужно разобраться, в каком случае важен порядок выбора элементов, а в каком — нет.

Сочетания (combinations) используются тогда, когда порядок выбора элементов не имеет значения. Важен только сам состав выбранной группы. Например, если мы выбираем двух дежурных с одинаковыми обязанностями, то пара "Иванов, Петров" ничем не отличается от пары "Петров, Иванов".

Размещения (permutations) используются, когда порядок выбора элементов важен. Каждая перестановка элементов создает новый, уникальный вариант. Например, если мы выбираем старшего дежурного и его помощника, то пара "Иванов (старший), Петров (помощник)" — это не то же самое, что "Петров (старший), Иванов (помощник)".

Таким образом, для задачи а) мы будем использовать сочетания, а для задачи б) — размещения.

а) их обязанности одинаковые
В этом случае порядок выбора двух дежурных из 12 учеников не важен. Следовательно, мы используем формулу для числа сочетаний из $n$ по $k$:
$C_n^k = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}$
Где $n = 12$ (общее число учащихся), а $k = 2$ (число дежурных).
$C_{12}^2 = \frac{12!}{2!(12-2)!} = \frac{12!}{2! \cdot 10!} = \frac{10! \cdot 11 \cdot 12}{2 \cdot 1 \cdot 10!} = \frac{11 \cdot 12}{2} = 66$
Ответ: 66

б) один из них является старшим дежурным
В этом случае у дежурных разные обязанности (один — старший, другой — нет), поэтому порядок их выбора важен. Если первым мы выбираем старшего, а вторым — его помощника, то пара "ученик А, ученик Б" отличается от пары "ученик Б, ученик А". Следовательно, мы используем формулу для числа размещений из $n$ по $k$:
$A_n^k = \frac{n!}{(n-k)!}$
Где $n = 12$ и $k = 2$.
$A_{12}^2 = \frac{12!}{(12-2)!} = \frac{12!}{10!} = \frac{10! \cdot 11 \cdot 12}{10!} = 11 \cdot 12 = 132$
Можно рассуждать и по-другому: выбрать старшего дежурного можно 12 способами. После этого выбрать второго дежурного из оставшихся 11 учеников можно 11 способами. Общее число способов по правилу произведения: $12 \times 11 = 132$.
Ответ: 132

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