Номер 311, страница 90 - гдз по алгебре 9 класс учебник Солтан, Солтан

Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Солтан Г. Н., Солтан А. Е., Жумадилова А. Ж.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Кокшетау

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-317-424-2

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

II. Элементы комбинаторики. 12. Упражнения на повторение раздела «Элементы комбинаторики» - номер 311, страница 90.

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                    "field_covers" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:4 [ …4]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => null
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
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                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
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                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1102
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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            "field_page_start" => "88"
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            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1105
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "books"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:50 [
                    "id" => 4298
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112
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                    }
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156
      #items: array:3 [
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          #table: "elements"
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1167
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
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              ]
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            "task" => array:2 [
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            "text" => "<p><strong>311. a)</strong> Построены выпуклые многоугольники: четырехугольник, пятиугольник и $n$-угольник, где $n &gt; 5$. Оказалось, что число, равное сумме диагоналей этих многоугольников, не больше 100. Какое наименьшее и наибольшее число сторон мог иметь $n$-угольник?</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Белки собрали поровну орехов, причем известно, что количество орехов больше числа белок. При переносе их в дупло каждая белка передала каждой другой по одному ореху, которые упали. Сколько орехов собрала каждая белка, если на хранение всеми белками было перенесено 33 ореха?</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>311. a)</strong> Построены выпуклые многоугольники: четырехугольник, пятиугольник и $n$-угольник, где $n &gt; 5$. Оказалось, что число, равное сумме диагоналей этих многоугольников, не больше 100. Какое наименьшее и наибольшее число сторон мог иметь $n$-угольник?</p><p><strong>б)</strong> Белки собрали поровну орехов, причем известно, что количество орехов больше числа белок. При переносе их в дупло каждая белка передала каждой другой по одному ореху, которые упали. Сколько орехов собрала каждая белка, если на хранение всеми белками было перенесено 33 ореха?</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Найдем общее количество диагоналей в заданных многоугольниках.<br>Формула для числа диагоналей $D$ в выпуклом $k$-угольнике: $D_k = \frac{k(k-3)}{2}$.<br>1. Для четырехугольника ($k=4$):<br>$D_4 = \frac{4(4-3)}{2} = \frac{4 \cdot 1}{2} = 2$ диагонали.<br>2. Для пятиугольника ($k=5$):<br>$D_5 = \frac{5(5-3)}{2} = \frac{5 \cdot 2}{2} = 5$ диагоналей.<br>3. Для $n$-угольника ($k=n$):<br>$D_n = \frac{n(n-3)}{2}$ диагоналей.<br>Сумма диагоналей всех трех многоугольников не больше 100. Составим неравенство:<br>$D_4 + D_5 + D_n \le 100$<br>$2 + 5 + \frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 100$<br>$7 + \frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 100$<br>$\frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 93$<br>$n(n-3) \le 186$<br>$n^2 - 3n - 186 \le 0$<br>Чтобы решить это квадратное неравенство, найдем корни соответствующего уравнения $n^2 - 3n - 186 = 0$.<br>Используем формулу для корней квадратного уравнения $n = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$:<br>$n = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{(-3)^2 - 4(1)(-186)}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{9 + 744}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{753}}{2}$<br>Так как $n$ (число сторон) должно быть положительным, нас интересует только положительный корень: $n = \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2}$.<br>Оценим значение $\sqrt{753}$. Мы знаем, что $27^2 = 729$ и $28^2 = 784$. Следовательно, $27 &lt; \sqrt{753} &lt; 28$.<br>Тогда $n_2 = \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2} \approx \frac{3 + 27.4}{2} \approx 15.2$.<br>Неравенство $n^2 - 3n - 186 \le 0$ выполняется для $n$, находящихся между корнями. Учитывая, что $n>0$, получаем $0 &lt; n \le \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2}$.<br>Поскольку $n$ — это целое число, то $n \le 15$.<br>По условию задачи, $n &gt; 5$.<br>Таким образом, мы ищем целые числа $n$, которые удовлетворяют условию $5 &lt; n \le 15$.<br>Наименьшее целое число в этом диапазоне — это 6.<br>Наибольшее целое число в этом диапазоне — это 15.<br>Следовательно, наименьшее число сторон, которое мог иметь $n$-угольник, равно 6, а наибольшее — 15.<br><br><strong>Ответ:</strong> Наименьшее число сторон — 6, наибольшее — 15.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Пусть $k$ — количество белок, а $x$ — количество орехов, которое собрала каждая белка. $k$ и $x$ — натуральные числа.<br>Общее количество собранных орехов равно $kx$.<br>По условию, "количество орехов больше числа белок". Будем считать, что это относится к количеству орехов у каждой белки, то есть $x &gt; k$.<br>В процессе переноса "каждая белка передала каждой другой по одному ореху, которые упали". Это означает, что каждая из $k$ белок пыталась передать по одному ореху каждой из $(k-1)$ других белок, и все эти орехи были потеряны.<br>Количество орехов, которые уронила каждая белка, равно $k-1$.<br>Общее количество упавших орехов равно $k \cdot (k-1)$.<br>Изначально у белок было $kx$ орехов. После того как $k(k-1)$ орехов упали, у них осталось 33 ореха.<br>Составим уравнение:<br>$kx - k(k-1) = 33$<br>Вынесем $k$ за скобки:<br>$k(x - (k-1)) = 33$<br>$k(x - k + 1) = 33$<br>Так как $k$ и $x$ — целые числа, то $k$ должен быть делителем числа 33. Делители 33: 1, 3, 11, 33.<br>Поскольку белки передавали орехи "каждая другой", их должно быть как минимум две, то есть $k \ge 2$.<br>Рассмотрим возможные значения $k$:<br>1. Если $k = 3$:<br>$3(x - 3 + 1) = 33$<br>$x - 2 = 11$<br>$x = 13$<br>Проверим условие $x &gt; k$: $13 &gt; 3$. Условие выполняется. Это возможное решение.<br>2. Если $k = 11$:<br>$11(x - 11 + 1) = 33$<br>$x - 10 = 3$<br>$x = 13$<br>Проверим условие $x &gt; k$: $13 &gt; 11$. Условие выполняется. Это также возможное решение.<br>3. Если $k = 33$:<br>$33(x - 33 + 1) = 33$<br>$x - 32 = 1$<br>$x = 33$<br>Проверим условие $x &gt; k$: $33 &gt; 33$. Условие не выполняется, так как $33$ не больше $33$. Этот случай не подходит.<br>Таким образом, возможны два сценария: 3 белки собрали по 13 орехов, или 11 белок собрали по 13 орехов. В обоих случаях количество орехов, собранных каждой белкой ($x$), равно 13.<br><br><strong>Ответ:</strong> Каждая белка собрала 13 орехов.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>а)</strong></p><p>Найдем общее количество диагоналей в заданных многоугольниках.<br>Формула для числа диагоналей $D$ в выпуклом $k$-угольнике: $D_k = \frac{k(k-3)}{2}$.<br>1. Для четырехугольника ($k=4$):<br>$D_4 = \frac{4(4-3)}{2} = \frac{4 \cdot 1}{2} = 2$ диагонали.<br>2. Для пятиугольника ($k=5$):<br>$D_5 = \frac{5(5-3)}{2} = \frac{5 \cdot 2}{2} = 5$ диагоналей.<br>3. Для $n$-угольника ($k=n$):<br>$D_n = \frac{n(n-3)}{2}$ диагоналей.<br>Сумма диагоналей всех трех многоугольников не больше 100. Составим неравенство:<br>$D_4 + D_5 + D_n \le 100$<br>$2 + 5 + \frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 100$<br>$7 + \frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 100$<br>$\frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 93$<br>$n(n-3) \le 186$<br>$n^2 - 3n - 186 \le 0$<br>Чтобы решить это квадратное неравенство, найдем корни соответствующего уравнения $n^2 - 3n - 186 = 0$.<br>Используем формулу для корней квадратного уравнения $n = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$:<br>$n = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{(-3)^2 - 4(1)(-186)}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{9 + 744}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{753}}{2}$<br>Так как $n$ (число сторон) должно быть положительным, нас интересует только положительный корень: $n = \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2}$.<br>Оценим значение $\sqrt{753}$. Мы знаем, что $27^2 = 729$ и $28^2 = 784$. Следовательно, $27 &lt; \sqrt{753} &lt; 28$.<br>Тогда $n_2 = \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2} \approx \frac{3 + 27.4}{2} \approx 15.2$.<br>Неравенство $n^2 - 3n - 186 \le 0$ выполняется для $n$, находящихся между корнями. Учитывая, что $n>0$, получаем $0 &lt; n \le \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2}$.<br>Поскольку $n$ — это целое число, то $n \le 15$.<br>По условию задачи, $n &gt; 5$.<br>Таким образом, мы ищем целые числа $n$, которые удовлетворяют условию $5 &lt; n \le 15$.<br>Наименьшее целое число в этом диапазоне — это 6.<br>Наибольшее целое число в этом диапазоне — это 15.<br>Следовательно, наименьшее число сторон, которое мог иметь $n$-угольник, равно 6, а наибольшее — 15.<br><br><strong>Ответ:</strong> Наименьшее число сторон — 6, наибольшее — 15.</p><p><strong>б)</strong></p><p>Пусть $k$ — количество белок, а $x$ — количество орехов, которое собрала каждая белка. $k$ и $x$ — натуральные числа.<br>Общее количество собранных орехов равно $kx$.<br>По условию, "количество орехов больше числа белок". Будем считать, что это относится к количеству орехов у каждой белки, то есть $x &gt; k$.<br>В процессе переноса "каждая белка передала каждой другой по одному ореху, которые упали". Это означает, что каждая из $k$ белок пыталась передать по одному ореху каждой из $(k-1)$ других белок, и все эти орехи были потеряны.<br>Количество орехов, которые уронила каждая белка, равно $k-1$.<br>Общее количество упавших орехов равно $k \cdot (k-1)$.<br>Изначально у белок было $kx$ орехов. После того как $k(k-1)$ орехов упали, у них осталось 33 ореха.<br>Составим уравнение:<br>$kx - k(k-1) = 33$<br>Вынесем $k$ за скобки:<br>$k(x - (k-1)) = 33$<br>$k(x - k + 1) = 33$<br>Так как $k$ и $x$ — целые числа, то $k$ должен быть делителем числа 33. Делители 33: 1, 3, 11, 33.<br>Поскольку белки передавали орехи "каждая другой", их должно быть как минимум две, то есть $k \ge 2$.<br>Рассмотрим возможные значения $k$:<br>1. Если $k = 3$:<br>$3(x - 3 + 1) = 33$<br>$x - 2 = 11$<br>$x = 13$<br>Проверим условие $x &gt; k$: $13 &gt; 3$. Условие выполняется. Это возможное решение.<br>2. Если $k = 11$:<br>$11(x - 11 + 1) = 33$<br>$x - 10 = 3$<br>$x = 13$<br>Проверим условие $x &gt; k$: $13 &gt; 11$. Условие выполняется. Это также возможное решение.<br>3. Если $k = 33$:<br>$33(x - 33 + 1) = 33$<br>$x - 32 = 1$<br>$x = 33$<br>Проверим условие $x &gt; k$: $33 &gt; 33$. Условие не выполняется, так как $33$ не больше $33$. Этот случай не подходит.<br>Таким образом, возможны два сценария: 3 белки собрали по 13 орехов, или 11 белок собрали по 13 орехов. В обоих случаях количество орехов, собранных каждой белкой ($x$), равно 13.<br><br><strong>Ответ:</strong> Каждая белка собрала 13 орехов.</p>"
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_name" => "Алла"
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                2 => App\Models\Term {#1141
                  #connection: "mysql"
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            }
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              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1145
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                    "id" => 6671
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "name" => "Учебник"
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                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_creative_case" => "учебником"
                      "field_dative_case" => "учебнику"
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                       …2
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            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "name" => "Казахстан"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
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                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
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            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143
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№311 (с. 90)
Условие. №311 (с. 90)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 90, номер 311, Условие

311. a) Построены выпуклые многоугольники: четырехугольник, пятиугольник и $n$-угольник, где $n > 5$. Оказалось, что число, равное сумме диагоналей этих многоугольников, не больше 100. Какое наименьшее и наибольшее число сторон мог иметь $n$-угольник?

б) Белки собрали поровну орехов, причем известно, что количество орехов больше числа белок. При переносе их в дупло каждая белка передала каждой другой по одному ореху, которые упали. Сколько орехов собрала каждая белка, если на хранение всеми белками было перенесено 33 ореха?

Решение. №311 (с. 90)
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 90, номер 311, Решение
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 90, номер 311, Решение (продолжение 2)
Решение 2 (rus). №311 (с. 90)

а)

Найдем общее количество диагоналей в заданных многоугольниках.
Формула для числа диагоналей $D$ в выпуклом $k$-угольнике: $D_k = \frac{k(k-3)}{2}$.
1. Для четырехугольника ($k=4$):
$D_4 = \frac{4(4-3)}{2} = \frac{4 \cdot 1}{2} = 2$ диагонали.
2. Для пятиугольника ($k=5$):
$D_5 = \frac{5(5-3)}{2} = \frac{5 \cdot 2}{2} = 5$ диагоналей.
3. Для $n$-угольника ($k=n$):
$D_n = \frac{n(n-3)}{2}$ диагоналей.
Сумма диагоналей всех трех многоугольников не больше 100. Составим неравенство:
$D_4 + D_5 + D_n \le 100$
$2 + 5 + \frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 100$
$7 + \frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 100$
$\frac{n(n-3)}{2} \le 93$
$n(n-3) \le 186$
$n^2 - 3n - 186 \le 0$
Чтобы решить это квадратное неравенство, найдем корни соответствующего уравнения $n^2 - 3n - 186 = 0$.
Используем формулу для корней квадратного уравнения $n = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}$:
$n = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{(-3)^2 - 4(1)(-186)}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{9 + 744}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{753}}{2}$
Так как $n$ (число сторон) должно быть положительным, нас интересует только положительный корень: $n = \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2}$.
Оценим значение $\sqrt{753}$. Мы знаем, что $27^2 = 729$ и $28^2 = 784$. Следовательно, $27 < \sqrt{753} < 28$.
Тогда $n_2 = \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2} \approx \frac{3 + 27.4}{2} \approx 15.2$.
Неравенство $n^2 - 3n - 186 \le 0$ выполняется для $n$, находящихся между корнями. Учитывая, что $n>0$, получаем $0 < n \le \frac{3 + \sqrt{753}}{2}$.
Поскольку $n$ — это целое число, то $n \le 15$.
По условию задачи, $n > 5$.
Таким образом, мы ищем целые числа $n$, которые удовлетворяют условию $5 < n \le 15$.
Наименьшее целое число в этом диапазоне — это 6.
Наибольшее целое число в этом диапазоне — это 15.
Следовательно, наименьшее число сторон, которое мог иметь $n$-угольник, равно 6, а наибольшее — 15.

Ответ: Наименьшее число сторон — 6, наибольшее — 15.

б)

Пусть $k$ — количество белок, а $x$ — количество орехов, которое собрала каждая белка. $k$ и $x$ — натуральные числа.
Общее количество собранных орехов равно $kx$.
По условию, "количество орехов больше числа белок". Будем считать, что это относится к количеству орехов у каждой белки, то есть $x > k$.
В процессе переноса "каждая белка передала каждой другой по одному ореху, которые упали". Это означает, что каждая из $k$ белок пыталась передать по одному ореху каждой из $(k-1)$ других белок, и все эти орехи были потеряны.
Количество орехов, которые уронила каждая белка, равно $k-1$.
Общее количество упавших орехов равно $k \cdot (k-1)$.
Изначально у белок было $kx$ орехов. После того как $k(k-1)$ орехов упали, у них осталось 33 ореха.
Составим уравнение:
$kx - k(k-1) = 33$
Вынесем $k$ за скобки:
$k(x - (k-1)) = 33$
$k(x - k + 1) = 33$
Так как $k$ и $x$ — целые числа, то $k$ должен быть делителем числа 33. Делители 33: 1, 3, 11, 33.
Поскольку белки передавали орехи "каждая другой", их должно быть как минимум две, то есть $k \ge 2$.
Рассмотрим возможные значения $k$:
1. Если $k = 3$:
$3(x - 3 + 1) = 33$
$x - 2 = 11$
$x = 13$
Проверим условие $x > k$: $13 > 3$. Условие выполняется. Это возможное решение.
2. Если $k = 11$:
$11(x - 11 + 1) = 33$
$x - 10 = 3$
$x = 13$
Проверим условие $x > k$: $13 > 11$. Условие выполняется. Это также возможное решение.
3. Если $k = 33$:
$33(x - 33 + 1) = 33$
$x - 32 = 1$
$x = 33$
Проверим условие $x > k$: $33 > 33$. Условие не выполняется, так как $33$ не больше $33$. Этот случай не подходит.
Таким образом, возможны два сценария: 3 белки собрали по 13 орехов, или 11 белок собрали по 13 орехов. В обоих случаях количество орехов, собранных каждой белкой ($x$), равно 13.

Ответ: Каждая белка собрала 13 орехов.

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