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Номер 342, страница 104 - гдз по алгебре 9 класс учебник Солтан, Солтан
Авторы: Солтан Г. Н., Солтан А. Е., Жумадилова А. Ж.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Кокшетау
Год издания: 2019 - 2026
ISBN: 978-601-317-424-2
Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
III. Последовательности. 14. Метод математической индукции - номер 342, страница 104.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1108064 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-342" "field_display_title" => "342" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1107653 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Последовательности" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1040 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 542 "class_subject" => 386 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1041} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1043} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1047} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1051} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ …4] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1066} "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 542 "class_subject" => 386 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1107653 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Последовательности" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1107653 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Последовательности" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1073 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 #items: array:3 [ …3] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 #items: array:1 [ …1] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1085} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1087} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1099 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1107653 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Последовательности" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1101} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1102 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1107655 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "14. Метод математической индукции" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "101" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1117 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1123 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1124 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1125 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1126 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1127 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ …1] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ …1] "field_covers" => array:1 [ …1] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1131 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1134 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1107653 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Последовательности" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1107653 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "III. Последовательности" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1135 …2} "field_page_start" => "92" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1137 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1107655 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "14. Метод математической индукции" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103} "field_page_start" => "101" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1133} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1158 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1276697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1159 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4953 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4953 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108064" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>342.</strong> Найдите ошибки в рассуждениях ученика: «Докажем, что при любом $n \in N$ число $2n + 2019$ – четное. Предположим, что при $n = k$ число $2k + 2019$ – четное. Тогда при $n = k + 1$ число $2(k+1)+2019=(2k+2019)+2$ – четное, как сумма двух четных чисел. Утверждение доказано».</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "342-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1549" "height" => 397 "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/0-1/342-1.webp?ts=1752834377" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1276697 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108064" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>342.</strong> Найдите ошибки в рассуждениях ученика: «Докажем, что при любом $n \in N$ число $2n + 2019$ – четное. Предположим, что при $n = k$ число $2k + 2019$ – четное. Тогда при $n = k + 1$ число $2(k+1)+2019=(2k+2019)+2$ – четное, как сумма двух четных чисел. Утверждение доказано».</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "342-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1549" "height" => 397 "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/0-1/342-1.webp?ts=1752834377" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1165 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1277988 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1166 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 4954 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 4954 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "image" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный" "field_moderator" => "pasha" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171 …2} "field_process_formula" => "" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108064" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "342-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1335" "height" => 436 "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/1-1/342-1.webp?ts=1752831083" ] ] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1277988 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108064" "type" => "task" ] "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "342-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1335" "height" => 436 "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/1-1/342-1.webp?ts=1752831083" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Element {#1173 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1553943 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1174 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 5665 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2 (rus)" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 5665 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение 2 (rus)" "field_order" => "3" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1177 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => null "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "2-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1178 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108064" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Рассуждение ученика является попыткой применить метод математической индукции. Этот метод состоит из двух ключевых шагов: <strong>базы индукции</strong> и <strong>индукционного перехода</strong>. В представленном решении допущены фундаментальные ошибки.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Отсутствие проверки базы индукции</p><p>Любое доказательство по методу математической индукции должно начинаться с проверки утверждения для наименьшего натурального числа, то есть для $n=1$. Этот шаг называется базой индукции. Ученик полностью пропустил этот шаг и сразу перешел к индукционному переходу (предположению для $n=k$ и доказательству для $n=k+1$). Без доказанной базы индукции все дальнейшие рассуждения, даже если они формально верны, не имеют смысла, так как индукционной цепочке не на что опереться.</p><p>Давайте проверим базу индукции сами. Для $n=1$ имеем:</p><p>$2 \cdot 1 + 2019 = 2 + 2019 = 2021$</p><p>Число 2021 является нечетным. Следовательно, доказываемое утверждение ложно уже для первого натурального числа.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Ложность самого доказываемого утверждения</p><p>Утверждение «при любом $n \in N$ число $2n+2019$ — четное» является неверным по своей сути. Разберем выражение $2n + 2019$:</p><ul><li>Слагаемое $2n$ является произведением натурального числа $n$ на 2, поэтому оно всегда будет четным.</li><li>Слагаемое 2019 является нечетным числом.</li></ul><p>Сумма четного и нечетного чисел всегда дает в результате нечетное число. Таким образом, выражение $2n + 2019$ будет нечетным для любого натурального $n$, и доказать его четность невозможно.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Корректность, но бессмысленность индукционного перехода</p><p>Шаг индукционного перехода, который выполнил ученик, формально правильный. Он показал, что если $2k + 2019$ — четное (индукционное предположение), то и $2(k+1) + 2019 = (2k + 2019) + 2$ тоже будет четным, как сумма двух четных чисел. Логический переход $P(k) \Rightarrow P(k+1)$ здесь верен.</p><p>Однако, поскольку индукционное предположение («$2k + 2019$ — четное») никогда не выполняется ни для одного натурального $k$, этот правильный логический шаг становится бессмысленным. Он доказывает, что из ложного утверждения следует ложное, что не помогает доказать исходное утверждение.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Главная ошибка в рассуждениях — это полное отсутствие проверки <strong>базы индукции</strong> (случай $n=1$), которая является обязательной частью доказательства по методу математической индукции. Если бы ученик проверил утверждение для $n=1$, он бы обнаружил, что оно ложно ($2 \cdot 1 + 2019 = 2021$ — нечетное), и дальнейшее доказательство не имело бы смысла. Кроме того, само утверждение в корне неверно, так как сумма четного числа ($2n$) и нечетного числа (2019) всегда является нечетным числом.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1553943 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1183} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108064" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Рассуждение ученика является попыткой применить метод математической индукции. Этот метод состоит из двух ключевых шагов: <strong>базы индукции</strong> и <strong>индукционного перехода</strong>. В представленном решении допущены фундаментальные ошибки.</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Отсутствие проверки базы индукции</p><p>Любое доказательство по методу математической индукции должно начинаться с проверки утверждения для наименьшего натурального числа, то есть для $n=1$. Этот шаг называется базой индукции. Ученик полностью пропустил этот шаг и сразу перешел к индукционному переходу (предположению для $n=k$ и доказательству для $n=k+1$). Без доказанной базы индукции все дальнейшие рассуждения, даже если они формально верны, не имеют смысла, так как индукционной цепочке не на что опереться.</p><p>Давайте проверим базу индукции сами. Для $n=1$ имеем:</p><p>$2 \cdot 1 + 2019 = 2 + 2019 = 2021$</p><p>Число 2021 является нечетным. Следовательно, доказываемое утверждение ложно уже для первого натурального числа.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Ложность самого доказываемого утверждения</p><p>Утверждение «при любом $n \in N$ число $2n+2019$ — четное» является неверным по своей сути. Разберем выражение $2n + 2019$:</p><ul><li>Слагаемое $2n$ является произведением натурального числа $n$ на 2, поэтому оно всегда будет четным.</li><li>Слагаемое 2019 является нечетным числом.</li></ul><p>Сумма четного и нечетного чисел всегда дает в результате нечетное число. Таким образом, выражение $2n + 2019$ будет нечетным для любого натурального $n$, и доказать его четность невозможно.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> Корректность, но бессмысленность индукционного перехода</p><p>Шаг индукционного перехода, который выполнил ученик, формально правильный. Он показал, что если $2k + 2019$ — четное (индукционное предположение), то и $2(k+1) + 2019 = (2k + 2019) + 2$ тоже будет четным, как сумма двух четных чисел. Логический переход $P(k) \Rightarrow P(k+1)$ здесь верен.</p><p>Однако, поскольку индукционное предположение («$2k + 2019$ — четное») никогда не выполняется ни для одного натурального $k$, этот правильный логический шаг становится бессмысленным. Он доказывает, что из ложного утверждения следует ложное, что не помогает доказать исходное утверждение.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Главная ошибка в рассуждениях — это полное отсутствие проверки <strong>базы индукции</strong> (случай $n=1$), которая является обязательной частью доказательства по методу математической индукции. Если бы ученик проверил утверждение для $n=1$, он бы обнаружил, что оно ложно ($2 \cdot 1 + 2019 = 2021$ — нечетное), и дальнейшее доказательство не имело бы смысла. Кроме того, само утверждение в корне неверно, так как сумма четного числа ($2n$) и нечетного числа (2019) всегда является нечетным числом.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108065" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108063" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1155 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1140 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6471 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Алгебра" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "algebra" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6471 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Алгебра" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "algebra" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1146 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1144 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 7002 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кокшетау" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "Kokshetau" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 7002 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кокшетау" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "Kokshetau" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 #items: array:3 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1143 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 7003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Солтан" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Генадий" "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 7003 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Солтан" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Генадий" "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1149 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 7004 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Солтан" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Алла" "field_patronymic" => "Евгеньевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 7004 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Солтан" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Алла" "field_patronymic" => "Евгеньевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1147 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 7005 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Жумадилова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Аманбала" "field_patronymic" => "Жумадиловна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 7005 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Жумадилова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Аманбала" "field_patronymic" => "Жумадиловна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1152 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1153 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 6994 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Казахстан" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "kazakhstan" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 6994 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Казахстан" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "kazakhstan" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1181 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] 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} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452" "alt" => "" "width" => "1940" "height" => "2895" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 542 "class_subject" => 386 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 4298 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1145} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1184} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1185} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1186} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1187} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2019" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "" "field_part_writing" => "" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ" "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан" "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1291" "field_priority" => "4" "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/" "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2" "field_cover" => array:1 [ 0 => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [ 0 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452" "alt" => "" "width" => "1940" "height" => "2895" ] ] "field_popular_book" => null "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1191} "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1192} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 542 "class_subject" => 386 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1200 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1199 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1097846 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/page-104" "field_display_title" => "104" "field_folder" => "folder1" "field_image_name" => "104" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1155} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1212 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1260997 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1260997 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1097847" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1097845" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1369 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1381 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1108063 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/vopr-104" "field_display_title" => "Вопросы" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1382 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1383 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1384 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1385 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1395 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1402 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1108063 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/vopr-104" "field_display_title" => "Вопросы" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1382 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1383 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1384 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1385 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1395 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1402 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1386 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1108064 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-342" "field_display_title" => "342" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1388 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1387 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1393 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1392 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1391 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1389 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1108064 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-342" "field_display_title" => "342" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1388 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1387 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1393 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1392 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1391 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1389 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1390 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1108065 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-343" "field_display_title" => "343" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1396 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1394 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1401 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1403 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1400 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1415 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1108065 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-343" "field_display_title" => "343" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1396 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1394 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1401 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1403 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1400 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1415 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1397 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1108066 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-344" "field_display_title" => "344" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1399 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1414 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1416 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1412 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1411 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1429 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1108066 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-344" "field_display_title" => "344" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1399 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1414 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1416 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1412 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1411 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1429 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1413 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1108067 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-345" "field_display_title" => "345" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1398 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1428 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1430 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1426 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1425 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1443 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1108067 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-345" "field_display_title" => "345" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1398 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1428 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1430 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1426 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1425 …2} "next" => array:2 [ …2] "previous" => array:2 [ …2] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1443 …2} "page" => array:2 [ …2] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1097846 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/page-104" "field_display_title" => "104" "field_folder" => "folder1" "field_image_name" => "104" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1097847" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1097845" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1369} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1108064 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "104" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-342" "field_display_title" => "342" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108065" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1108063" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1195} "page" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1097846" "type" => "book_page" ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№342 (с. 104)
Условие. №342 (с. 104)
скриншот условия
342. Найдите ошибки в рассуждениях ученика: «Докажем, что при любом $n \in N$ число $2n + 2019$ – четное. Предположим, что при $n = k$ число $2k + 2019$ – четное. Тогда при $n = k + 1$ число $2(k+1)+2019=(2k+2019)+2$ – четное, как сумма двух четных чисел. Утверждение доказано».
Решение. №342 (с. 104)
Решение 2 (rus). №342 (с. 104)
Рассуждение ученика является попыткой применить метод математической индукции. Этот метод состоит из двух ключевых шагов: базы индукции и индукционного перехода. В представленном решении допущены фундаментальные ошибки.
1. Отсутствие проверки базы индукции
Любое доказательство по методу математической индукции должно начинаться с проверки утверждения для наименьшего натурального числа, то есть для $n=1$. Этот шаг называется базой индукции. Ученик полностью пропустил этот шаг и сразу перешел к индукционному переходу (предположению для $n=k$ и доказательству для $n=k+1$). Без доказанной базы индукции все дальнейшие рассуждения, даже если они формально верны, не имеют смысла, так как индукционной цепочке не на что опереться.
Давайте проверим базу индукции сами. Для $n=1$ имеем:
$2 \cdot 1 + 2019 = 2 + 2019 = 2021$
Число 2021 является нечетным. Следовательно, доказываемое утверждение ложно уже для первого натурального числа.
2. Ложность самого доказываемого утверждения
Утверждение «при любом $n \in N$ число $2n+2019$ — четное» является неверным по своей сути. Разберем выражение $2n + 2019$:
- Слагаемое $2n$ является произведением натурального числа $n$ на 2, поэтому оно всегда будет четным.
- Слагаемое 2019 является нечетным числом.
Сумма четного и нечетного чисел всегда дает в результате нечетное число. Таким образом, выражение $2n + 2019$ будет нечетным для любого натурального $n$, и доказать его четность невозможно.
3. Корректность, но бессмысленность индукционного перехода
Шаг индукционного перехода, который выполнил ученик, формально правильный. Он показал, что если $2k + 2019$ — четное (индукционное предположение), то и $2(k+1) + 2019 = (2k + 2019) + 2$ тоже будет четным, как сумма двух четных чисел. Логический переход $P(k) \Rightarrow P(k+1)$ здесь верен.
Однако, поскольку индукционное предположение («$2k + 2019$ — четное») никогда не выполняется ни для одного натурального $k$, этот правильный логический шаг становится бессмысленным. Он доказывает, что из ложного утверждения следует ложное, что не помогает доказать исходное утверждение.
Ответ: Главная ошибка в рассуждениях — это полное отсутствие проверки базы индукции (случай $n=1$), которая является обязательной частью доказательства по методу математической индукции. Если бы ученик проверил утверждение для $n=1$, он бы обнаружил, что оно ложно ($2 \cdot 1 + 2019 = 2021$ — нечетное), и дальнейшее доказательство не имело бы смысла. Кроме того, само утверждение в корне неверно, так как сумма четного числа ($2n$) и нечетного числа (2019) всегда является нечетным числом.
Другие задания:
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