Занимательные задачи 1, страница 247 - гдз по алгебре 9 класс учебник Солтан, Солтан

Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019

Авторы: Солтан Г. Н., Солтан А. Е., Жумадилова А. Ж.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Кокшетау

Год издания: 2019 - 2026

ISBN: 978-601-317-424-2

Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан

V. Элементы теории вероятностей. 34. Упражнения на повторение раздела «Элементы теории вероятностей» - страница 247.

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            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194
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                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1185
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188
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                    "title" => "Решение"
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                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1188}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Неизвестный"
                    "field_moderator" => "pasha"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "1-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1190}
                    "field_process_formula" => ""
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                    0 => "*"
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            "id" => 1278931
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1194}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1108645"
              "type" => "task"
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            "img" => array:1 [
              0 => array:5 [
                "name" => "1-1.jpg"
                "alt" => null
                "width" => "1240"
                "height" => 887
                "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/1-zad247/1-1.webp?ts=1752832086"
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        }
        2 => App\Models\Element {#1192
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          #attributes: array:6 [
            "id" => 1554880
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1193
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5665
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2 (rus)"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199
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                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 5665
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Решение 2 (rus)"
                    "field_order" => "3"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1196}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text"
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                    "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro"
                    "field_moderator" => "tolik"
                    "field_edition_type" => "solution"
                    "field_root_dir" => "2-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1197}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1198}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1199}
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                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #visible: []
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1108645"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>Верно ли неравенство $(1 + a)^n \ge 1 + na$, где $a\in\mathbb{R}, n\in\mathbb{N}$?</strong> Нет, данное неравенство неверно в общем случае для всех действительных $a$. Чтобы это доказать, достаточно привести один контрпример. Возьмем $a = -4$ и $n = 3$.<br>Подставим эти значения в левую часть неравенства:<br>$(1 + a)^n = (1 + (-4))^3 = (-3)^3 = -27$.<br>Теперь подставим их в правую часть:<br>$1 + na = 1 + 3 \cdot (-4) = 1 - 12 = -11$.<br>В результате мы получаем ложное неравенство $-27 \ge -11$. Следовательно, утверждение, что $(1 + a)^n \ge 1 + na$ верно для любых $a \in \mathbb{R}$ и $n \in \mathbb{N}$, является неверным.<br>Ответ: Нет, неверно.</p><p><strong>Если неверно, то в чем ошибся Макар?</strong> Ошибка в рассуждениях Макара находится в пункте 3 (индукционный переход). При доказательстве шага от $n=k$ к $n=k+1$, он умножает обе части неравенства $(1 + a)^k \ge 1 + ka$ (которое предполагается верным) на множитель $(1+a)$. В результате он получает $(1 + a)^k \cdot (1 + a) \ge (1 + ka) \cdot (1 + a)$.<br>Однако, эта операция (умножение обеих частей неравенства на число с сохранением знака неравенства) является корректной только в том случае, если множитель неотрицателен, то есть $(1+a) \ge 0$. Макар не рассмотрел случай, когда $(1+a) &lt; 0$ (что соответствует $a &lt; -1$). В этом случае при умножении на отрицательное число знак неравенства должен измениться на противоположный. Именно из-за этого упущения его доказательство оказывается неверным для $a &lt; -1$, а само обобщенное неравенство не выполняется.<br>Ответ: Ошибка заключается в том, что при выполнении индукционного перехода Макар умножил неравенство на $(1+a)$, не учтя, что это выражение может быть отрицательным (при $a &lt; -1$), что требует изменения знака неравенства на противоположный.</p>"
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          #original: array:6 [
            "id" => 1554880
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1202}
            "task" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1108645"
              "type" => "task"
            ]
            "text" => "<p><strong>Верно ли неравенство $(1 + a)^n \ge 1 + na$, где $a\in\mathbb{R}, n\in\mathbb{N}$?</strong> Нет, данное неравенство неверно в общем случае для всех действительных $a$. Чтобы это доказать, достаточно привести один контрпример. Возьмем $a = -4$ и $n = 3$.<br>Подставим эти значения в левую часть неравенства:<br>$(1 + a)^n = (1 + (-4))^3 = (-3)^3 = -27$.<br>Теперь подставим их в правую часть:<br>$1 + na = 1 + 3 \cdot (-4) = 1 - 12 = -11$.<br>В результате мы получаем ложное неравенство $-27 \ge -11$. Следовательно, утверждение, что $(1 + a)^n \ge 1 + na$ верно для любых $a \in \mathbb{R}$ и $n \in \mathbb{N}$, является неверным.<br>Ответ: Нет, неверно.</p><p><strong>Если неверно, то в чем ошибся Макар?</strong> Ошибка в рассуждениях Макара находится в пункте 3 (индукционный переход). При доказательстве шага от $n=k$ к $n=k+1$, он умножает обе части неравенства $(1 + a)^k \ge 1 + ka$ (которое предполагается верным) на множитель $(1+a)$. В результате он получает $(1 + a)^k \cdot (1 + a) \ge (1 + ka) \cdot (1 + a)$.<br>Однако, эта операция (умножение обеих частей неравенства на число с сохранением знака неравенства) является корректной только в том случае, если множитель неотрицателен, то есть $(1+a) \ge 0$. Макар не рассмотрел случай, когда $(1+a) &lt; 0$ (что соответствует $a &lt; -1$). В этом случае при умножении на отрицательное число знак неравенства должен измениться на противоположный. Именно из-за этого упущения его доказательство оказывается неверным для $a &lt; -1$, а само обобщенное неравенство не выполняется.<br>Ответ: Ошибка заключается в том, что при выполнении индукционного перехода Макар умножил неравенство на $(1+a)$, не учтя, что это выражение может быть отрицательным (при $a &lt; -1$), что требует изменения знака неравенства на противоположный.</p>"
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    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\Book {#1174
          #connection: "mysql"
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          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: false
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          #attributes: array:50 [
            "id" => 4298
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
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            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1166
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
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                  #perPage: 15
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6471
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Алгебра"
                    "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "алгебру"
                      "field_creative_case" => "алгеброй"
                      "field_dative_case" => "алгебре"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "алгебры"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "алгебра"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "алгебре"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject"
                    "field_translit" => "algebra"
                  ]
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                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Алгебра"
                    "field_abbreviated_name" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "алгебру"
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                      "field_dative_case" => "алгебре"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "алгебры"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "алгебра"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "алгебре"
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                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
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                    0 => "*"
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              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1175
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 5458
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "9"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "девятый"
                      "field_creative_case" => "девятым"
                      "field_dative_case" => "девятому"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "девятого"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "девятый"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом"
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "devjatyj"
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                    "id" => 5458
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "9"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "девятый"
                      "field_creative_case" => "девятым"
                      "field_dative_case" => "девятому"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "девятого"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "девятый"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "девятом"
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                    "field_translit" => "devjatyj"
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                    0 => "*"
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              ]
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            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1169
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Кокшетау"
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                      "field_genitive_case" => null
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                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "Kokshetau"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
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                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Кокшетау"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => null
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                    0 => "*"
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                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
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            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1170
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
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                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
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                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7003
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Солтан"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Генадий"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7003
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Солтан"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Генадий"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                1 => App\Models\Term {#1200
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7004
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Солтан"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Алла"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Евгеньевна"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7004
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Солтан"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Алла"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Евгеньевна"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
                2 => App\Models\Term {#1201
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7005
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Жумадилова"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Аманбала"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Жумадиловна"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:12 [
                    "id" => 7005
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Жумадилова"
                    "field_bio" => null
                    "field_degree_rp" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                    "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                    "field_name" => "Аманбала"
                    "field_patronymic" => "Жумадиловна"
                    "field_surname_rp" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1205
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6671
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Учебник"
                    "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_creative_case" => "учебником"
                      "field_dative_case" => "учебнику"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "учебника"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                    ]
                    "field_plural_form" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
                  #original: array:10 [
                    "id" => 6671
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Учебник"
                    "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_creative_case" => "учебником"
                      "field_dative_case" => "учебнику"
                      "field_genitive_case" => "учебника"
                      "field_nominative_case" => "учебник"
                      "field_prepositional_case" => "учебнике"
                    ]
                    "field_plural_form" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                    "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                    "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1207
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 6994
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Казахстан"
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                      "field_accusative_case" => null
                      "field_creative_case" => null
                      "field_dative_case" => null
                      "field_genitive_case" => null
                      "field_nominative_case" => null
                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 6994
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Казахстан"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => null
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                      "field_dative_case" => null
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                      "field_nominative_case" => null
                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "kazakhstan"
                  ]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
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                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1209
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 6995
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Алматы"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => null
                      "field_creative_case" => null
                      "field_dative_case" => null
                      "field_genitive_case" => null
                      "field_nominative_case" => null
                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "almaty"
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 6995
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Алматы"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [
                      "field_accusative_case" => null
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                      "field_dative_case" => null
                      "field_genitive_case" => null
                      "field_nominative_case" => null
                      "field_prepositional_case" => null
                    ]
                    "field_translit" => "almaty"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
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                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_publication_number" => null
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ"
            "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
            "field_reserve_field" => null
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "1291"
            "field_priority" => "4"
            "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/"
            "field_isbn" => "978-601-317-424-2"
            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1940"
                "height" => "2895"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => null
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
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            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 380
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              "class_subject" => 386
            ]
          ]
          #original: array:50 [
            "id" => 4298
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
            "field_pages_status" => null
            "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167}
            "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1173}
            "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171}
            "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172}
            "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1203}
            "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1204}
            "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206}
            "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1208}
            "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210}
            "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211}
            "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212}
            "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1213}
            "field_publication_number" => null
            "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214}
            "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1215}
            "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
            "field_cover_description" => null
            "field_publication_year" => "2019"
            "field_publication_year_until" => null
            "field_part" => ""
            "field_part_writing" => ""
            "field_second_foreign_language" => null
            "field_for_whom" => "Учебник для учащихся 9 класса общеобразовательных школ"
            "field_allowed" => "Рекомендовано Министерством образования и науки Республики Казахстан"
            "field_reserve_field" => null
            "field_link_to_source" => null
            "field_tasks_count" => "1291"
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            "field_default_folder" => "/algebra_09/soltan-u19/"
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            "field_cover" => array:1 [
              0 => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452"
            ]
            "field_cover_alts" => array:1 [
              0 => ""
            ]
            "field_covers" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "path" => "/media/algebra_09/soltan-u19/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1752140452"
                "alt" => ""
                "width" => "1940"
                "height" => "2895"
              ]
            ]
            "field_popular_book" => null
            "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216}
            "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217}
            "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218}
            "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik"
            "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219}
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
              "class" => 380
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              "class_subject" => 386
            ]
          ]
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #visible: []
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            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236
      #items: array:1 [
        0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1235
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "book_pages"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
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          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:21 [
            "id" => 1097989
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_page_start" => "247"
            "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/page-247"
            "field_display_title" => "247"
            "field_folder" => "folder1"
            "field_image_name" => "247"
            "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_weight" => "0"
            "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1174}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1249
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Element {#1248
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "elements"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1261140
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "book_page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1097989"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                    "img" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:5 [ …5]
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:6 [
                    "id" => 1261140
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1250}
                    "book_page" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1097989"
                      "type" => "book_page"
                    ]
                    "img" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:5 [ …5]
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "next" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1097990"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "previous" => array:2 [
              "refs" => "1097988"
              "type" => "book_page"
            ]
            "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1432
              #items: array:3 [
                0 => App\Models\Task {#1442
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "tasks"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1108644
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_page_start" => "247"
                    "field_page_end" => null
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/algebra/kokshetau-soltan-uchebnik/1-892"
                    "field_display_title" => "892"
                    "field_outside_task" => null
                    "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1446
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "field_match" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => []
                    "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1445
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1444
                      #items: array:1 [ …1]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1447
                      #items: array:2 [ …2]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1450
                      #items: array:3 [ …3]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "next" => array:2 [
                      "refs" => "1108645"
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Занимательные задачи 1 (с. 247)
Условие. Занимательные задачи 1 (с. 247)
скриншот условия
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 247, Условие

1) На обратной стороне карточки записано двузначное число. Какова вероятность угадать, что сумма его цифр равна пяти?

Решение. Занимательные задачи 1 (с. 247)
Алгебра, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Солтан Генадий Николаевич, Солтан Алла Евгеньевна, Жумадилова Аманбала Жумадиловна, издательство Кокшетау, Алматы, 2019, страница 247, Решение
Решение 2 (rus). Занимательные задачи 1 (с. 247)

Верно ли неравенство $(1 + a)^n \ge 1 + na$, где $a\in\mathbb{R}, n\in\mathbb{N}$? Нет, данное неравенство неверно в общем случае для всех действительных $a$. Чтобы это доказать, достаточно привести один контрпример. Возьмем $a = -4$ и $n = 3$.
Подставим эти значения в левую часть неравенства:
$(1 + a)^n = (1 + (-4))^3 = (-3)^3 = -27$.
Теперь подставим их в правую часть:
$1 + na = 1 + 3 \cdot (-4) = 1 - 12 = -11$.
В результате мы получаем ложное неравенство $-27 \ge -11$. Следовательно, утверждение, что $(1 + a)^n \ge 1 + na$ верно для любых $a \in \mathbb{R}$ и $n \in \mathbb{N}$, является неверным.
Ответ: Нет, неверно.

Если неверно, то в чем ошибся Макар? Ошибка в рассуждениях Макара находится в пункте 3 (индукционный переход). При доказательстве шага от $n=k$ к $n=k+1$, он умножает обе части неравенства $(1 + a)^k \ge 1 + ka$ (которое предполагается верным) на множитель $(1+a)$. В результате он получает $(1 + a)^k \cdot (1 + a) \ge (1 + ka) \cdot (1 + a)$.
Однако, эта операция (умножение обеих частей неравенства на число с сохранением знака неравенства) является корректной только в том случае, если множитель неотрицателен, то есть $(1+a) \ge 0$. Макар не рассмотрел случай, когда $(1+a) < 0$ (что соответствует $a < -1$). В этом случае при умножении на отрицательное число знак неравенства должен измениться на противоположный. Именно из-за этого упущения его доказательство оказывается неверным для $a < -1$, а само обобщенное неравенство не выполняется.
Ответ: Ошибка заключается в том, что при выполнении индукционного перехода Макар умножил неравенство на $(1+a)$, не учтя, что это выражение может быть отрицательным (при $a < -1$), что требует изменения знака неравенства на противоположный.

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