Повторим изученное, страница 185, часть 1 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Белага, Воронцова

Авторы: Белага В. В., Воронцова Н. И., Ломаченков И. А., Панебратцев Ю. А.

Тип: Учебник

Издательство: Просвещение

Год издания: 2024 - 2026

Уровень обучения: углублённый

Часть: 1

Цвет обложки: голубой

ISBN: 978-5-09-121759-9

Часть 1. Глава 5. Законы сохранения в механике. Параграф 45. Энергия. Потенциальная энергия - страница 185.

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                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1133
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 5153
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Просвещение"
                            "field_cases" => null
                            "field_translit" => "prosveschenie"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134
                      #items: array:4 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1135
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 3824
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Белага"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Виктория"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 3824
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Белага"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Виктория"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Владимировна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        1 => App\Models\Term {#1136
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4049
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Воронцова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Наталия"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Игоревна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 4049
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Воронцова"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Наталия"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Игоревна"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        2 => App\Models\Term {#1137
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5014
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ломаченков"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Иван"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5014
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Ломаченков"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Иван"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => null
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                        3 => App\Models\Term {#1138
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5412
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Панебратцев"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Юрий"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева"
                          ]
                          #original: array:12 [
                            "id" => 5412
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Панебратцев"
                            "field_bio" => null
                            "field_degree_rp" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_name" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null
                            "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null
                            "field_name" => "Юрий"
                            "field_patronymic" => "Анатольевич"
                            "field_surname_rp" => "Панебратцева"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1141
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 6671
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Учебник"
                            "field_book_type_foreign" => null
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_plural_form" => null
                            "field_short_name" => null
                            "field_short_name_foreign" => null
                            "field_translit" => "uchebnik"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1143
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 9
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Россия"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "rossiya"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1145
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 15
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "Москва"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "moskva"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1149
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 39
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "углублённый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "uglublennyy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 39
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "углублённый"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "uglublennyy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1151
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:10 [
                            "id" => 25
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (новый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => "красный"
                            "field_end_year" => "2027"
                            "field_start_year" => "2023"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos"
                            "field_type" => "новый"
                          ]
                          #original: array:10 [
                            "id" => 25
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "ФГОС (новый)"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_color" => "красный"
                            "field_end_year" => "2027"
                            "field_start_year" => "2023"
                            "field_translit" => "fgos"
                            "field_type" => "новый"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_publication_number" => "2"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1153
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 33
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "стереотипное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 33
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "стереотипное"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "stereotipnoe"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1138}
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2024"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "919"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/belaga-u/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-121759-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:2 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1761256721"
                      1 => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1761256721"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [
                      0 => ""
                      1 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:2 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1761256721"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "2322"
                        "height" => "3039"
                      ]
                      1 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1761256721"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "2308"
                        "height" => "3035"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157
                      #items: []
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/belaga-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158
                      #items: array:1 [
                        0 => App\Models\Term {#1159
                          #connection: "mysql"
                          #table: "terms"
                          #primaryKey: "id"
                          #keyType: "int"
                          +incrementing: false
                          #with: []
                          #withCount: []
                          +preventsLazyLoading: false
                          #perPage: 15
                          +exists: true
                          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                          #attributes: array:6 [
                            "id" => 52
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "голубой"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "goluboy"
                          ]
                          #original: array:6 [
                            "id" => 52
                            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                            "updated_at" => null
                            "name" => "голубой"
                            "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                            "field_translit" => "goluboy"
                          ]
                          #changes: []
                          #casts: []
                          #classCastCache: []
                          #attributeCastCache: []
                          #dateFormat: null
                          #appends: []
                          #dispatchesEvents: []
                          #observables: []
                          #relations: []
                          #touches: []
                          +timestamps: true
                          +usesUniqueIds: false
                          #hidden: []
                          #visible: []
                          #fillable: []
                          #guarded: array:1 [
                            0 => "*"
                          ]
                        }
                      ]
                      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                    }
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 380
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 493
                    ]
                  ]
                  #original: array:50 [
                    "id" => 1652
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks"
                    "field_pages_status" => null
                    "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1129}
                    "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1130}
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1132}
                    "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1134}
                    "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1139}
                    "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140}
                    "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142}
                    "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144}
                    "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146}
                    "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1147}
                    "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148}
                    "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150}
                    "field_publication_number" => "2"
                    "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1152}
                    "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154}
                    "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null
                    "field_cover_description" => null
                    "field_publication_year" => "2024"
                    "field_publication_year_until" => null
                    "field_part" => "1, 2"
                    "field_part_writing" => "Часть"
                    "field_second_foreign_language" => null
                    "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание"
                    "field_allowed" => null
                    "field_reserve_field" => null
                    "field_link_to_source" => null
                    "field_tasks_count" => "919"
                    "field_priority" => null
                    "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/belaga-u/"
                    "field_isbn" => "978-5-09-121759-9"
                    "field_cover" => array:2 [
                      0 => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1761256721"
                      1 => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1761256721"
                    ]
                    "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [
                      0 => ""
                      1 => ""
                    ]
                    "field_covers" => array:2 [
                      0 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1761256721"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "2322"
                        "height" => "3039"
                      ]
                      1 => array:4 [
                        "path" => "/media/fizika_09/belaga-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1761256721"
                        "alt" => ""
                        "width" => "2308"
                        "height" => "3035"
                      ]
                    ]
                    "field_popular_book" => "0"
                    "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1155}
                    "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156}
                    "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1157}
                    "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/belaga-uchebnik"
                    "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158}
                    "field_metatags_title" => null
                    "field_metatags_description" => null
                    "field_h1" => null
                    "field_description_top" => null
                    "field_description_bottom" => null
                    "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [
                      "class" => 380
                      "subject" => 556
                      "class_subject" => 493
                    ]
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160
              #items: []
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1505744
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => null
            "field_branch_order" => "1"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1128}
            "field_page_start" => "6"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
          #observables: []
          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        1 => App\Models\Branch {#1161
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1505860
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике"
            "field_branch_order" => "5"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1163
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 29
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Глава"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
                  #observables: []
                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "164"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1127}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1035}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1505860
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике"
            "field_branch_order" => "5"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166}
            "field_page_start" => "164"
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            "field_branch_expanded" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164}
          ]
          #changes: []
          #casts: []
          #classCastCache: []
          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
          #appends: []
          #dispatchesEvents: []
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          #relations: []
          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
          +usesUniqueIds: false
          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
        2 => App\Models\Branch {#1167
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "branches"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:24 [
            "id" => 1505875
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Энергия. Потенциальная энергия"
            "field_branch_order" => "45"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Term {#1168
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "terms"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #original: array:7 [
                    "id" => 32
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "name" => "Параграф"
                    "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6]
                    "field_page_check_not_needed" => null
                    "field_short_name" => "§"
                  ]
                  #changes: []
                  #casts: []
                  #classCastCache: []
                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
                  #appends: []
                  #dispatchesEvents: []
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                  #relations: []
                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
                  +usesUniqueIds: false
                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "field_page_start" => "185"
            "field_branch_display" => "0"
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            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
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            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
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            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Book {#1127}
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Branch {#1178
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "branches"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: true
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1505860
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
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                    "field_branch_order" => "5"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "164"
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182 …2}
                  ]
                  #original: array:24 [
                    "id" => 1505860
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике"
                    "field_branch_order" => "5"
                    "field_url" => null
                    "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1180 …2}
                    "field_page_start" => "164"
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                    "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
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                    "field_h1" => null
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                    "field_branch_cover" => []
                    "field_branch_covers" => []
                    "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1181 …2}
                    "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1182 …2}
                  ]
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #touches: []
                  +timestamps: true
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                  #hidden: []
                  #visible: []
                  #fillable: []
                  #guarded: array:1 [
                    0 => "*"
                  ]
                }
              ]
              #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
            }
          ]
          #original: array:24 [
            "id" => 1505875
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "field_display_title" => "Энергия. Потенциальная энергия"
            "field_branch_order" => "45"
            "field_url" => null
            "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1171}
            "field_page_start" => "185"
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            "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1"
            "field_display_task_interval" => "0"
            "field_display_branch_page" => "1"
            "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0"
            "field_navigation_title" => null
            "field_metatags_title" => null
            "field_metatags_description" => null
            "field_h1" => null
            "field_description_top" => null
            "field_description_bottom" => null
            "field_branch_cover" => []
            "field_branch_covers" => []
            "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170}
            "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1179}
          ]
          #changes: []
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          #attributeCastCache: []
          #dateFormat: null
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          #touches: []
          +timestamps: true
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          #hidden: []
          #visible: []
          #fillable: []
          #guarded: array:1 [
            0 => "*"
          ]
        }
      ]
      #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
    }
    "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074
      #items: array:2 [
        0 => App\Models\Element {#1106
          #connection: "mysql"
          #table: "elements"
          #primaryKey: "id"
          #keyType: "int"
          +incrementing: true
          #with: []
          #withCount: []
          +preventsLazyLoading: false
          #perPage: 15
          +exists: true
          +wasRecentlyCreated: false
          #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
          #attributes: array:7 [
            "id" => 1803397
            "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
            "updated_at" => null
            "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098
              #items: array:1 [
                0 => App\Models\Edition {#1090
                  #connection: "mysql"
                  #table: "editions"
                  #primaryKey: "id"
                  #keyType: "int"
                  +incrementing: false
                  #with: []
                  #withCount: []
                  +preventsLazyLoading: false
                  #perPage: 15
                  +exists: true
                  +wasRecentlyCreated: false
                  #escapeWhenCastingToString: false
                  #attributes: array:21 [
                    "id" => 6617
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #original: array:21 [
                    "id" => 6617
                    "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26"
                    "updated_at" => null
                    "title" => "Условие"
                    "field_order" => "1"
                    "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1105 …2}
                    "field_content_type" => "free"
                    "field_content_mode" => "text, image"
                    "field_page_content_mode" => "image"
                    "field_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0"
                    "field_solution_author" => "Автор"
                    "field_moderator" => "stas"
                    "field_edition_type" => "statement"
                    "field_root_dir" => "0-"
                    "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2}
                    "field_comment" => null
                    "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1103 …2}
                    "field_process_formula" => "katex"
                    "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 …2}
                    "field_content_source" => null
                  ]
                  #changes: []
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                  #attributeCastCache: []
                  #dateFormat: null
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                  #observables: []
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Что такое механическая работа?</strong></p><p>Механическая работа — это физическая скалярная величина, которая является количественной мерой действия силы на тело, приводящего к его перемещению. Другими словами, работа совершается тогда, когда приложенная к телу сила вызывает его движение. Работа характеризует процесс передачи энергии от одного тела к другому или превращения одного вида энергии в другой.</p><p>Работа обозначается буквой $\text{A}$. В простейшем случае, когда на тело действует постоянная сила $\text{F}$, и тело перемещается на расстояние $\text{s}$ в направлении действия этой силы, работа вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$A = F \cdot s$</p><p>где:<br>• $\text{A}$ — механическая работа,<br>• $\text{F}$ — модуль приложенной силы,<br>• $\text{s}$ — модуль перемещения тела.</p><p>В общем случае, если вектор силы $\text{F}$ направлен под углом $\alpha$ к вектору перемещения $\text{s}$, то работа определяется как произведение модуля силы на модуль перемещения и на косинус угла между ними:</p><p>$A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$</p><p>Из этой формулы следуют важные выводы о знаке работы:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Работа положительна ($A &gt; 0$)</strong>, если угол $\alpha$ острый ($0^\circ \le \alpha &lt; 90^\circ$). В этом случае проекция силы на направление движения положительна, и сила способствует движению (например, сила тяги).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Работа равна нулю ($A = 0$)</strong>, если выполняется хотя бы одно из условий:<br>• Сила перпендикулярна перемещению ($\alpha = 90^\circ$, так как $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$). Например, сила тяжести не совершает работу, когда тело движется по горизонтальной поверхности.<br>• Перемещение равно нулю ($s = 0$). Если вы толкаете стену, но она не двигается, механическая работа не совершается.<br>• Сила равна нулю ($F = 0$).</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Работа отрицательна ($A &lt; 0$)</strong>, если угол $\alpha$ тупой ($90^\circ &lt; \alpha \le 180^\circ$). В этом случае проекция силы на направление движения отрицательна, и сила препятствует движению (например, сила трения).</p><p>Единицей измерения работы в Международной системе единиц (СИ) является <strong>джоуль (Дж)</strong>. Один джоуль — это работа, совершаемая силой в один ньютон при перемещении тела на один метр в направлении действия силы.</p><p>$1 \text{ Дж} = 1 \text{ Н} \cdot 1 \text{ м}$</p><p>Механическая работа тесно связана с энергией. Согласно теореме о кинетической энергии, работа всех сил, действующих на тело, равна изменению его кинетической энергии: $A_{общ} = \Delta E_k$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Механическая работа — это скалярная физическая величина, равная произведению модуля силы, действующей на тело, на модуль перемещения тела и на косинус угла между векторами силы и перемещения ($A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$). Она является мерой изменения энергии тела (или системы тел) в результате действия на него силы. Единица измерения работы — джоуль (Дж). Работа совершается только тогда, когда на тело действует сила, и оно перемещается так, что направление силы не перпендикулярно направлению перемещения.</p>"
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            "text" => "<p><strong>Что такое механическая работа?</strong></p><p>Механическая работа — это физическая скалярная величина, которая является количественной мерой действия силы на тело, приводящего к его перемещению. Другими словами, работа совершается тогда, когда приложенная к телу сила вызывает его движение. Работа характеризует процесс передачи энергии от одного тела к другому или превращения одного вида энергии в другой.</p><p>Работа обозначается буквой $\text{A}$. В простейшем случае, когда на тело действует постоянная сила $\text{F}$, и тело перемещается на расстояние $\text{s}$ в направлении действия этой силы, работа вычисляется по формуле:</p><p>$A = F \cdot s$</p><p>где:<br>• $\text{A}$ — механическая работа,<br>• $\text{F}$ — модуль приложенной силы,<br>• $\text{s}$ — модуль перемещения тела.</p><p>В общем случае, если вектор силы $\text{F}$ направлен под углом $\alpha$ к вектору перемещения $\text{s}$, то работа определяется как произведение модуля силы на модуль перемещения и на косинус угла между ними:</p><p>$A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$</p><p>Из этой формулы следуют важные выводы о знаке работы:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Работа положительна ($A &gt; 0$)</strong>, если угол $\alpha$ острый ($0^\circ \le \alpha &lt; 90^\circ$). В этом случае проекция силы на направление движения положительна, и сила способствует движению (например, сила тяги).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Работа равна нулю ($A = 0$)</strong>, если выполняется хотя бы одно из условий:<br>• Сила перпендикулярна перемещению ($\alpha = 90^\circ$, так как $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$). Например, сила тяжести не совершает работу, когда тело движется по горизонтальной поверхности.<br>• Перемещение равно нулю ($s = 0$). Если вы толкаете стену, но она не двигается, механическая работа не совершается.<br>• Сила равна нулю ($F = 0$).</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <strong>Работа отрицательна ($A &lt; 0$)</strong>, если угол $\alpha$ тупой ($90^\circ &lt; \alpha \le 180^\circ$). В этом случае проекция силы на направление движения отрицательна, и сила препятствует движению (например, сила трения).</p><p>Единицей измерения работы в Международной системе единиц (СИ) является <strong>джоуль (Дж)</strong>. Один джоуль — это работа, совершаемая силой в один ньютон при перемещении тела на один метр в направлении действия силы.</p><p>$1 \text{ Дж} = 1 \text{ Н} \cdot 1 \text{ м}$</p><p>Механическая работа тесно связана с энергией. Согласно теореме о кинетической энергии, работа всех сил, действующих на тело, равна изменению его кинетической энергии: $A_{общ} = \Delta E_k$.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Механическая работа — это скалярная физическая величина, равная произведению модуля силы, действующей на тело, на модуль перемещения тела и на косинус угла между векторами силы и перемещения ($A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$). Она является мерой изменения энергии тела (или системы тел) в результате действия на него силы. Единица измерения работы — джоуль (Дж). Работа совершается только тогда, когда на тело действует сила, и оно перемещается так, что направление силы не перпендикулярно направлению перемещения.</p>"
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Повторим изученное (с. 185)
Условие. Повторим изученное (с. 185)
скриншот условия
Физика, 9 класс Учебник, авторы: Белага Виктория Владимировна, Воронцова Наталия Игоревна, Ломаченков Иван Алексеевич, Панебратцев Юрий Анатольевич, издательство Просвещение, Москва, 2024, голубого цвета, Часть 1, страница 185, Условие

• Что такое механическая работа?

Решение. Повторим изученное (с. 185)

Что такое механическая работа?

Механическая работа — это физическая скалярная величина, которая является количественной мерой действия силы на тело, приводящего к его перемещению. Другими словами, работа совершается тогда, когда приложенная к телу сила вызывает его движение. Работа характеризует процесс передачи энергии от одного тела к другому или превращения одного вида энергии в другой.

Работа обозначается буквой $\text{A}$. В простейшем случае, когда на тело действует постоянная сила $\text{F}$, и тело перемещается на расстояние $\text{s}$ в направлении действия этой силы, работа вычисляется по формуле:

$A = F \cdot s$

где:
• $\text{A}$ — механическая работа,
• $\text{F}$ — модуль приложенной силы,
• $\text{s}$ — модуль перемещения тела.

В общем случае, если вектор силы $\text{F}$ направлен под углом $\alpha$ к вектору перемещения $\text{s}$, то работа определяется как произведение модуля силы на модуль перемещения и на косинус угла между ними:

$A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$

Из этой формулы следуют важные выводы о знаке работы:

1. Работа положительна ($A > 0$), если угол $\alpha$ острый ($0^\circ \le \alpha < 90^\circ$). В этом случае проекция силы на направление движения положительна, и сила способствует движению (например, сила тяги).

2. Работа равна нулю ($A = 0$), если выполняется хотя бы одно из условий:
• Сила перпендикулярна перемещению ($\alpha = 90^\circ$, так как $\cos(90^\circ) = 0$). Например, сила тяжести не совершает работу, когда тело движется по горизонтальной поверхности.
• Перемещение равно нулю ($s = 0$). Если вы толкаете стену, но она не двигается, механическая работа не совершается.
• Сила равна нулю ($F = 0$).

3. Работа отрицательна ($A < 0$), если угол $\alpha$ тупой ($90^\circ < \alpha \le 180^\circ$). В этом случае проекция силы на направление движения отрицательна, и сила препятствует движению (например, сила трения).

Единицей измерения работы в Международной системе единиц (СИ) является джоуль (Дж). Один джоуль — это работа, совершаемая силой в один ньютон при перемещении тела на один метр в направлении действия силы.

$1 \text{ Дж} = 1 \text{ Н} \cdot 1 \text{ м}$

Механическая работа тесно связана с энергией. Согласно теореме о кинетической энергии, работа всех сил, действующих на тело, равна изменению его кинетической энергии: $A_{общ} = \Delta E_k$.

Ответ: Механическая работа — это скалярная физическая величина, равная произведению модуля силы, действующей на тело, на модуль перемещения тела и на косинус угла между векторами силы и перемещения ($A = F \cdot s \cdot \cos(\alpha)$). Она является мерой изменения энергии тела (или системы тел) в результате действия на него силы. Единица измерения работы — джоуль (Дж). Работа совершается только тогда, когда на тело действует сила, и оно перемещается так, что направление силы не перпендикулярно направлению перемещения.

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