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Номер 6, страница 132, часть 1 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Генденштейн, Булатова
Авторы: Генденштейн Л. Э., Булатова А. А., Корнильев И. Н., Кошкина А. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Бином
Год издания: 2016 - 2026
Часть: 1
Цвет обложки: бирюзовый
ISBN: 978-5-9963-3062-1
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Часть 1. Механические явления. Глава III. Законы сохранения в механике. Параграф 15. Реактивное движение. Освоение космоса - номер 6, страница 132.
App\Models\Task {#1030 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433720 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "132" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/15-6" "field_display_title" => "6" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1037 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1036 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1035 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1038 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1042 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1044 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1058 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1063 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1039} "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1228 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1238 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1239 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1241 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1240 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1245 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1247 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5208 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бином" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "binom" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5208 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бином" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "binom" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1249 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1250 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3936 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Булатова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Альбина" "field_patronymic" => "Александрова" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3936 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Булатова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Альбина" "field_patronymic" => "Александрова" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1251 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4679 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Корнильев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Игорь" "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4679 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Корнильев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Игорь" "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1252 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4758 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кошкина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Анжелика" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4758 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кошкина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Анжелика" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1255 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1257 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1259 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1266 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5395 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Орлов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Орлова" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5395 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Орлов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Орлова" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2813" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2809" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1271 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 6978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "бирюзовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "biruzovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 6978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "бирюзовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "biruzovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1253} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1254} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1256} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1258} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1260} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1261} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1262} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1263} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1264} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1265} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2813" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2809" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1267} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1268} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1269} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1270} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433206 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "1" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1242} "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1274} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1272} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1273 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433207 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Механические явления" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1241} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1034} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433207 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Механические явления" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1275} "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1276} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1277} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1278 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433223 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1279 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "118" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1241} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1280 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433207 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Механические явления" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2} "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433207 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Механические явления" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1284 …2} "field_page_start" => "6" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1283 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1316 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433223 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1282} "field_page_start" => "118" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1281} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Branch {#1322 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433225 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Реактивное движение. Освоение космоса" "field_branch_order" => "15" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1323 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "128" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1241} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1405 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1325 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433223 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "field_page_start" => "118" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1362 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433223 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Законы сохранения в механике" "field_branch_order" => "III" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 …2} "field_page_start" => "118" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1330 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1362 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433225 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Реактивное движение. Освоение космоса" "field_branch_order" => "15" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327} "field_page_start" => "128" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1326} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1405} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1150 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1224 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1696461 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1222 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1219 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1217 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1433720" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> Расскажите об использовании реактивного движения в технике.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1591" "height" => 196 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/0-15/6-1.webp?ts=1759348265" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1696461 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1433720" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>6.</strong> Расскажите об использовании реактивного движения в технике.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "6-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1591" "height" => 196 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/0-15/6-1.webp?ts=1759348265" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1216 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1780531 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1215 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6515 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6515 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1211 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1212 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1209 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1210 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1433720" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Принцип реактивного движения</strong></p><p>Реактивное движение — это движение тела, возникающее в результате отделения от него с некоторой скоростью какой-либо его части. Этот принцип основан на фундаментальном физическом законе — законе сохранения импульса. В замкнутой системе, на которую не действуют внешние силы, суммарный импульс всех тел остается постоянным. Если от тела массой $\text{M}$, изначально покоящегося, отделяется его часть массой $\text{m}$ со скоростью $\vec{v}$, то оставшаяся часть тела приобретает скорость $\vec{V}$. Согласно закону сохранения импульса, суммарный импульс системы до и после отделения массы равен нулю:</p><p>$M\vec{V} + m\vec{v} = 0$</p><p>Отсюда скорость тела будет:</p><p>$\vec{V} = -\frac{m}{M}\vec{v}$</p><p>Знак «минус» в формуле показывает, что тело начинает двигаться в сторону, противоположную направлению движения отделившейся части. Сила, вызывающая это движение, называется реактивной силой или силой тяги.</p><p><strong>Применение в авиации</strong></p><p>Реактивное движение является основой работы реактивных двигателей, которые широко используются в современной авиации. В отличие от ракетных двигателей, авиационные реактивные двигатели (за исключением некоторых специализированных) используют кислород из атмосферного воздуха в качестве окислителя для сжигания топлива. Существуют различные типы таких двигателей: турбореактивные, турбовентиляторные, турбовинтовые, прямоточные. Они устанавливаются на подавляющее большинство современных военных самолётов (истребители, бомбардировщики) и гражданских лайнеров, позволяя достигать высоких скоростей и высот полета, недоступных для поршневой авиации.</p><p><strong>Применение в ракетостроении и космонавтике</strong></p><p>Наиболее известное применение реактивное движение нашло в ракетостроении. Ракетные двигатели, в отличие от авиационных, несут на борту не только топливо, но и окислитель (например, жидкий кислород). Это позволяет им работать в безвоздушном пространстве — в вакууме, где нет атмосферного кислорода. Именно благодаря ракетам стал возможен выход человечества в космос: запуск искусственных спутников Земли, автоматических межпланетных станций, пилотируемых космических кораблей и орбитальных станций. Реактивные двигатели используются как для вывода аппаратов на орбиту (мощные маршевые двигатели), так и для маневрирования в космосе, коррекции орбит и ориентации (двигатели малой тяги).</p><p><strong>Применение в военной технике</strong></p><p>Помимо боевой авиации, принцип реактивного движения широко используется в различных видах вооружений. К ним относятся все виды управляемых и неуправляемых ракет: баллистические, крылатые, зенитные, противотанковые, противокорабельные. На этом принципе основано действие реактивных систем залпового огня (например, «Град», «Смерч»), а также ручных противотанковых гранатомётов (РПГ). Некоторые типы торпед также оснащаются реактивными двигателями для движения под водой.</p><p><strong>Применение на водном транспорте</strong></p><p>Принцип реактивного движения нашёл применение и на воде в виде водомётных движителей. В таком движителе насос засасывает воду из-под днища судна и с большой скоростью выбрасывает её через сопло в кормовой части. Создаваемая реактивная сила толкает судно вперёд. Водомёты обеспечивают высокую манёвренность (поскольку направление струи можно менять), позволяют двигаться на мелководье и повышают безопасность из-за отсутствия вращающихся наружных винтов. Их устанавливают на скоростных катерах, паромах, гидроциклах и некоторых военных кораблях.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Реактивное движение, основанное на законе сохранения импульса, нашло широкое применение в технике. Основные области его использования включают: авиацию (турбореактивные и другие двигатели для самолётов), ракетостроение и космонавтику (ракетные двигатели для вывода аппаратов в космос и маневрирования), военную технику (ракеты различного назначения, системы залпового огня, торпеды) и водный транспорт (водомётные движители для катеров и судов).</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1780531 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1206} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1433720" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Принцип реактивного движения</strong></p><p>Реактивное движение — это движение тела, возникающее в результате отделения от него с некоторой скоростью какой-либо его части. Этот принцип основан на фундаментальном физическом законе — законе сохранения импульса. В замкнутой системе, на которую не действуют внешние силы, суммарный импульс всех тел остается постоянным. Если от тела массой $\text{M}$, изначально покоящегося, отделяется его часть массой $\text{m}$ со скоростью $\vec{v}$, то оставшаяся часть тела приобретает скорость $\vec{V}$. Согласно закону сохранения импульса, суммарный импульс системы до и после отделения массы равен нулю:</p><p>$M\vec{V} + m\vec{v} = 0$</p><p>Отсюда скорость тела будет:</p><p>$\vec{V} = -\frac{m}{M}\vec{v}$</p><p>Знак «минус» в формуле показывает, что тело начинает двигаться в сторону, противоположную направлению движения отделившейся части. Сила, вызывающая это движение, называется реактивной силой или силой тяги.</p><p><strong>Применение в авиации</strong></p><p>Реактивное движение является основой работы реактивных двигателей, которые широко используются в современной авиации. В отличие от ракетных двигателей, авиационные реактивные двигатели (за исключением некоторых специализированных) используют кислород из атмосферного воздуха в качестве окислителя для сжигания топлива. Существуют различные типы таких двигателей: турбореактивные, турбовентиляторные, турбовинтовые, прямоточные. Они устанавливаются на подавляющее большинство современных военных самолётов (истребители, бомбардировщики) и гражданских лайнеров, позволяя достигать высоких скоростей и высот полета, недоступных для поршневой авиации.</p><p><strong>Применение в ракетостроении и космонавтике</strong></p><p>Наиболее известное применение реактивное движение нашло в ракетостроении. Ракетные двигатели, в отличие от авиационных, несут на борту не только топливо, но и окислитель (например, жидкий кислород). Это позволяет им работать в безвоздушном пространстве — в вакууме, где нет атмосферного кислорода. Именно благодаря ракетам стал возможен выход человечества в космос: запуск искусственных спутников Земли, автоматических межпланетных станций, пилотируемых космических кораблей и орбитальных станций. Реактивные двигатели используются как для вывода аппаратов на орбиту (мощные маршевые двигатели), так и для маневрирования в космосе, коррекции орбит и ориентации (двигатели малой тяги).</p><p><strong>Применение в военной технике</strong></p><p>Помимо боевой авиации, принцип реактивного движения широко используется в различных видах вооружений. К ним относятся все виды управляемых и неуправляемых ракет: баллистические, крылатые, зенитные, противотанковые, противокорабельные. На этом принципе основано действие реактивных систем залпового огня (например, «Град», «Смерч»), а также ручных противотанковых гранатомётов (РПГ). Некоторые типы торпед также оснащаются реактивными двигателями для движения под водой.</p><p><strong>Применение на водном транспорте</strong></p><p>Принцип реактивного движения нашёл применение и на воде в виде водомётных движителей. В таком движителе насос засасывает воду из-под днища судна и с большой скоростью выбрасывает её через сопло в кормовой части. Создаваемая реактивная сила толкает судно вперёд. Водомёты обеспечивают высокую манёвренность (поскольку направление струи можно менять), позволяют двигаться на мелководье и повышают безопасность из-за отсутствия вращающихся наружных винтов. Их устанавливают на скоростных катерах, паромах, гидроциклах и некоторых военных кораблях.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Реактивное движение, основанное на законе сохранения импульса, нашло широкое применение в технике. Основные области его использования включают: авиацию (турбореактивные и другие двигатели для самолётов), ракетостроение и космонавтику (ракетные двигатели для вывода аппаратов в космос и маневрирования), военную технику (ракеты различного назначения, системы залпового огня, торпеды) и водный транспорт (водомётные движители для катеров и судов).</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1433721" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1433719" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1193 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1241} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1189 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1225 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1434773 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "132" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/page-2-132" "field_display_title" => "132" "field_folder" => "2" "field_image_name" => "132" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1207 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1201 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1205 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1166 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1241} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1187 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1697497 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1697497 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1151 …2} "book_page" => array:2 [ …2] "img" => array:1 [ …1] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434774" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434772" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 #items: array:5 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434352 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "132" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/ekzam-270" "field_display_title" => "270" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1143 …2} "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1141 …2} "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1436 …2} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} …4 ] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#1233 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Task {#1426 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Task {#1410 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 4 => App\Models\Task {#1229 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1434773 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "132" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/page-2-132" "field_display_title" => "132" "field_folder" => "2" "field_image_name" => "132" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161} "field_metatags_title" => null 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+usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] }
№6 (с. 132)
Условие. №6 (с. 132)
скриншот условия
6. Расскажите об использовании реактивного движения в технике.
Решение. №6 (с. 132)
Принцип реактивного движения
Реактивное движение — это движение тела, возникающее в результате отделения от него с некоторой скоростью какой-либо его части. Этот принцип основан на фундаментальном физическом законе — законе сохранения импульса. В замкнутой системе, на которую не действуют внешние силы, суммарный импульс всех тел остается постоянным. Если от тела массой $\text{M}$, изначально покоящегося, отделяется его часть массой $\text{m}$ со скоростью $\vec{v}$, то оставшаяся часть тела приобретает скорость $\vec{V}$. Согласно закону сохранения импульса, суммарный импульс системы до и после отделения массы равен нулю:
$M\vec{V} + m\vec{v} = 0$
Отсюда скорость тела будет:
$\vec{V} = -\frac{m}{M}\vec{v}$
Знак «минус» в формуле показывает, что тело начинает двигаться в сторону, противоположную направлению движения отделившейся части. Сила, вызывающая это движение, называется реактивной силой или силой тяги.
Применение в авиации
Реактивное движение является основой работы реактивных двигателей, которые широко используются в современной авиации. В отличие от ракетных двигателей, авиационные реактивные двигатели (за исключением некоторых специализированных) используют кислород из атмосферного воздуха в качестве окислителя для сжигания топлива. Существуют различные типы таких двигателей: турбореактивные, турбовентиляторные, турбовинтовые, прямоточные. Они устанавливаются на подавляющее большинство современных военных самолётов (истребители, бомбардировщики) и гражданских лайнеров, позволяя достигать высоких скоростей и высот полета, недоступных для поршневой авиации.
Применение в ракетостроении и космонавтике
Наиболее известное применение реактивное движение нашло в ракетостроении. Ракетные двигатели, в отличие от авиационных, несут на борту не только топливо, но и окислитель (например, жидкий кислород). Это позволяет им работать в безвоздушном пространстве — в вакууме, где нет атмосферного кислорода. Именно благодаря ракетам стал возможен выход человечества в космос: запуск искусственных спутников Земли, автоматических межпланетных станций, пилотируемых космических кораблей и орбитальных станций. Реактивные двигатели используются как для вывода аппаратов на орбиту (мощные маршевые двигатели), так и для маневрирования в космосе, коррекции орбит и ориентации (двигатели малой тяги).
Применение в военной технике
Помимо боевой авиации, принцип реактивного движения широко используется в различных видах вооружений. К ним относятся все виды управляемых и неуправляемых ракет: баллистические, крылатые, зенитные, противотанковые, противокорабельные. На этом принципе основано действие реактивных систем залпового огня (например, «Град», «Смерч»), а также ручных противотанковых гранатомётов (РПГ). Некоторые типы торпед также оснащаются реактивными двигателями для движения под водой.
Применение на водном транспорте
Принцип реактивного движения нашёл применение и на воде в виде водомётных движителей. В таком движителе насос засасывает воду из-под днища судна и с большой скоростью выбрасывает её через сопло в кормовой части. Создаваемая реактивная сила толкает судно вперёд. Водомёты обеспечивают высокую манёвренность (поскольку направление струи можно менять), позволяют двигаться на мелководье и повышают безопасность из-за отсутствия вращающихся наружных винтов. Их устанавливают на скоростных катерах, паромах, гидроциклах и некоторых военных кораблях.
Ответ: Реактивное движение, основанное на законе сохранения импульса, нашло широкое применение в технике. Основные области его использования включают: авиацию (турбореактивные и другие двигатели для самолётов), ракетостроение и космонавтику (ракетные двигатели для вывода аппаратов в космос и маневрирования), военную технику (ракеты различного назначения, системы залпового огня, торпеды) и водный транспорт (водомётные движители для катеров и судов).
Другие задания:
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