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Номер 37, страница 23, часть 2 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Генденштейн, Булатова
Авторы: Генденштейн Л. Э., Булатова А. А., Корнильев И. Н., Кошкина А. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Бином
Год издания: 2016 - 2026
Часть: 2
Цвет обложки: бирюзовый
ISBN: 978-5-9963-3062-1
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Часть 2. Квантовая физика. Глава VI. Атомное ядро и ядерная энергетика. Параграф 25. Атомное ядро - номер 37, страница 23.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434012 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "23" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/25-37" "field_display_title" => "37" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Квантовая физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1069 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1070 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1074 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1076 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1084 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1086 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1089 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1092 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1096 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1097 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1098 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1101 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1102 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Квантовая физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1100} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1137 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433267 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Атомное ядро и ядерная энергетика" "field_branch_order" => "VI" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1139 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1141 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1142 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1144 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1146 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1148 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1153 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1154 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1156 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1158 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1160 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1161 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1162 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1163 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1164 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1165 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1167 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1168 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1169 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1170 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1173 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Квантовая физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433263 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Квантовая физика" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1174 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1175 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1176 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433267 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Атомное ядро и ядерная энергетика" "field_branch_order" => "VI" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1138} "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1140} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1172} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Branch {#1213 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433268 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Атомное ядро" "field_branch_order" => "25" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1215 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1217 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] "field_covers" => array:2 [ …2] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1243 …2} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1244 …2} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1245 …2} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1246 …2} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ …3] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1218 …2} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1220 …2} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1222 …2} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1224 …2} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1229 …2} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1230 …2} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1232 …2} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1234 …2} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1236 …2} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1237 …2} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1238 …2} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1239 …2} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1240 …2} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1241 …2} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ …2] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ …2] …13 ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1249 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433268 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Атомное ядро" "field_branch_order" => "25" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1214} "field_page_start" => "15" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1216} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1248} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1294 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1295 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1696705 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1297 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434012" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>37.</strong> После двух последовательных $\alpha$-распадов некоторого ядра образовалось ядро $^{216}_{84}\text{Po}$. Запишите реакцию распада.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "37-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1535" "height" => 228 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/0-25/37-1.webp?ts=1759348353" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1696705 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1296} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434012" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>37.</strong> После двух последовательных $\alpha$-распадов некоторого ядра образовалось ядро $^{216}_{84}\text{Po}$. Запишите реакцию распада.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "37-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1535" "height" => 228 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/0-25/37-1.webp?ts=1759348353" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1303 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1780775 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1305 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ …21] #original: array:21 [ …21] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434012" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Процесс: два последовательных α-распада.</p><p>Конечное ядро: $^{216}_{84}Po$.</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Реакцию распада.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>α-распад — это вид радиоактивного распада, при котором атомное ядро испускает α-частицу, которая является ядром атома гелия $^4_2He$. В результате α-распада массовое число ядра уменьшается на 4, а зарядовое число (количество протонов) — на 2.</p><p>Пусть исходное (материнское) ядро имеет массовое число $\text{A}$ и зарядовое число $\text{Z}$. Обозначим его как $^A_Z X$.</p><p>По условию задачи, произошло два последовательных α-распада, в результате которых образовалось ядро полония $^{216}_{84}Po$. Это означает, что исходное ядро испустило две α-частицы. Суммарную реакцию можно записать так:</p><p>$^A_Z X \rightarrow ^{216}_{84}Po + 2 \cdot ^4_2He$</p><p>В любой ядерной реакции выполняются законы сохранения массового числа и зарядового числа. Это означает, что сумма массовых чисел (верхние индексы) и сумма зарядовых чисел (нижние индексы) до реакции должны быть равны соответствующим суммам после реакции.</p><p>Составим уравнения на основе этих законов:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Закон сохранения массового числа:</p><p>$A = 216 + 2 \cdot 4$</p><p>$A = 216 + 8$</p><p>$A = 224$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Закон сохранения зарядового числа:</p><p>$Z = 84 + 2 \cdot 2$</p><p>$Z = 84 + 4$</p><p>$Z = 88$</p><p>Таким образом, исходное ядро имело массовое число $A = 224$ и зарядовое число $Z = 88$.</p><p>Чтобы определить химический элемент, обратимся к периодической таблице Менделеева. Элемент с порядковым номером 88 — это радий (Ra).</p><p>Следовательно, исходным ядром было ядро изотопа радия-224: $^{224}_{88}Ra$.</p><p>Теперь мы можем записать полную реакцию распада.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Реакция распада имеет вид: $^{224}_{88}Ra \rightarrow ^{216}_{84}Po + 2 \cdot ^4_2He$.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1780775 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1304} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434012" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>Дано:</strong></p><p>Процесс: два последовательных α-распада.</p><p>Конечное ядро: $^{216}_{84}Po$.</p><p><strong>Найти:</strong></p><p>Реакцию распада.</p><p><strong>Решение:</strong></p><p>α-распад — это вид радиоактивного распада, при котором атомное ядро испускает α-частицу, которая является ядром атома гелия $^4_2He$. В результате α-распада массовое число ядра уменьшается на 4, а зарядовое число (количество протонов) — на 2.</p><p>Пусть исходное (материнское) ядро имеет массовое число $\text{A}$ и зарядовое число $\text{Z}$. Обозначим его как $^A_Z X$.</p><p>По условию задачи, произошло два последовательных α-распада, в результате которых образовалось ядро полония $^{216}_{84}Po$. Это означает, что исходное ядро испустило две α-частицы. Суммарную реакцию можно записать так:</p><p>$^A_Z X \rightarrow ^{216}_{84}Po + 2 \cdot ^4_2He$</p><p>В любой ядерной реакции выполняются законы сохранения массового числа и зарядового числа. Это означает, что сумма массовых чисел (верхние индексы) и сумма зарядовых чисел (нижние индексы) до реакции должны быть равны соответствующим суммам после реакции.</p><p>Составим уравнения на основе этих законов:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> Закон сохранения массового числа:</p><p>$A = 216 + 2 \cdot 4$</p><p>$A = 216 + 8$</p><p>$A = 224$</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Закон сохранения зарядового числа:</p><p>$Z = 84 + 2 \cdot 2$</p><p>$Z = 84 + 4$</p><p>$Z = 88$</p><p>Таким образом, исходное ядро имело массовое число $A = 224$ и зарядовое число $Z = 88$.</p><p>Чтобы определить химический элемент, обратимся к периодической таблице Менделеева. Элемент с порядковым номером 88 — это радий (Ra).</p><p>Следовательно, исходным ядром было ядро изотопа радия-224: $^{224}_{88}Ra$.</p><p>Теперь мы можем записать полную реакцию распада.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Реакция распада имеет вид: $^{224}_{88}Ra \rightarrow ^{216}_{84}Po + 2 \cdot ^4_2He$.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434013" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434011" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1311 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1312 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1314 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1316 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1318 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1320 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1321 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1322 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1323 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1326 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ …10] #original: array:10 [ …10] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1328 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1330 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1331 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1333 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1336 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1337 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ …12] #original: array:12 [ …12] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2813" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2809" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1338 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1339 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1340 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1341 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1342 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1313} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1315} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1317} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1319} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1324} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1325} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1327} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1329} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1331} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1332} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1333} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1334} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1335} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1336} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" 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#visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1357 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1356 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 1434664 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "23" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/page-2-23" "field_display_title" => "23" "field_folder" => "2" "field_image_name" => "23" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1396 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1358 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1428 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1394 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ …50] #original: array:50 [ …50] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1426 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1437 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1436 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ …6] #original: array:6 [ …6] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434665" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434663" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2716 #items: array:8 [ 0 => App\Models\Task {#2730 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 1 => App\Models\Task {#2846 #connection: "mysql" #table: 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#original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 5 => App\Models\Task {#2851 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ …24] #original: array:24 [ …24] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } 6 => App\Models\Task {#2827 #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: 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#hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ …1] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 1434664 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "23" "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/page-2-23" "field_display_title" => "23" "field_folder" => "2" "field_image_name" => "23" "field_branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1396} "field_weight" => "0" "field_book_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1428} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1426} "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1437} "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434665" "type" => "book_page" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434663" "type" => "book_page" ] "tasks" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2716} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434012 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "23" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/25-37" "field_display_title" => "37" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026} "top_parent_branch" => 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№37 (с. 23)
Условие. №37 (с. 23)
скриншот условия
37. После двух последовательных $\alpha$-распадов некоторого ядра образовалось ядро $^{216}_{84}\text{Po}$. Запишите реакцию распада.
Решение. №37 (с. 23)
Дано:
Процесс: два последовательных α-распада.
Конечное ядро: $^{216}_{84}Po$.
Найти:
Реакцию распада.
Решение:
α-распад — это вид радиоактивного распада, при котором атомное ядро испускает α-частицу, которая является ядром атома гелия $^4_2He$. В результате α-распада массовое число ядра уменьшается на 4, а зарядовое число (количество протонов) — на 2.
Пусть исходное (материнское) ядро имеет массовое число $\text{A}$ и зарядовое число $\text{Z}$. Обозначим его как $^A_Z X$.
По условию задачи, произошло два последовательных α-распада, в результате которых образовалось ядро полония $^{216}_{84}Po$. Это означает, что исходное ядро испустило две α-частицы. Суммарную реакцию можно записать так:
$^A_Z X \rightarrow ^{216}_{84}Po + 2 \cdot ^4_2He$
В любой ядерной реакции выполняются законы сохранения массового числа и зарядового числа. Это означает, что сумма массовых чисел (верхние индексы) и сумма зарядовых чисел (нижние индексы) до реакции должны быть равны соответствующим суммам после реакции.
Составим уравнения на основе этих законов:
1. Закон сохранения массового числа:
$A = 216 + 2 \cdot 4$
$A = 216 + 8$
$A = 224$
2. Закон сохранения зарядового числа:
$Z = 84 + 2 \cdot 2$
$Z = 84 + 4$
$Z = 88$
Таким образом, исходное ядро имело массовое число $A = 224$ и зарядовое число $Z = 88$.
Чтобы определить химический элемент, обратимся к периодической таблице Менделеева. Элемент с порядковым номером 88 — это радий (Ra).
Следовательно, исходным ядром было ядро изотопа радия-224: $^{224}_{88}Ra$.
Теперь мы можем записать полную реакцию распада.
Ответ: Реакция распада имеет вид: $^{224}_{88}Ra \rightarrow ^{216}_{84}Po + 2 \cdot ^4_2He$.
Другие задания:
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