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Номер 3, страница 53, часть 2 - гдз по физике 9 класс учебник Генденштейн, Булатова
Авторы: Генденштейн Л. Э., Булатова А. А., Корнильев И. Н., Кошкина А. В.
Тип: Учебник
Издательство: Бином
Год издания: 2016 - 2026
Часть: 2
Цвет обложки: бирюзовый
ISBN: 978-5-9963-3062-1
Популярные ГДЗ в 9 классе
Часть 2. Строение и эволюция вселенной. Глава VIII. Звёзды и галактики. Параграф 30. Галактики - номер 3, страница 53.
App\Models\Task {#1024 // resources/views/models/task/default.blade.php #connection: "mysql" #table: "tasks" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434075 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_page_start" => "53" "field_page_end" => null "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik/30-3" "field_display_title" => "3" "field_outside_task" => null "field_task_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#331 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1029 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 26 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "номер" "field_cases" => array:6 [ "field_accusative_case" => "номер" "field_creative_case" => "номером" "field_dative_case" => "номеру" "field_genitive_case" => "номера" "field_nominative_case" => "номер" "field_prepositional_case" => "номере" ] "field_short_name" => "№" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_match" => null "breadcrumbs" => [] "edition_groups" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1026 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "top_parent_branch" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#342 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1033 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 31 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Часть" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => "1" "field_short_name" => "ч." ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032 #connection: "mysql" #table: "books" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1035 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6493 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Физика" "field_abbreviated_name" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_subject_type" => "technical_subject" "field_translit" => "fizika" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1037 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5458 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "9" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "devjatyj" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1039 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 5208 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бином" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "binom" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 5208 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Бином" "field_cases" => null "field_translit" => "binom" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1041 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4104 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Генденштейн" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Лев" "field_patronymic" => "Элевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Генденштейна" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Term {#1042 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 3936 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Булатова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Альбина" "field_patronymic" => "Александрова" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 3936 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Булатова" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Альбина" "field_patronymic" => "Александрова" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Term {#1043 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4679 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Корнильев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Игорь" "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4679 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Корнильев" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Игорь" "field_patronymic" => "Николаевич" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Term {#1044 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 4758 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кошкина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Анжелика" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 4758 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Кошкина" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Анжелика" "field_patronymic" => "Васильевна" "field_surname_rp" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1047 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #original: array:10 [ "id" => 6671 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Учебник" "field_book_type_foreign" => null "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_plural_form" => null "field_short_name" => null "field_short_name_foreign" => null "field_translit" => "uchebnik" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1049 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 9 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Россия" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "rossiya" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1051 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 15 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Москва" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "moskva" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1058 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:12 [ "id" => 5395 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Орлов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Орлова" ] #original: array:12 [ "id" => 5395 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Орлов" "field_bio" => null "field_degree_rp" => null "field_foreign_lang_name" => null "field_foreign_lang_patronymic" => null "field_foreign_lang_surname" => null "field_name" => "Владимир" "field_patronymic" => "Алексеевич" "field_surname_rp" => "Орлова" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2813" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2809" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1063 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 6978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "бирюзовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "biruzovyy" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 6978 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "бирюзовый" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_translit" => "biruzovyy" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #original: array:50 [ "id" => 2980 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_tree_default_status" => "tasks" "field_pages_status" => null "field_subject" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1034} "field_class" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1036} "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1038} "field_author" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1040} "field_author_foreign" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1045} "field_book_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1046} "field_country" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1048} "field_city" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1050} "field_series" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1052} "field_umk" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1053} "field_level_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1054} "field_standart_of_education" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1055} "field_publication_number" => null "field_publication_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1056} "field_under_the_edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1057} "field_under_the_edition_degree" => null "field_cover_description" => null "field_publication_year" => "2016" "field_publication_year_until" => null "field_part" => "1, 2" "field_part_writing" => "Часть" "field_second_foreign_language" => null "field_for_whom" => "Учебное издание" "field_allowed" => null "field_reserve_field" => null "field_link_to_source" => null "field_tasks_count" => "1111" "field_priority" => null "field_default_folder" => "/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/" "field_isbn" => "978-5-9963-3062-1" "field_cover" => array:2 [ 0 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" 1 => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" ] "field_cover_alts" => array:2 [ 0 => "" 1 => "" ] "field_covers" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover1.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2813" ] 1 => array:4 [ "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/covers/cover2.webp?ts=1759256052" "alt" => "" "width" => "1863" "height" => "2809" ] ] "field_popular_book" => "0" "field_recommended_books" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1059} "field_new_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1060} "field_old_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1061} "field_url" => "/9-klass/fizika/gendenshtejn-uchebnik" "field_cover_color" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1062} "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "breadcrumbs" => array:3 [ "class" => 380 "subject" => 556 "class_subject" => 493 ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#333} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1030} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1064} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "parent_branches" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1065 #items: array:4 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1023} 1 => App\Models\Branch {#1066 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Строение и эволюция вселенной" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067 #items: [] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "38" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1070 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433262 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => null "field_branch_order" => "2" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1071 …2} "field_page_start" => "4" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1072 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1073 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Строение и эволюция вселенной" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1067} "field_page_start" => "38" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1068} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1069} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 2 => App\Models\Branch {#1074 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434387 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Звёзды и галактики" "field_branch_order" => "VIII" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1076 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 29 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Глава" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "47" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1079 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1433270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Строение и эволюция вселенной" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_page_start" => "38" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1433270 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Строение и эволюция вселенной" "field_branch_order" => null "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1080 …2} "field_page_start" => "38" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1081 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1082 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434387 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Звёзды и галактики" "field_branch_order" => "VIII" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1075} "field_page_start" => "47" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1077} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1078} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 3 => App\Models\Branch {#1087 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434389 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Галактики" "field_branch_order" => "30" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Term {#1089 #connection: "mysql" #table: "terms" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 32 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "name" => "Параграф" "field_cases" => array:6 [ …6] "field_page_check_not_needed" => null "field_short_name" => "§" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "field_page_start" => "50" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Branch {#1092 #connection: "mysql" #table: "branches" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:24 [ "id" => 1434387 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Звёзды и галактики" "field_branch_order" => "VIII" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_page_start" => "47" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434387 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Звёзды и галактики" "field_branch_order" => "VIII" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1093 …2} "field_page_start" => "47" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1094 …2} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1095 …2} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } ] #original: array:24 [ "id" => 1434389 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "field_display_title" => "Галактики" "field_branch_order" => "30" "field_url" => null "field_branch_type" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1088} "field_page_start" => "50" "field_branch_display" => "0" "field_branch_expanded" => "0" "field_display_branch_in_title" => "1" "field_display_task_interval" => "0" "field_display_branch_page" => "1" "field_branch_title_in_content" => "0" "field_navigation_title" => null "field_metatags_title" => null "field_metatags_description" => null "field_h1" => null "field_description_top" => null "field_description_bottom" => null "field_branch_cover" => [] "field_branch_covers" => [] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1090} "branch_parent" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1091} ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "content" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1104 #items: array:2 [ 0 => App\Models\Element {#1105 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:7 [ "id" => 1696768 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1107 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6168 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Условие" "field_order" => "1" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1108 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text, image" "field_page_content_mode" => "image" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Автор" "field_moderator" => "stas" "field_edition_type" => "statement" "field_root_dir" => "0-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1110 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1111 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1112 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434075" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Рассмотрите на небе Млечный Путь. Попробуйте сфотографировать его.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1554" "height" => 209 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/0-30/3-1.webp?ts=1759348377" ] ] ] #original: array:7 [ "id" => 1696768 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1106} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434075" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p><strong>3.</strong> Рассмотрите на небе Млечный Путь. Попробуйте сфотографировать его.</p>" "img" => array:1 [ 0 => array:5 [ "name" => "3-1.jpg" "alt" => null "width" => "1554" "height" => 209 "path" => "/media/fizika_09/gendenshtejn-u/0-30/3-1.webp?ts=1759348377" ] ] ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } 1 => App\Models\Element {#1113 #connection: "mysql" #table: "elements" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:6 [ "id" => 1780838 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Edition {#1115 #connection: "mysql" #table: "editions" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: false #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: array:21 [ "id" => 6515 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #original: array:21 [ "id" => 6515 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "title" => "Решение" "field_order" => "2" "field_publisher" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1116 …2} "field_content_type" => "free" "field_content_mode" => "text" "field_page_content_mode" => "" "field_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_page_content_text_checked" => "0" "field_solution_author" => "Gemini 2.5 Pro" "field_moderator" => "tolik" "field_edition_type" => "solution" "field_root_dir" => "1-" "field_responsible" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1118 …2} "field_comment" => null "field_similar_book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1119 …2} "field_process_formula" => "katex" "field_edition_group" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1120 …2} "field_content_source" => null ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434075" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Это задание представляет собой практическую рекомендацию по астрономическим наблюдениям и астрофотографии. Ниже приведено развернутое руководство по его выполнению.</p><strong>Рассмотрите на небе Млечный Путь</strong><p>Млечный Путь – это наша родная галактика, гигантская спиральная система, состоящая из сотен миллиардов звезд, одной из которых является Солнце. Когда мы смотрим на ночное небо, мы видим нашу Галактику с ребра, изнутри ее диска. Поэтому она предстает перед нами в виде неяркой, туманной полосы, пересекающей все небо. Эта полоса состоит из света бесчисленного множества далеких звезд, которые неразличимы по отдельности невооруженным глазом.</p><p>Чтобы увидеть Млечный Путь, необходимо соблюсти несколько условий:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Отсутствие светового загрязнения.</em> Городские огни создают сильную засветку неба, которая полностью скрывает Млечный Путь. Для наблюдений нужно выехать за город, в место с максимально темным небом (в сельскую местность, в горы, вдали от крупных населенных пунктов).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Правильное время.</em> Лучшее время для наблюдений в Северном полушарии — безлунные ночи с конца весны до начала осени (с мая по октябрь). Самая яркая и эффектная часть Млечного Пути, его ядро, видна именно летом. Наблюдения следует проводить в период, когда нет Луны на небе (в фазе новолуния или когда она за горизонтом) и спустя 1.5–2 часа после заката, чтобы исчезли все следы сумерек.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <em>Ориентация на небе.</em> Летом в Северном полушарии ядро Галактики находится в южной части неба, в созвездиях Стрельца и Скорпиона. Оттуда светлая полоса тянется вверх через зенит, проходя через яркие звезды Летне-осеннего треугольника (Вега, Денеб и Альтаир), и уходит к северному горизонту в районе созвездий Кассиопеи и Персея. Для поиска можно использовать приложения-планетарии для смартфона (например, Stellarium, SkyView, Star Walk).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Для наблюдения за Млечным Путем необходимо в летнюю или ранне-осеннюю ночь, в новолуние, выехать далеко за город. На темном небе он будет виден как широкая туманная полоса, протянувшаяся с юга на север через зенит.</p><strong>Попробуйте сфотографировать его</strong><p>Фотографирование Млечного Пути — увлекательная задача, требующая определенного оборудования и настроек. Даже на любительскую технику можно получить впечатляющие снимки.</p><p><em>Необходимое оборудование:</em></p><p>• <strong>Фотоаппарат</strong> с возможностью ручных настроек (зеркальная, беззеркальная или продвинутая компактная камера).</p><p>• <strong>Объектив</strong>. Желательно использовать широкоугольный (с фокусным расстоянием 14-35 мм) и светосильный (с максимальной диафрагмой f/2.8 или меньше) объектив.</p><p>• <strong>Штатив</strong>. Он необходим для фиксации камеры в неподвижном положении, так как съемка ведется на длинных выдержках.</p><p>• <strong>Пульт ДУ или таймер спуска</strong>. Позволяют избежать сотрясения камеры при нажатии на кнопку спуска затвора.</p><p><em>Настройки камеры:</em></p><p>• <strong>Режим съемки</strong>: Ручной (М).</p><p>• <strong>Формат файла</strong>: RAW. Это критически важно для последующей обработки фотографии.</p><p>• <strong>Фокусировка</strong>: Ручная (MF). Наведитесь на самую яркую звезду или очень далекий огонек на горизонте, включите режим Live View и увеличьте изображение на максимум. Вращая кольцо фокусировки, добейтесь, чтобы звезда выглядела как минимально возможная точка. После этого фокус не меняйте.</p><p>• <strong>Диафрагма</strong>: Максимально открытая (самое маленькое число, например, f/1.8, f/2.8, f/4).</p><p>• <strong>Выдержка</strong>: Чтобы звезды остались точками, а не превратились в полосы из-за вращения Земли, максимальную выдержку (в секундах) можно рассчитать по "правилу 500": $t_{max} = \frac{500}{F \cdot K}$ , где $\text{F}$ — фокусное расстояние объектива в мм, а $\text{K}$ — кроп-фактор матрицы камеры (для полнокадровых камер $K=1$, для APS-C ≈1.5-1.6). Например, для объектива 18 мм на камере с кроп-фактором 1.6 выдержка должна быть не длиннее $500 / (18 \cdot 1.6) \approx 17$ секунд. Обычно выдержка составляет 15-30 секунд.</p><p>• <strong>ISO (светочувствительность)</strong>: Установите высокое значение, например, 1600, 3200 или даже 6400, в зависимости от возможностей вашей камеры и светосилы объектива. Сделайте пробный кадр и оцените яркость и уровень шума.</p><p>После съемки RAW-файл необходимо обработать в графическом редакторе (Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop и др.), чтобы "проявить" детали Млечного Пути: настроить баланс белого, увеличить экспозицию и контраст, поработать с тенями и светами, а также применить шумоподавление.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Для фотографирования Млечного Пути установите камеру со светосильным широкоугольным объективом на штатив. Используйте ручные настройки: максимально открытая диафрагма, выдержка 15-30 секунд (рассчитанная по "правилу 500"), высокое ISO (1600-6400) и ручная фокусировка на бесконечность. Снимайте в формате RAW для последующей обработки.</p>" ] #original: array:6 [ "id" => 1780838 "created_at" => "2026-04-10 13:58:26" "updated_at" => null "edition" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1114} "task" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434075" "type" => "task" ] "text" => "<p>Это задание представляет собой практическую рекомендацию по астрономическим наблюдениям и астрофотографии. Ниже приведено развернутое руководство по его выполнению.</p><strong>Рассмотрите на небе Млечный Путь</strong><p>Млечный Путь – это наша родная галактика, гигантская спиральная система, состоящая из сотен миллиардов звезд, одной из которых является Солнце. Когда мы смотрим на ночное небо, мы видим нашу Галактику с ребра, изнутри ее диска. Поэтому она предстает перед нами в виде неяркой, туманной полосы, пересекающей все небо. Эта полоса состоит из света бесчисленного множества далеких звезд, которые неразличимы по отдельности невооруженным глазом.</p><p>Чтобы увидеть Млечный Путь, необходимо соблюсти несколько условий:</p><p><strong>1.</strong> <em>Отсутствие светового загрязнения.</em> Городские огни создают сильную засветку неба, которая полностью скрывает Млечный Путь. Для наблюдений нужно выехать за город, в место с максимально темным небом (в сельскую местность, в горы, вдали от крупных населенных пунктов).</p><p><strong>2.</strong> <em>Правильное время.</em> Лучшее время для наблюдений в Северном полушарии — безлунные ночи с конца весны до начала осени (с мая по октябрь). Самая яркая и эффектная часть Млечного Пути, его ядро, видна именно летом. Наблюдения следует проводить в период, когда нет Луны на небе (в фазе новолуния или когда она за горизонтом) и спустя 1.5–2 часа после заката, чтобы исчезли все следы сумерек.</p><p><strong>3.</strong> <em>Ориентация на небе.</em> Летом в Северном полушарии ядро Галактики находится в южной части неба, в созвездиях Стрельца и Скорпиона. Оттуда светлая полоса тянется вверх через зенит, проходя через яркие звезды Летне-осеннего треугольника (Вега, Денеб и Альтаир), и уходит к северному горизонту в районе созвездий Кассиопеи и Персея. Для поиска можно использовать приложения-планетарии для смартфона (например, Stellarium, SkyView, Star Walk).</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Для наблюдения за Млечным Путем необходимо в летнюю или ранне-осеннюю ночь, в новолуние, выехать далеко за город. На темном небе он будет виден как широкая туманная полоса, протянувшаяся с юга на север через зенит.</p><strong>Попробуйте сфотографировать его</strong><p>Фотографирование Млечного Пути — увлекательная задача, требующая определенного оборудования и настроек. Даже на любительскую технику можно получить впечатляющие снимки.</p><p><em>Необходимое оборудование:</em></p><p>• <strong>Фотоаппарат</strong> с возможностью ручных настроек (зеркальная, беззеркальная или продвинутая компактная камера).</p><p>• <strong>Объектив</strong>. Желательно использовать широкоугольный (с фокусным расстоянием 14-35 мм) и светосильный (с максимальной диафрагмой f/2.8 или меньше) объектив.</p><p>• <strong>Штатив</strong>. Он необходим для фиксации камеры в неподвижном положении, так как съемка ведется на длинных выдержках.</p><p>• <strong>Пульт ДУ или таймер спуска</strong>. Позволяют избежать сотрясения камеры при нажатии на кнопку спуска затвора.</p><p><em>Настройки камеры:</em></p><p>• <strong>Режим съемки</strong>: Ручной (М).</p><p>• <strong>Формат файла</strong>: RAW. Это критически важно для последующей обработки фотографии.</p><p>• <strong>Фокусировка</strong>: Ручная (MF). Наведитесь на самую яркую звезду или очень далекий огонек на горизонте, включите режим Live View и увеличьте изображение на максимум. Вращая кольцо фокусировки, добейтесь, чтобы звезда выглядела как минимально возможная точка. После этого фокус не меняйте.</p><p>• <strong>Диафрагма</strong>: Максимально открытая (самое маленькое число, например, f/1.8, f/2.8, f/4).</p><p>• <strong>Выдержка</strong>: Чтобы звезды остались точками, а не превратились в полосы из-за вращения Земли, максимальную выдержку (в секундах) можно рассчитать по "правилу 500": $t_{max} = \frac{500}{F \cdot K}$ , где $\text{F}$ — фокусное расстояние объектива в мм, а $\text{K}$ — кроп-фактор матрицы камеры (для полнокадровых камер $K=1$, для APS-C ≈1.5-1.6). Например, для объектива 18 мм на камере с кроп-фактором 1.6 выдержка должна быть не длиннее $500 / (18 \cdot 1.6) \approx 17$ секунд. Обычно выдержка составляет 15-30 секунд.</p><p>• <strong>ISO (светочувствительность)</strong>: Установите высокое значение, например, 1600, 3200 или даже 6400, в зависимости от возможностей вашей камеры и светосилы объектива. Сделайте пробный кадр и оцените яркость и уровень шума.</p><p>После съемки RAW-файл необходимо обработать в графическом редакторе (Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop и др.), чтобы "проявить" детали Млечного Пути: настроить баланс белого, увеличить экспозицию и контраст, поработать с тенями и светами, а также применить шумоподавление.</p><p><strong>Ответ:</strong> Для фотографирования Млечного Пути установите камеру со светосильным широкоугольным объективом на штатив. Используйте ручные настройки: максимально открытая диафрагма, выдержка 15-30 секунд (рассчитанная по "правилу 500"), высокое ISO (1600-6400) и ручная фокусировка на бесконечность. Снимайте в формате RAW для последующей обработки.</p>" ] #changes: [] #casts: [] #classCastCache: [] #attributeCastCache: [] #dateFormat: null #appends: [] #dispatchesEvents: [] #observables: [] #relations: [] #touches: [] +timestamps: true +usesUniqueIds: false #hidden: [] #visible: [] #fillable: [] #guarded: array:1 [ 0 => "*" ] } ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "next" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434076" "type" => "task" ] "previous" => array:2 [ "refs" => "1434074" "type" => "task" ] "book" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1121 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\Book {#1032} ] #escapeWhenCastingToString: false } "page" => Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#1136 #items: array:1 [ 0 => App\Models\BookPage {#1135 #connection: "mysql" #table: "book_pages" #primaryKey: "id" #keyType: "int" +incrementing: true #with: [] #withCount: [] +preventsLazyLoading: false #perPage: 15 +exists: true +wasRecentlyCreated: false #escapeWhenCastingToString: false #attributes: 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№3 (с. 53)
Условие. №3 (с. 53)
скриншот условия
3. Рассмотрите на небе Млечный Путь. Попробуйте сфотографировать его.
Решение. №3 (с. 53)
Это задание представляет собой практическую рекомендацию по астрономическим наблюдениям и астрофотографии. Ниже приведено развернутое руководство по его выполнению.
Рассмотрите на небе Млечный ПутьМлечный Путь – это наша родная галактика, гигантская спиральная система, состоящая из сотен миллиардов звезд, одной из которых является Солнце. Когда мы смотрим на ночное небо, мы видим нашу Галактику с ребра, изнутри ее диска. Поэтому она предстает перед нами в виде неяркой, туманной полосы, пересекающей все небо. Эта полоса состоит из света бесчисленного множества далеких звезд, которые неразличимы по отдельности невооруженным глазом.
Чтобы увидеть Млечный Путь, необходимо соблюсти несколько условий:
1. Отсутствие светового загрязнения. Городские огни создают сильную засветку неба, которая полностью скрывает Млечный Путь. Для наблюдений нужно выехать за город, в место с максимально темным небом (в сельскую местность, в горы, вдали от крупных населенных пунктов).
2. Правильное время. Лучшее время для наблюдений в Северном полушарии — безлунные ночи с конца весны до начала осени (с мая по октябрь). Самая яркая и эффектная часть Млечного Пути, его ядро, видна именно летом. Наблюдения следует проводить в период, когда нет Луны на небе (в фазе новолуния или когда она за горизонтом) и спустя 1.5–2 часа после заката, чтобы исчезли все следы сумерек.
3. Ориентация на небе. Летом в Северном полушарии ядро Галактики находится в южной части неба, в созвездиях Стрельца и Скорпиона. Оттуда светлая полоса тянется вверх через зенит, проходя через яркие звезды Летне-осеннего треугольника (Вега, Денеб и Альтаир), и уходит к северному горизонту в районе созвездий Кассиопеи и Персея. Для поиска можно использовать приложения-планетарии для смартфона (например, Stellarium, SkyView, Star Walk).
Ответ: Для наблюдения за Млечным Путем необходимо в летнюю или ранне-осеннюю ночь, в новолуние, выехать далеко за город. На темном небе он будет виден как широкая туманная полоса, протянувшаяся с юга на север через зенит.
Попробуйте сфотографировать егоФотографирование Млечного Пути — увлекательная задача, требующая определенного оборудования и настроек. Даже на любительскую технику можно получить впечатляющие снимки.
Необходимое оборудование:
• Фотоаппарат с возможностью ручных настроек (зеркальная, беззеркальная или продвинутая компактная камера).
• Объектив. Желательно использовать широкоугольный (с фокусным расстоянием 14-35 мм) и светосильный (с максимальной диафрагмой f/2.8 или меньше) объектив.
• Штатив. Он необходим для фиксации камеры в неподвижном положении, так как съемка ведется на длинных выдержках.
• Пульт ДУ или таймер спуска. Позволяют избежать сотрясения камеры при нажатии на кнопку спуска затвора.
Настройки камеры:
• Режим съемки: Ручной (М).
• Формат файла: RAW. Это критически важно для последующей обработки фотографии.
• Фокусировка: Ручная (MF). Наведитесь на самую яркую звезду или очень далекий огонек на горизонте, включите режим Live View и увеличьте изображение на максимум. Вращая кольцо фокусировки, добейтесь, чтобы звезда выглядела как минимально возможная точка. После этого фокус не меняйте.
• Диафрагма: Максимально открытая (самое маленькое число, например, f/1.8, f/2.8, f/4).
• Выдержка: Чтобы звезды остались точками, а не превратились в полосы из-за вращения Земли, максимальную выдержку (в секундах) можно рассчитать по "правилу 500": $t_{max} = \frac{500}{F \cdot K}$ , где $\text{F}$ — фокусное расстояние объектива в мм, а $\text{K}$ — кроп-фактор матрицы камеры (для полнокадровых камер $K=1$, для APS-C ≈1.5-1.6). Например, для объектива 18 мм на камере с кроп-фактором 1.6 выдержка должна быть не длиннее $500 / (18 \cdot 1.6) \approx 17$ секунд. Обычно выдержка составляет 15-30 секунд.
• ISO (светочувствительность): Установите высокое значение, например, 1600, 3200 или даже 6400, в зависимости от возможностей вашей камеры и светосилы объектива. Сделайте пробный кадр и оцените яркость и уровень шума.
После съемки RAW-файл необходимо обработать в графическом редакторе (Adobe Lightroom, Photoshop и др.), чтобы "проявить" детали Млечного Пути: настроить баланс белого, увеличить экспозицию и контраст, поработать с тенями и светами, а также применить шумоподавление.
Ответ: Для фотографирования Млечного Пути установите камеру со светосильным широкоугольным объективом на штатив. Используйте ручные настройки: максимально открытая диафрагма, выдержка 15-30 секунд (рассчитанная по "правилу 500"), высокое ISO (1600-6400) и ручная фокусировка на бесконечность. Снимайте в формате RAW для последующей обработки.
Другие задания:
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